Drp1 is widely, yet heterogeneously, distributed in the mouse central nervous system

Objectives: Drp1 is widely expressed in the mouse central nervous system and plays a role in inducing the mitochondrial fission process. Many diseases are associated with Drp1 and mitochondria. However, since the exact distribution of Drp1 has not been specifically observed, it is difficult to determine the impact of anti-Drp1 molecules on the human body. Clarifying the specific Drp1 distribution could be a good approach to targeted treatment or prognosis. Methods: We visualized the distribution of Drp1 in different brain regions and explicated the relationship between Drp1 and mitochondria. GAD67-GFP knock-in mice were utilized to detect the expression patterns of Drp1 in GABAergic neurons. We also further analyzed Drp1 expression in human malignant glioma tissue. Results : Drp1 was widely but heterogeneously distributed in the central nervous system. Further observation indicated that Drp1 was highly and heterogeneously expressed in inhibitory neurons. Under transmission electron microscopy, the distribution of Drp1 was higher in dendrites than other areas in neurons, and only a small amount of Drp1 was localized in mitochondria. In human malignant glioma, the fluorescence intensity of Drp1 increased from grade I-III, while grade IV showed a declining trend. Conclusion: In this study, we observed a wide heterogeneous distribution of Drp1 in the central nervous system, which might be related to the occurrence and development of neurologic disease. We hope that the relationship between Drp1 and mitochondria may will to therapeutic guidance in the clinic.

Drp1 is widely, yet heterogeneously, distributed in the mouse central nervous system

Objectives: Drp1 is widely expressed in the mouse central nervous system and plays a role in inducing the mitochondrial fission process. Many diseases are associated with Drp1 and mitochondria. However, since the exact distribution of Drp1 has not been specifically observed, it is difficult to determine the impact of anti-Drp1 molecules on the human body. Clarifying the specific Drp1 distribution could be a good approach to targeted treatment or prognosis.Methods: We visualized the distribution of Drp1 in different brain regions and explicated the relationship between Drp1 and mitochondria. GAD67-GFP knock-in mice were utilized to detect the expression patterns of Drp1 in GABAergic neurons. We also further analyzed Drp1 expression in human malignant glioma tissue. Results: Drp1 was widely but heterogeneously distributed in the central nervous system. Further observation indicated that Drp1 was highly and heterogeneously expressed in inhibitory neurons. Under transmission electron microscopy, the distribution of Drp1 was higher in dendrites than other areas in neurons, and only a small amount of Drp1 was localized in mitochondria. In human malignant glioma, the fluorescence intensity of Drp1 increased from grade I-III, while grade IV showed a declining trend. Conclusion: In this study, we observed a wide heterogeneous distribution of Drp1 in the central nervous system, which might be related to the occurrence and development of neurologic disease. We hope that the relationship between Drp1 and mitochondria may will to therapeutic guidance in the clinic.

Drp1 widely, yet heterogeneously distributes in mice central nervous system

Objectives: Drp1 is wildly expressed and plays a role in inducing mitochondrial fission process. It is confirmed that many diseases are associated with Drp1 and mitochondria. However, since the exact Drp1 is not specifically distributed, it is hard to determine the impact of anti-Drp1 molecules on human body and where the Drp1 inhibitor functions. Methods: We visualized distribution of Drp1 in different brain regions, and explicated the relationship between Drp1 and mitochondria. GAD67-GFP knock-in mice were utilized to detect the expression patterns of Drp1 on the GABAergic neurons. And we further analyzed Drp1 expression in human malignant glioma tissue. Results: Drp1 widely but heterogeneously distributed in central nervous system. Further observation indicated that Drp1 was highly and heterogeneously expressed in inhibitory neurons. Under transmission electron microscope, Drp1 distribution in dendrites was higher than other areas in neurons and only a small amount of Drp1 was located on mitochondria. In human malignant glioma, Drp1 fluorescence intensity increased from grade I-III, while grade IV showed the descending trend. Conclusion: In this study, we observed Drp1 widely yet heterogeneously distributed in central nervous system. Drp1 heterogeneous distribution may be related with the occurrence and development of neurologic disease. We hope that the relationship between Drp1 and mitochondria may give the therapeutic guidance.

HYDROQUINONE: A novel growth inhibitor and apoptosis inducer in U-251 MG CELLS

In design of new CNS drugs, profound and selective cytotoxicity, penetration through the blood brain barrier along with lack of neurotoxic effects coupled with no side effects in humans at a dose of 3 mg/kg administered actually make the avarol chemical scaffold (Figure 1) an ideal candidate [1]. This study aimed to screen in vitro structure-activity relationship (along with selectivity) using avarol (followed by its structural elements) and the human malignant glioma U-251 MG cells