The Sizzling of Desire A Psychoanalytic Study of Clyde’s Character in An American Tragedy

An American Tragedy is a novel by Theodore Dreiser. It was published in 1925. The novel is a complicated account of an ambitious, ill-educated, and immature young protagonist named Clyde Griffith. It is a portrayal of the society whose values both shape Clyde's mimetic desires and seal his destiny. Since the novel revolves around the strong desires of Clyde and the way they reflect on him and others around him, this paper offers an analysis of the character through the lens of psychoanalysis. This study is an attempt to shed light on the deep-rooted desires of the protagonist and how they affect him for his assumed success in life. In this regard, the beliefs of Sigmund Freud and some other writers in the field are discussed.

Telaah Freud : Kepribadian dan Pertahanan Tokoh Utama Novel Seputih Hati yang Tercabik Karya Ratu Wardarita

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kajian psikoanalisis tokoh utama novel “Seputih Hati yang Tercabik” karya Ratu Wardarita dengan teori Sigmund Freud sebagai pisau bedahnya untuk menganalisis kepribadian dan pertahanan tokoh utama pemeran utama dalam novel. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tiga teknik, yaitu baca, catat dan kepustakaan. Kutipan berupa kata, frasa dan kalimat yang didapat dalam novel yang berfungsi memperkuat analisis data terkait teori Freud, selanjutnya dianalisis dengan prosedur (1) reduksi data, (2) penyajian data, dan (3) penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa struktur kepribadian menimbulkan pergumulan antara id, ego, dan superego. Sedangkan mekanisme pertahanan konflik menghasilkan efek represi, rasionalisasi, regresi, reaction formulation, perasaan trauma, dan intelektual. The purpose of this study is to describe the psychoanalytic study of the main character of the novel "Seputih Hati Tercabik" by Ratu Wardarita with Sigmund Freud's theory as the scalpel to analyze the personality and defense of the main character in the novel. Researchers used descriptive analytical methods with a qualitative approach. Meanwhile, data collection was carried out using three techniques, namely reading, taking notes and literature. Quotations in the form of words, phrases and sentences obtained in the novel serve to strengthen data analysis related to Freud's theory, then analyzed by procedures (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the personality structure causes a struggle between the id, ego, and superego. Meanwhile, conflict defense mechanisms produce effects of repression, rationalization, regression, reaction formulation, feelings of trauma, and intellectuality.

Anita Desai’s Cry the Peacock: A Manifesto of Maya’s Psychological Predicament

The present paper aims to explore Anita Desai’s Debut novel, Cry, the Peacock as a manifesto of Maya’s psychological predicament. Cry, the Peacock is Anita Desai’s first novel published in 1963. Anita Desai is one of the most known and distinguished Indian English novelists with worldwide fame and name. She is gifted with extraordinary penetration and sharpness of vision. Her works have provided her with worldwide fame and attention. The novelist is accomplished with prospecting psychological insight. Majority of Anita Desai’s novels are the true and real manifesto of women’s situation and predicament. Cry, the Peacock is a manifesto of Maya’s psychological predicament. Desai’s has very well explored the inner or interior world of woman, her anger, frustration and storm raging inside her mind and heart through the protagonist of this novel. The novelist’s concern with the emancipation of Maya can be seen in almost every page of the work. She often peeps into the interior or inner psyche of her main characters instead of just focusing on the outer view. She is a master in composing the psychological novels. She very well knows how to explore the psychic depth of her main protagonists as well to analyse and examine their motives in details. The novelist is generally considered as a trendsetter in the area of psychoanalytic study. Through her extraordinary penetration of vision and sharpness, the novelist has brilliantly portrayed the inner turmoil going on in the psyche of Maya who is a hysterical personality. She is successful in bringing out the frustration, loneliness and claustrophobia of Maya.

The Application of Psychoanalytic Theory in Films, Based on the Movie Fanfan

The relationship between psychoanalytic theory and film is very close, open and integrated with each other. The psychoanalytic study of film is an important part of the study of contemporary western film theory. Through the mastery of psychoanalytic theory and the analysis of the film Fanfan starring Sophie Marceau, this paper proves the application and role of psychoanalysis in film.

CONTRIBUIÇÕES PSICANALÍTICAS ACERCA DO LUTO E DA MELANCOLIA

A temática do luto e melancolia é demasiadamente importante no estudo psicanalítico e tem sido estudada desde o criador da psicanálise, Sigmund Freud, até autores contemporâneos que acrescentaram e revisaram as ideias iniciais. A perda do objeto de amor propicia ao indivíduo a experiência do luto, enquanto, na melancolia, o estado de sofrimento psíquico se dá a partir da perda ou danificação dos objetos internos sem, necessariamente, a perda de um objeto real. Os estados de luto e melancolia desencadeiam sofrimento psíquico, podendo inclusive levar o indivíduo ao patológico. O presente estudo tem como objetivo elucidar elementos presentes no luto e na melancolia e o processo de elaboração psíquica, utilizando como recurso artístico o filme Melancolia (2011) do diretor dinamarquês Lars Von Trier, articulando as teorias psicanalíticas acerca do tema, seus desdobramentos e consequências psíquicas. Para isso, utilizou-se como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica. A análise dos mecanismos encontrados na personagem Justine da obra de Lars Von Trier e suas vivências subjetivas dos processos ligados à melancolia permite avaliar importantes aspectos sobre a identificação melancólica e a temática da perda de objeto e investimentos afetivos com o mundo externo. Conclui-se que a melancolia, apesar de apresentar aspectos patológicos e prejuízos no campo afetivo e social, pode possibilitar potencialidades e saídas criativas em situações de desamparo diante da possibilidade de finitude humana, enquanto no processo de elaboração do luto envolve a escolha de um objeto substituto. PSYCHOANALYTICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO MOURNING AND MELANCHOLY ABSTRACT The mourning and the melancholy issues are profoundly important for psychoanalytic study, and it has been studied from the creator of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud to contemporary authors who added and revised the first concepts. Losing beloved ones results in the mourning experience to the individual, whereas in melancholy the suffering mental feeling comes from losing or damaging internal objects, without necessarily losing a real object. Mourning and melancholy conditions trigger mental suffering and may even lead the individual to a pathological condition. The present study aims at elucidating mourning and melancholy elements, and the psychic elaboration process, using the film Melancolia (2011) by the Danish director Lars Von Trier as an artistic resource, articulating the psychoanalytic theories about the issue, outcomes, and psychic consequences. In this regard, the literature review was used as a methodology. The analysis of the mechanisms found in the character Justine of Lars Von Trier's artwork, and his subjective experiences of the processes related to melancholy, allows us to evaluate important aspects as concerns melancholy identification and the loss of object issue and affective investments with the external world. It is concluded that melancholy, despite presenting pathologic aspects and damages for affective and social areas, may provide potentialities and creative results for abandon situations when facing the possibility of human finitude, whereas in the natural mourning stage involves the displacement mechanism. Descriptors: Mourning. Melancholy. Movie theater. Psychoanalysis.

Lord of the flies: a psychoanalytic view of the gang and its processes

Gangs are usually seen to exist on the edge of society, in the Mafia, on the street corner, or among those engaged in people- or drug-trafficking. In this article I take a different approach and argue that, especially in response to trauma, gang functioning may be present at the very centre of our society, and is sometimes to be found in governmental, business, public and voluntary sector organisations, as well as the groups and teams within them. Using Nobel-prize winner William Golding's novel Lord of the Flies to give shape to my ideas, I develop a psychoanalytic theory of gang functioning. I draw in particular on Kleinian psychoanalytic ideas as well as concepts from the psychoanalytic study of groups and organisations. I argue that the establishment of the gang involves primitive splitting and projective identification and the perversion of adult authority. I suggest further that gang functioning involves the destruction of the sensory and communicative apparatuses that alert the gang to reality, coupled with the creation of a substitute, false "reality". These features enable the avoidance of painful truths and experiences and facilitate the enactment of hatred that is so characteristic of ganging behaviour.

THE INFLUENCE OF THREE MEN IN EDNA PONTELLIER’S LIFE IN THE AWAKENING BY KATE CHOPIN: A Psychoanalytic Study

This paper focuses on the life of Edna Pontellier, the female main character in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening. The purpose is to analyse the influence of the three men in Edna Pontellier’s life. The analysis is done using the concept of id, ego, and superego from Freudian psychoanalysis. The result shows that the first man in Edna Pontellier’s life, Mr. Pontellier/her husband, serves as the superego that always directs Edna’s ego. The second man, Robert Lebrun, is her lover who encourages her to win back her ego which makes her able to begin resisting the superego’s demands. The third man, Alcee Arobin, is the woman-seducer who arouses and fullfils her id in the form of sexual desires which has been repressed so far. However, the psychological conflicts that she has to endure lead to her decision to end her own life in her own way. Key words: id, ego, superego, Freudian psychoanalysis.