Non-respiratory functions of lungs in experimental intracerebral hemorage during fingolimod injection

Introduction. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is frequently accompanied by respiratory system complications. One of the correction method of post stroke complications is administration of immunosuppressive drug fingolimod. Theobjective of the study is to investigate non-respiratory lung functions in experimental ICH during fingolimod treatment. Materials and methods. Animals were divided into 3 groups: group 1 with ICH, group 2 with ICH receiving fingolimod and group 3 as reference group. Intracranial hemorrhage was modelled by 160 μl autologic blood injection into lateral brain ventricle (P=0.6; D=1.5; V=3.5). Fingolimod (FTY 720, «Sigma») was administered within 1 hour after ICH (intraabdominal, 1 mg/kg). Biochemistry and functional parameters of the lung surfactant in animals were studied. Phospholipids fractions spectrum was assessed by thin-layer chromatography, superficial surfactant activity by Wilhelmi method. Parameters of water metabolism, pulmonary blood filling were studied by gravimetric method. Level of blood nitric oxide was estimated by amount of nitrates and nitrites stable terminal metabolites. Results. We revealed that experimental ICH causes a decrease of alveolar stability index by 9 %, decrease of total alveolar phospholipids content by 25 % and change of its fraction composition, i.e. decrease of major surface active fraction (phosphatidylcholine) by 68 %, increase of phosphatidic acid amount by 151 % and increase of lisophosphatidylcholine by 163 %. Besides that, experimental ICH is followed by lung edema on the lung blood filling background and increase of blood NO. Fingolimod administration does not affect surfactant surface activity but totally corrects water balance, lung blood filling and blood NO content.

Muscle Oxygenation Level Might Trigger the Regulation of Capillary Venous Blood Filling during Fatiguing Isometric Muscle Actions

The regulation of oxygen and blood supply during isometric muscle actions is still unclear. Recently, two behavioral types of oxygen saturation (SvO2) and relative hemoglobin amount (rHb) in venous microvessels were described during a fatiguing holding isometric muscle action (HIMA) (type I: nearly parallel behavior of SvO2 and rHb; type II: partly inverse behavior). The study aimed to ascertain an explanation of these two regulative behaviors. Twelve subjects performed one fatiguing HIMA trial with each arm by weight holding at 60% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in a 90° elbow flexion. Six subjects additionally executed one fatiguing PIMA trial by pulling on an immovable resistance with 60% of the MVIC with each side and same position. Both regulative types mentioned were found during HIMA (I: n = 7, II: n = 17) and PIMA (I: n = 3, II: n = 9). During the fatiguing measurements, rHb decreased initially and started to increase in type II at an average SvO2-level of 58.75 ± 2.14%. In type I, SvO2 never reached that specific value during loading. This might indicate the existence of a threshold around 59% which seems to trigger the increase in rHb and could explain the two behavioral types. An approach is discussed to meet the apparent incompatibility of an increased capillary blood filling (rHb) despite high intramuscular pressures which were found by other research groups during isometric muscle actions.

On the remitting course of brain tumors

A number of authors (Belenkaya, Volkova-Pavlova, Garkavi, Pussep, Razdolsky, etc.) pointed out the possibility of remission in brain tumors. Arais and Blazhko point out that a remitting course is characteristic of vascular tumors such as angiomas and angioreticulomas. According to Khokhlova, the relapsing course of the disease is typical for cystic degenerated brain tumors in children. Fidelgolts also believes that remissions can be caused by the formation of cysts and changes in the blood filling of tumors. Ninidze and Lyubarskaya observed significant remissions in ventricular tumors.

Therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on aortic atherosclerotic plaque in a high-fat diet rabbit model

Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex disease caused in part by dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation. AS is associated with serious cardiovascular disease and remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have evolved as an attractive therapeutic agent in various diseases including AS. Human umbilical cord MSCs (UCSCs) have been used in cell therapy trials due to their ability to differentiate and proliferate. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of UCSCs treatment on atherosclerotic plaque formation and the progression of lesions in a high-fat diet rabbit model. Methods Rabbits were fed a high-fat diet and then randomly divided into three groups: control, model, and treatment groups. Rabbits in the treatment group were injected with UCSCs (6 × 106 in 500 μL phosphate buffered saline) after 1 month of high-fat diet, once every 2 weeks, for 3 months. The model group was given PBS only. We analyzed serum biomarkers, used ultrasound and histopathology to detect arterial plaques and laser Doppler imaging to measure peripheral blood vessel blood filling, and analyzed the intestinal flora and metabolism. Results Histological analysis showed that the aortic plaque area was significantly reduced in the treatment group. We also found a significant decrease in macrophage accumulation and apoptosis, an increase in expression of scavenger receptors CD36 and SRA1, a decrease in uptake of modified low–density protein (ox-LDL), and a decrease in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α following UCSCs treatment. We also found that anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression increased in the aorta atherosclerotic plaque of the treatment group. UCSCs treatment improved the early peripheral blood filling, reduced the serum lipid level, and inhibited inflammation progression by regulating the intestinal flora dysbiosis caused by the high-fat diet. More specifically, levels of the microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) were down-regulated in the treatment group. Conclusions UCSCs treatment alleviated atherosclerotic plaque burden by reducing inflammation, regulating the intestinal flora and TMAO levels, and repairing the damaged endothelium.

The therapeutic value of hemorrhages in the suffering of the nervous system

There are several contradictory indications about the blood filling of the brain. A. priori, indeed, one can expect bloodlessness of all organs due to rapid blood loss, but many facts make such an expectation premature, unproven, unproven, notes Yu. Chudnovsky and cites the case of prof. Maschka.

THE NATURE OF CHANGES IN THE HEMODYNAMICS OF THE EYES OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ANTERIOR IDIOPATHIC UVEITIS COMPLICATED BY OPTIC NEURITIS WITH TRANSITION TO ATROPHY

Aim. To determine the nature and direction of changes in the hemodynamics of the eyes of patients with chronic anterior idiopathic uveitis complicated by optic neuritis with transition to atrophy. Materials and methods. The study involved 18 people with chronic anterior idiopathic uveitis complicated by optic neuritis with transition to atrophy. Ophthalmological (ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure, perimetry, visual acuity with maximum correction) and electrophysiological (volumetric pulse blood filling, vascular tone of the eye, volumetric blood flow rate) studies were performed before and after treatment for a year. The treatment was carried out according to the protocol: at the first visit — non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, immunosuppressant, corticosteroids and immunomodulatory; with subsequent — metabolic and vitamin therapy, physiotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistic 12. 0 software. The t-test of Student and Wilcoxon was used. Research results. As a result of treatment, the visual functions of patients are improved: the number of people with higher visual acuity is increasing. In the period up to 6 months after treatment, the number of patients with low visual acuity (0.12–0.5) decreased from 94.4 to 50 %; in 11 of 13 visual acuity increased to 0.3–0.5 (66.7 % of all subjects). A year after the treatment, the visual acuity in the diseased eyes remained the same. The study of eye hemodynamics showed a significant (p<0. 000) increase in all parameters in the diseased eye relative to the healthy one before treatment: volumetric pulse blood filling — by 64.8; the tone of large eye vessels — by 10.1, small — by 17.5; the rate of volumetric pulse blood filling — by 37.8 %. Comparative analysis of the hemodynamic data of sick eyes at different periods after treatment revealed a significant decrease in volumetric pulse blood filling to 66.4 and 52.4 %, the rate of volumetric pulse blood filling to 60. 2 and 44. 4 %. A decrease in the tone of large vessels by 3.1 and 6.4 %, and small — up to 94.6 and 92.7 % at the time of up to six months and up to a year relative to the initial data (p <0.000 in all cases). Conclusions 1. As a result of treatment, the visual functions in the diseased eye improve without deteriorating until a year after treatment. 2. Before treatment, hemodynamic indices are increased (p<0.000) in the diseased eye relative to the healthy one. 3. Six and 12 months after treatment, the volumetric pulse blood filling, the rate of volumetric pulse blood filling, the tone of large and small vessels were significantly reduced relative to the initial data.

Own research

In case of various kinds of diseases of the fundus of the eye, clinicians usually use the study in the opposite view for diagnostics purposes, thus obtaining and examining a real image of the fundus. Therefore, it is quite natural to desire first of all to be able to photograph a real reverse image of the retina. This is precisely the goal we set ourselves when we were studying the blood filling of retinal and choroidal vessels under the influence of various drugs or electrical irritation of the vagus and sympathetic nerve in higher animals.