scholarly journals Regional Free Movement of People at the Global Level: The Case of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAU)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-625
Author(s):  
D. Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Free Movement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Free Mobility ◽  
Employment Agreement ◽  
Free Movement Of Workers ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Eu

The paper research is on free movement of people at the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It introduces the main components of the EAEU’s free mobility regime, its promises and challenges. The author argues that the free movement of people regimes are not similar and respond to different needs and origins. Trying to answer, if free movement of people in the EAEU Treaty is the EU Model, the author discovers that in fact, the EAEU’s scheme finds its roots in regional treaties signed and developed in the post-Soviet space in the 1990s. The paper has a discussion on the challenges of implementation and interpretation and situates them within a larger global panorama of regional free mobility schemes beyond the EU. Conclusions are made with some thoughts and suggestions for future research, also in light of the general closure of borders during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper offers different insights on the free movement of workers at EAEU level. It has identified how the EU cannot really be considered as a model on several key aspects, notably the absence of the principle of non-discrimination enshrined in the Treaty and the lack of a secure residence status beyond the conclusion of an employment agreement. Researchers will need to continue to measure and investigate its implementation and the effects the free movement regime has in the inclusion of EAEU workers. More research will also be needed in light of the closure of borders during the pandemic and the effects that might have in the near future on the EAEU’s free movement regime.

scholarly journals Review of the Construction Labour Demand and Shortages in the EU

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Belinda Brucker Juricic ◽  
Mario Galic ◽  
Sasa Marenjak
Keyword(s):  
Free Movement ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Member States ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Free Movement Of Workers ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

This paper reviews the recent literature on skill and labour shortages in the labour market with special emphasis on the construction sector in the European Union Member States, foreseeing the Construction 4.0 era. The free movement of people is one of the rights of all citizens of the EU which also includes the free movement of workers. Labour shortages in the EU are expected to increase in the future due to a declining population and an ageing workforce. In order to recognize and forecast labour shortages, EU Member states use a variety of instruments but they do not answer as to whether it is possible to use migrant labour to appease those shortages. There are several systems used to classify labour shortages in the EU Member states. Most of the countries classify labour shortages in relation to different sectors or occupation groups as well as by skill levels, but in some Member States, classification is made according to the type of employment. Instruments used to measure labour shortages significantly differ from country to country. Several criteria are used for creating lists of shortage occupations and most of the criteria include demand side and supply side criteria. A majority of the Member States are facing labour and skill shortages in various sectors and the construction sector is not an exception. As total employment in the construction sector decreased, so did the share of employed migrants. Labour shortages in the construction sector can be eased by the availability of a labour supply willing to accept unqualified and low-paying jobs. The construction sector seeks low-, medium-, and high-skilled individuals and is most likely the sector where most of the incoming migrants will be working, which has an impact on the development and implementation dynamic of Construction 4.0.

scholarly journals Free movement of workers in the EU and occupational pensions

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Del Sol ◽  
Marco Rocca
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Occupational Pensions ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Free Movement Of Workers ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Cross National

The European Union appears to be promoting at the same time both cross-national mobility of workers and an increased role for occupational pensions. There is, however, a potential tension between these two objectives because workers risk losing (some of) their pension rights under an occupational scheme as a consequence of their mobility. After long negotiations, the EU has addressed this issue through a minimum standards Directive. Shortly before the adoption of this Directive, the Court of Justice also delivered an important decision in the same field, in the case of Casteels v British Airways. By analysing the resulting legal framework for safeguarding pension rights under occupational schemes in the context of workers’ mobility, we argue that the application of the case law developed by the Court of Justice in the field of free movement of workers has the potential to offer superior protection compared to the Directive. We also highlight the fact that the present legal framework seems to afford a much fuller protection to the intra-company cross-national mobility of workers employed by multinational companies, while also seemingly favouring mobility for highly specialised workers.

Towards an Enhanced Institutional Structure of the Eurasian Economic Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Igor V. Pilipenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Eu

This article considers how to enhance the institutional structure of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in order to enable timely decision-making and implementation of governance decisions in the interests of Eurasian integration deepening. We compare the governance structures of the EAEU and the European Union (EU) using the author’s technique and through the lens of theories of neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism elaborated with respect to the EU. We propose to determine a major driver of the integration process at this stage (the College of the Eurasian Economic Commission or the EAEU member states), to reduce the number of decision-making bodies within the current institutional structure of the EAEU, and to divide clearly authority and competence of remaining bodies to exclude legal controversies in the EAEU.

scholarly journals Nothern European Lessons for Eurasian Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
L. S. Voronkov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Eu

The paper is dedicated to the differences between the classical instruments for regulating interstate political and trade-economic relations from those used in the development of regional integration processes. Traditionally, the Eurasian Economic Union is compared with the European Union, considering the EU as a close example to follow in the development of integration processes. At the same time, there exist the other models of integration. The author proposes to pay attention to the other models of integration and based on the analysis of documents, reveals the experience of Northern Europe, which demonstrates effective cooperation without infringing on the sovereignty of the participants. The author examines the features of the integration experience of the Nordic countries in relation to the possibility of using its elements in the modern integration practice of the Eurasian Economic Union.

scholarly journals Differences between the European and Eurasian Good Pharmacovigilance Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
A. V. Matveev ◽  
A. E. Krasheninnikov ◽  
E. A. Matveeva ◽  
B. K. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Authorisation ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Systems Effectiveness ◽  
The Eu

Good pharmacovigilance practices (GVP) of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) were prepared based on the GVP of the European Medicines Agency that have been in force in the European Union (EU) since 2012. The EAEU GVP have been in force in the Russian Federation and the other EAEU member states since 2016. It is important to identify potential differences between the current regulations in order to harmonise requirements for the pharmacovigilance systems in the EU and EAEU. The aim of the study was to analyse and compare GVP requirements in the EU and EAEU. The analysis helped to identify differences in the structure and contents of GVP sections, the definitions of terms (EU GVP definitions are more detailed and supported by examples, subsections, and references to other documents). Moreover, supplements and annexes to the EU GVP contain figures, templates, examples, algorithms, and tables, which are missing in the EAEU GVP. Expert analysis of these differences as applied to assessment of the pharmacovigilance systems’ effectiveness, and practical activities of marketing authorisation holders, medicine developers, and regulatory authorities, demonstrated that the two GVPs are sufficiently harmonised and have very few differences. However, the number of differences between the documents increases, as changes are made to the EU GVP. A more comprehensive harmonisation of the EAEU GVP with the current version of the EU GVP will make it possible to develop and use uniform pharmacovigilance documents in the EU and EAEU, and will facilitate the introduction of EAEU medicines into the global pharmaceutical market.

Do National Activation Measures Stand the Test of European Law on the Free Movement of Workers and Jobseekers?

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Herwig Verschueren
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
European Law ◽  
European Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Free Movement Of Workers ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This article examines the compatibility of national measures taken to stimulate non-active people to enter the labour market (the so-called activation measures) with European law on the free movement of workers and jobseekers. It will first give a short overview of the objectives of the European employment strategy, more specifically with regard to the activation of workers. Subsequently it will sketch the European legal context of the free movement of workers and jobseekers, with special attention for the measures taken at the European level to enable and stimulate labour migration within the EU and thus create a European labour market. In the third part, by way of example, we will have a closer look at a number of activation measures taken in Belgium and examine which problems could arise in cross-border applications from the point of view of European law.

Digitalization features of integration associations (on the example of the EU and the EAEU)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
IGOR PANKRATOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Common Information ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Common Information Space ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Industry Structures ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
The Eu

The article provides and analyzes the theoretical foundations and practices of digitalization of integration associations on the example of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. Studying the program documents on digitalization (digital agendas), the authors identified the features and risks of the digital transformation of various integration associations. The article describes the digitalization of integration associations as a concept and logic of interaction between citizens, business entities, industry structures, government bodies of countries participating in an integration association in a common information space. These ideas are expressed in the form of explicit algorithms, specifications, and standards unified for each participating country and implemented in the form of integrated information systems of B2B, B2G, G2G formats with a single coordination and monitoring center.

Communicating Geoinformation Effectively With Virtual 3d City Models

2010 ◽  
pp. 120-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Jobst ◽  
Jürgen Döllner ◽  
Olaf Lubanski
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
3D Environments ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Knowledge Structuring ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
City Models

Planning situations are commonly managed by intensive discussions between all stakeholders. Virtual 3D city models enhance these communication procedures with additional visualization possibilities (in opposite to physical models), which support spatial knowledge structuring and human learning mechanisms. This chapter discusses key aspects of virtual 3D city creation, main components of virtual environments and the framework for an efficient communication. It also explores future research for the creation of virtual 3D environments.

Human Rights in EU Migration Laws and Policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 463-538
Author(s):  
Jan Wouters ◽  
Michal Ovádek
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Immigration And Emigration ◽  
Free Movement Of Workers ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The Eu

This chapter analyses the tools used as part of EU migration policy and argues that these are very much focused on control which has negative implications for the human rights of migrants. The EU's current status as a major international player in migration governance has become only possible after the development of the relevant competences on migration and asylum. The original Treaty of Rome included no provisions on migration other than those ushering in the free movement of workers among EU Member States. Today, the free movement of EU Member State nationals has been incorporated into the notion of EU citizenship which does not create a new and separate bond of nationality between the EU and the citizen, but refers to a collection of rights, duties, and political participation stemming from EU law. While the notion of migration covers both immigration and emigration, the chapter focuses on the laws and policies regulating immigration into the EU and briefly touches upon third country nationals' (TCNs) rights of residence and movement within the EU.

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