Direct extraction of uranium from yellow cake and ore matrices using supercritical carbon dioxide

The study demonstrates the accomplishment of single step, direct supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SC CO2) dissolution and extraction of uranium from crude matrices viz. yellow cakes (>90%) and rock phosphate ores (70%) employing adducts of trialkyl phosphates and nitric acid, thus avoiding free acid usage and eliminating number of process steps. Rock phosphate ore was made amenable for supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) system by unique strategy of pyrohydrolytic removal of fluorine. Pressure and temperature conditions, which were found to influence uranium extraction efficiency, were optimized at 150 atm. and 323 K. Two milliliter of adduct amount was found to be adequate. Adducts of branched alkyl phosphate, tri-isoamyl phosphate and tri-ethyl hexyl phosphate (TEHP), yield better purity in comparision to straight chain tri-butyl phosphate (TBP).

Safety Assessment of Alkyl Phosphates as Used in Cosmetics

The Expert Panel assessed the safety of 28 alkyl phosphates and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the current practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating. The ingredients in the alkyl phosphate family share a common phosphate core structure, and vary by the identity of the alkyl chains attached therein. Most of the alkyl phosphates function as surfactants in cosmetic ingredients; however, the triesters function as plasticizers rather than surfactants. The Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data to determine the safety of these ingredients.

Fluorinated alkyl-phosphate-based electrolytes with controlled lithium-ion coordination structure

Graphite electrode reaction in coordination-controlled LiFSA/TFEP electrolytes.