Synthesis of margarine fat from sesame oil and palm stearin by chemical interesterification

The production of margarine fat is not only intended to be free from Trans Fatty Acid (TFA) but is also expected to have a higher quality from a nutritional aspect. In this research, margarine fat from sesame oil (SO) and palm stearin (PS) by a chemical interesterification was synthesized. Chemical interesterification is one of the processes used to modify the physico-chemical characteristics of oils and fats. An attempt to chemical-restructure palm stearin and sesame oil to form margarine fat which is suitable for margarine was investigated using sodium methoxide as a catalyst. The effect ratio of PS/SO in color, slip melting point, solid fat index, texture and triacylglycerols (TAGS) profile of margarine fat were studied in research. This research was conducted by three major stages; characterization of sesame oil and palm stearin, synthesis of margarine fat by physical blending and chemical interesterification, and characterization of margarine fat. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, namely the ratio of sesame oil and palm stearin. Margarine fat produced with different variations of the raw material concentration (% w/w SO:PS = 30:70; 40: 60; 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30). Chemical interesterification caused: rearrangement of triacylglycerols, reduction of S3 and U3 and increase in S2U and U2S type TAGs content of all blend, resulting in lowering of melting point, solid fat index and increase texture. Margarine fat in the % ratio of SO:PS = 60:40, has a similar characteristic (texture, slip melting point, solid fat index, and TAGS profiles) which margarine commercial, so has the potential to be developed in the manufacture margarine industry

Karakteristik Fisik Shortening Hasil Interesterifikasi Kimiawi Campuran Terner Minyak Biji Karet, Minyak Ikan Nila, dan Palm Stearin

<p><em>Shortening </em>merupakan produk olahan lemak dan minyak yang berfungsi sebagai pembentuk pori dan pelembut pada pembuatan roti. <em>Shortening </em>diproduksi dari campuran stearin sawit (PS), minyak biji karet (RSO) dan minyak ikan (FO), pencampuran fraksi padat dan cair dilakukan dengan tujuan mendapatkan titik leleh dan konsistensi yang diinginkan sesuai dengan shortening komersial. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) menggunakan sepuluh campuran terner lemak dengan rasio dan metode berbeda, masing-masing PS / RSO/ FO (50/30/20, 60/35/5, 70/15/15, 80/10/10 dan 90/5/5) (% bb) dengan metode <em>blending</em>/<em>non interesterification </em>(NIE) dan interesterifikasi kimiawi/ <em>chemical interesterification </em>(CIE). Setiap perlakuan dilakukan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Karakteristik fisik lemak yang diuji meliputi, titik leleh, indeks total padatan lemak, komposisi asam lemak, warna, dan tekstur. Seluruh hasil analisa dari semua campuran dilakukan uji statistik menggunakan <em>software </em>SPSS versi 22. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan perbedaan rasio dan metode yang digunakan secara signifikan berbeda nyata (P&lt;0,05). Campuran interesterifikasi kimiawi dengan rasio (CIE) 80/10/10 dan 90/5/5 merupakan perlakuan yang menghasilkan sifat fisik yang paling mendekati <em>shortening </em>komersial dengan karakteristik meliputi <em>slip melting point </em>pada kisaran (40,38-42,54°C), titik leleh (47,33-50,46°C), indeks kepadatan lemak (17,92-31,63%), kecerahan (86,01-87,64), tekstur (421,75-872,25 gf/cm2).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Physica</strong><strong>l </strong><strong>Characteristic</strong><strong>s Of Shortening Results Of </strong><strong>C</strong><strong>hemical</strong> <strong>Interesterifications On Terner Mixed Seed Oil Rubber, Oil Fish, And</strong> <strong>Palm Stearin</strong></p><p>Shortening is produced from a mixture of palm stearin (PS), rubber seed oil (RSO) and fish oil (FO). The experimental design used ten fat ternary mixtures with different ratios and methods, each PS / RSO / FO (50/30/20, 60/35/5, 70/15/15, 80/10/10 and 90 / 5/5) (% bb) with blending (NIE) and chemical interesterification (CIE) methods. The physical characteristics of the fat tested include, melting point, total solid fat index, fatty acid composition, color, and texture. The experimental design used was a randomized block design. All analysis results of all mixtures were carried out using a SPSS version 22 statistical test. The statistical test results showed that the ratio and method used were significantly different (P &lt;0.05). Chemical interesterification mixture with a ratio (CIE) 80/10/10 and 90/5/5 is the treatment that produces the physical properties that are closest to commercial shortening with characteristics including slip melting point in the range of (40.38-42.54 ° C), melting point (47.33-50.46 ° C), solid fat index (17.92-31.63%), Lightness (86.01-87.64), texture (421.75-872.25 gf / cm2).</p>