Turkish Basis in Toponimization System

Recently, three major processes are taking place in the urban space of the capital: 1) the process of national transonymization, ie the implementation of the names of newly established, renamed objects on the memorial principle (including national memoranda); 2) historical and cultural process; that is, the reproduction of object names in the nature of a national cultural symbol; 3) the process of national toponymization, ie the acquisition of common nouns. The main purpose of the article is to reveal and identify the Turkic basis of the layer of onymsformed as a result of this process of toponymization – one of the most productive internal resourcedevelopment in the urban space of the capital. That is, by conducting an etymological analysis ofthe system of urbanonymy, to show that the main source of optimized units belongs to the group ofTurkic languages.In the process of toponymization in the space of urbanism of the capital, the share of internalresource development is predominant, ie most of the layer of onyms on its onomastic map wasformed as a result of the Turkic basis. As a result, the urban design of the capital of Kazakhstan hasbecome the only historical and cultural center that meets the principles of language policy andnaming / renaming of the Republic of Kazakhstan. And we understand that the definition of thelayer of onyms in the laws of naming the internal objects of the city will be revealed in more depthby conducting a diachronic study of them.

CONTRIBUIÇÕES PSICANALÍTICAS ACERCA DO LUTO E DA MELANCOLIA

A temática do luto e melancolia é demasiadamente importante no estudo psicanalítico e tem sido estudada desde o criador da psicanálise, Sigmund Freud, até autores contemporâneos que acrescentaram e revisaram as ideias iniciais. A perda do objeto de amor propicia ao indivíduo a experiência do luto, enquanto, na melancolia, o estado de sofrimento psíquico se dá a partir da perda ou danificação dos objetos internos sem, necessariamente, a perda de um objeto real. Os estados de luto e melancolia desencadeiam sofrimento psíquico, podendo inclusive levar o indivíduo ao patológico. O presente estudo tem como objetivo elucidar elementos presentes no luto e na melancolia e o processo de elaboração psíquica, utilizando como recurso artístico o filme Melancolia (2011) do diretor dinamarquês Lars Von Trier, articulando as teorias psicanalíticas acerca do tema, seus desdobramentos e consequências psíquicas. Para isso, utilizou-se como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica. A análise dos mecanismos encontrados na personagem Justine da obra de Lars Von Trier e suas vivências subjetivas dos processos ligados à melancolia permite avaliar importantes aspectos sobre a identificação melancólica e a temática da perda de objeto e investimentos afetivos com o mundo externo. Conclui-se que a melancolia, apesar de apresentar aspectos patológicos e prejuízos no campo afetivo e social, pode possibilitar potencialidades e saídas criativas em situações de desamparo diante da possibilidade de finitude humana, enquanto no processo de elaboração do luto envolve a escolha de um objeto substituto. PSYCHOANALYTICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO MOURNING AND MELANCHOLY ABSTRACT The mourning and the melancholy issues are profoundly important for psychoanalytic study, and it has been studied from the creator of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud to contemporary authors who added and revised the first concepts. Losing beloved ones results in the mourning experience to the individual, whereas in melancholy the suffering mental feeling comes from losing or damaging internal objects, without necessarily losing a real object. Mourning and melancholy conditions trigger mental suffering and may even lead the individual to a pathological condition. The present study aims at elucidating mourning and melancholy elements, and the psychic elaboration process, using the film Melancolia (2011) by the Danish director Lars Von Trier as an artistic resource, articulating the psychoanalytic theories about the issue, outcomes, and psychic consequences. In this regard, the literature review was used as a methodology. The analysis of the mechanisms found in the character Justine of Lars Von Trier's artwork, and his subjective experiences of the processes related to melancholy, allows us to evaluate important aspects as concerns melancholy identification and the loss of object issue and affective investments with the external world. It is concluded that melancholy, despite presenting pathologic aspects and damages for affective and social areas, may provide potentialities and creative results for abandon situations when facing the possibility of human finitude, whereas in the natural mourning stage involves the displacement mechanism. Descriptors: Mourning. Melancholy. Movie theater. Psychoanalysis.

PSEUDO-RIEMANNIAN SPACES WITH A SPECIAL RIEMANN TENSOR

The paper considers pseudo-Riemannian spaces, the Riemann tensor of which has a special structure. The structure of the Riemann tensor is given as a combination of special symmetric and obliquely symmetric tensors. Tensors are selected so that the results can be applied in the theory of geodetic mappings, the theory of holomorphic-projective mappings of Kähler spaces, as well as other problems arising in differential geometry and its application in general relativity, mechanics and other fields. Through the internal objects of pseudo-Riemannian space, others are determined, which are studied depending on what problems are solved in the study of pseudo-Riemannian spaces. By imposing algebraic or differential constraints on internal objects, we obtain special spaces. In particular, if constraints are imposed on the metric we will have equidistant spaces. If on the Ricci tensor, we obtain spaces that allow φ (Ric)-vector fields, and if on the Einstein tensor, we have almost Einstein spaces. The paper studies pseudo-Riemannian spaces with a special structure of the curvature tensor, which were introduced into consideration in I. Mulin paper. Note that in his work these spaces were studied only with the requirement of positive definiteness of the metric. The proposed approach to the specialization of pseudo-Riemannian spaces is interesting by combining algebraic requirements for the Riemann tensor with differential requirements for its components. In this paper, the research is conducted in tensor form, without restrictions on the sign of the metric. Depending on the structure of the Riemann tensor, there are three special types of pseudo-Riemannian spaces. The properties which, if necessary, satisfy the Richie tensors of pseudoriman space and the tensors which determine the structure of the curvature tensor are studied. In all cases, it is proved that special tensors satisfy the commutation conditions together with the Ricci tensor. The importance and usefulness of such conditions for the study of pseudo-Riemannian spaces is widely known. Obviously, the results can be extended to Einstein tensors. Proven theorems allow us to effectively investigate spaces with constraints on the Ricci tensor.

Peter Pan, Wendy, and the Lost Boys: A Dead Mother Complex

Melanie Klein and André Green offer competing descriptions of primitive mental development. The former emphasizes the need to control internal objects through splitting and projective identification, while the latter emphasizes a narcissistic retreat from objects through progressive deadening of the self. To bridge these theoretical differences a spectrum of fantasies is proposed ranging from reanimation (bringing deadness back to life) to reparation (healing damage caused by paranoid attack). Clinically, alternations between these two defensive patterns occur, acting together to avoid painful anxieties. The interplay of these defenses is illustrated by a dream drawn from clinical practice, from the life of James Barrie, and from his fictional creation Peter Pan.

Intersubjective approach to intentionality and internal objects

Intentionality — the orientation of mental states to objects (things, properties, states of things, events) — has been considered a hallmark of the psyche since Brentano’s time. In this article, we consider the problem of intentionality from the second-person approach, or the standpoint of intersubjectivity. Our analysis shows that intentionality is intrinsically projective. The projective nature of intentionality is related to internal objects that play a crucial role in fixing the person’s subjective experience and serve as a fulcrum in the development of the person. The internal object can be treated as a set of properties and tropes. The logic of intentionality proposed by Graham Priest and the theory of primary (that is, belonging to the Freudian system «unconscious») psychological attitudes developed by Linda Brakel created the preconditions for seman- tical analysis of projective intentionality. In the article, we rely on the logic of projective intentionality that reorients the resources of modal logics and semantics of possible worlds to the investigation and formalization of primary thinking. Considering the problem of mental existence within the framework of the second-person approach, we show that Wittgenstein’s reasoning about the «beetle in a box» does not refute the thesis of the privacy of mental meanings. Finally, involving the possible world semantics, we develop a neo-Aristotelian approach to the ontology of mental objects.

Diagnosis of multilayer structures and composite parts by multifrequency phase detection

The article considers the issue of diagnosing the condition of multilayer elements and structures. Probing methods are considered. A multiphase detection method has been proposed to generate diagnostic information that allows the reflected signals from several consecutive layers to be obtained. The reflection distance is determined for each layer. The presentation of a two-dimensional model of structural sounding in the presence of two objects of study was considered. The three-dimensional model of search of objects of research of concrete designs considered in work provides probing by spherical waves of a detail, measurement of phase shifts of signals reflected from internal objects of research in three points. Division by means of one of mathematical models of signals are reflections from each object of research and determination of coordinates of objects of research and can by means of the mathematical model was represent. The equipment of a measuring instrument was developed to study the analytical multifrequency phase method of distance measurement. This system can be used to diagnose defects in multilayer structures that can transmit radio waves. Also it can be used for quality control of the put coverings and for the analysis of thickness of composite materials, isolation layers in the equipment.

ОСОБЕННОСТЬ РАЗРАБОТКИ САПР ДЛЯ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ И ВЕРИФИКАЦИИ КОНФИГУРАЦИИ ПЛИС

Создан модуль САПР сквозного проектирования с возможностью отладки и верификации проектов для программируемых логических интегральных схем (ПЛИС). На основе модуля создан синтаксический анализатор HDL-кода с формированием на его основе дерева разбора с дальнейшей компиляцией во внутренние объекты. Кроме этого, в работе освещаются вопросы разработки синтеза HDL-абстракций в библиотечные компоненты устройств производителя. Освещаются методы создания синтезатора. The paper deals with EDA (Electronic Design Automation) for designing, verifying and modeling FPGA configuration file. Based on that module HDL syntax analyzer has been created which helps to parse and compile code in internal objects. Besides, the paper presents solutions for HDL synthesis in library-typed component of vendor’s devices, as well as highlights methods of developing a synthesizer.

NATURE AND COMPONENTS OF LOGISTICS INFRASTRUCTURE IN UKRAINE

Currently one of the most urgent tasks of improving conditions for the formation of economic development is to create a developed logistic infrastructure. However, the views on the nature and composition of the logistics infrastructure are contradictory, and the composition of the organization’s logistics infrastructure is not sufficiently systematic, mainly in terms of the environment. Specifying the nature and components of the logistics infrastructure business in Ukraine, we believe, will help create a system model of the logistics of a particular company and requires further research.The purpose of the research is to clarify the essence of the category "enterprise’s logistic infrastructure", the composition of its objects and the detailing of these objects for Ukrainian organizations Research methods are: specification; monographic method; critical analysis, synthesis. We believe that the logistics infrastructure of the company is a combination of external and internal objects that form the mechanism of movement of material and associated with them flows from producer to consumer.Given this definition, the objects of the external and internal logistic infrastructure of the organization can be grouped according to their functional roles. Among the objects of external logistic infrastructure of the organization offered are: objects of institutional regulatory infrastructure (the legislature, executive and judiciary and local authorities dealing with transport and road facilities, Tax, Sanitary Inspection Service, standards bodies and metrology, etc.); objects of trade and intermediary infrastructure (trade exchanges, trading houses, broker, agency, commission, company, wholesale markets, retail stores, etc.); financial and credit facilities infrastructure (banks, insurance companies, leasing companies, currency exchanges, etc.); infrastructure facilities personnel (labor exchange, employment agencies, employment centers, etc.); objects of social infrastructure (international and domestic logistics association Chamber of Commerce, the Ukrainian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, the Central Union of Consumer Societies of Ukraine, Association of International Freight Forwarders of Ukraine, the International Road Transport Union, etc.); objects of engineering infrastructure (producers and service center for technical devices used in logistics activities, vehicles of different types and purposes, handling equipment and handling machinery, commercial and technological equipment, office equipment, devices communications, safety and fire safety, cargo terminals, transport and public warehouses, packaging enterprises, etc.); objects of foreign infrastructure (customs services, trade representative of State, World Trade Center, etc.); objects of information infrastructure (enterprise communications, information and telecommunications networks, support services company for the development and implementation of software, etc.); facilities of infrastructure advisory (consulting firms, accounting firms, legal counseling centers, etc.); objects of innovation infrastructure (research organizations and design offices involved in the development of new types of packaging, design and handling equipment handling machinery, more efficient and economic, marketing firms that study and predict the markets of logistics products and services, logistics firms who develop optimal routes of passenger and freight transport, warehouse design rational processes of cargo, etc.). The company may have its own logistics infrastructure facilities, and can use appropriate objects of other companies and organizations. Globalization of logistics activities and implementation of Ukrainian economy capacity need to make further scientific and applied research aimed at developing complex measures to create advanced and efficient logistics infrastructure on the base of system approach at micro and macro levels.