scholarly journals «CHILDREN OF THE OCCUPATION» – EXILES OF POSTWAR SOCIETIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ginda
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
Functional Methods ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
First Time

The purpose of this scientific investigation is to analyze the postwar life of children born to enemy soldiers during World War II. The attitude of postwar societies and governments to them. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the application of the principles of scientificity, historicism, systematics, objectivity. The use of historical-comparative, historical-systemic, and functional methods allowed the author to investigate the process of the problem of «children of occupation», to compare the attitudes of societies and governments in different warring countries and attempts to resolve the issue. Scientific novelty of the research. In the article, for the first time, on the basis of the existing domestic and foreign narrative, an attempt is made to cover the problem of «children of occupation», which was quite acute in the first postwar years in many European countries and the USSR. A number of problems that children born to soldiers of enemy armies and their mothers had to face were revealed. Conclusions. It was found that the «children of occupation» were usually doomed to be stigmatized by society, which distorted their future life solely due to the factor of fatherhood. There was hatred for the parents-invaders, and complexes of guilt and inferiority (especially if the children were born of different races). That is, children who should not be held accountable for their parents' actions had to be patient only because their parents were soldiers of the enemy army. For many «children of occupation» in Europe, the search for a father became the goal of their lives.

scholarly journals What the Files Reveal: Making Everyday Architecture Talk

Dimensions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Benedikt Boucsein
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
World War ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
Reconstruction Period ◽  
First Time

Editorial Summary Typically, design projects leave traces in building archives. Benedikt Boucsein sees great potential in this practice, as it can be used for a research methodology that explores archival material from the designer’s perspective, especially for work that is otherwise not archived. In his text Benedikt Boucsein illustrates this through the example from everyday architecture of the reconstruction period after World War II, which he denominated as »Grey Architecture«. One major insight of this research was that the building files were more important for the research than the actual buildings, and that working in the archive helped make this particular architecture »speak« for the first time, unveiling how the built environment is produced. He concludes that archival material may, especially for everyday architecture, be more important than the actual building, and that the designer’s view is decisive in understanding this material. [Ferdinand Ludwig]

Wartime Prosperity? A Reassessment of the U.S. Economy in the 1940s

1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Higgs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Command Economy ◽  
First Time ◽  
The U.S

Relying on standard measures of macroeconomic performance, historians and economists believe that “war prosperity” prevailed in the United States during World War II. This belief is ill-founded, because it does not recognize that the United States had a command economy during the war. From 1942 to 1946 some macroeconomic performance measures are statistically inaccurate; others are conceptually inappropriate. A better grounded interpretation is that during the war the economy was a huge arsenal in which the well-being of consumers deteriorated. After the war genuine prosperity returned for the first time since 1929.

scholarly journals Education on the Roma Genocide in the Second World War in the Republic of Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
Danijel Vojak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Education System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State And Local ◽  
War Victims ◽  
Second World

The Roma population has been living in Croatian territories for more than six centuries and during that period was mostly persecuted by state and local authorities who sought to assimilate them. Such antigypsyism political practice was not unique only for the Croatian territory but was practiced in most other European countries. After World War II there was no commemoration and recognition of Roma victims in most European countries, including socialist Croatia (Yugoslavia). Such marginalization of the culture of remembrance of Roma war victims was reflected in the lack of education on this subject in the Croatian education system, where it is mostly mentioned in only a few words. The paper focuses on the analysis of how the issue of Roma suffering in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and Europe is (un)integrated into the Croatian education system.

scholarly journals Niemiecka droga do demokracji i gospodarki rynkowej jako przykład dla państw Europy Wschodniej

2017 ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Martin Dahl
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Political System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
World War ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Democratic Political System

The German experience with democracy and the market economy can be particularly valuable for other European countries for at least two reasons. Firstly, after World War II, the Germans effectively and permanently managed to enter the democratic political system based on the market economy. Initially, the economy was implemented only in the western part of the country and since 1990 all over the country. Secondly, after the collapse of the former Soviet bloc, Central European countries greatly benefited from German political solutions. This means that in favourable conditions, these experiences can be a valuable source of inspiration for other countries, especially those in Eastern Europe.This study is a result of research conducted in 2016 as part of the project ‘Germany and Russia in a multipolar international order. Strategic vision and potential alliances’ with the support of the Foundation for Polish-German Cooperation. It consists of four parts. Part I is an introduction to the issues analysed. Part II shows the genesis and characteristics of the democratic political system of Germany. Part III contains an analysis of the German experience with the implementation of the market economy. In Part IV, the author presents his conclusions of how and to what extent Eastern European countries can use the German experience in reforming their political systems and what conditions they would have to meet.

Tuberculosis in Southern European Countries and the Balkans before, during, and after World War II

2018 ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Giorgia Sulis ◽  
Lia DʼAmbrosio ◽  
Rosella Centis ◽  
Raquel Duarte ◽  
José-María García-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Southern European Countries

scholarly journals World War II in modern interpretations of Russian and Polish politicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Boris Valentinovich Petelin ◽  
Vladilena Vadimovna Vorobeva
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
World War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

In the political circles of European countries attempts to reformat the history of World War II has been continuing. Poland is particularly active; there at the official level, as well as in the articles and in the speeches of politicians, political scientists and historians crude attacks against Russia for its commitment to objective assessments of the military past are allowed. Though, as the authors of this article mention, Russian politicians have not always been consistent in evaluation of Soviet-Polish relationships, hoping to reach a certain compromise. If there were any objections, they were mostly unconvincing. Obviously, as the article points, some statements and speeches are not without emotional colouring that is characteristic, when expressing mutual claims. However, the deliberate falsification of historical facts and evidence, from whatever side it occurs, does not meet the interests of the Polish and Russian peoples, in whose memory the heroes of the Red Army and the Polish Resistance have lived and will live. The authors point in the conclusions that it is hard to achieve mutual respect to key problems of World War II because of the overlay of the 18th – 19th centuries, connected with the “partitions of Poland”, the existence of the “Kingdom of Poland” as part of the Russian Empire, Soviet-Polish War of 1920. There can be only one way out, as many Russian and Polish scientists believe – to understand the complex twists and turns of Russo-Polish history, relying on the documents. Otherwise, the number of pseudoscientific, dishonest interpretations will grow.

From American Exceptionalism to the Great Compression

2021 ◽  
pp. 323-350
Author(s):  
Jon D. Wisman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time

The United States was an anomaly, beginning without clear class distinctions and with substantial egalitarian sentiment. Inexpensive land meant workers who were not enslaved were relatively free. However, as the frontier closed and industrialization took off after the Civil War, inequality soared and workers increasingly lost control over their workplaces. Worker agitation led to improved living standards, but gains were limited by the persuasiveness of the elite’s ideology. The hardships of the Great Depression, however, significantly delegitimated the elite’s ideology, resulting in substantially decreased inequality between the 1930s and 1970s. Robust economic growth following World War II and workers’ greater political power permitted unparalleled improvements in working-class living standards. By the 1960s, for the first time in history, a generation came of age without fear of dire material privation, generating among many of the young a dramatic change in values and attitudes, privileging social justice and self-realization over material concerns.

Combating the “Gimme More” Mindset in Modern Classrooms

2016 ◽  
pp. 734-746
Author(s):  
Marian Evelyn Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
World War ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Core Issue

A primary goal of this chapter is to explore the phenomenon of increased attitudes and behaviors of entitlement among youth in modern America. With a basis that the increase is a result of social mindset shifts of post-World War II America, instances of the “Gimme More” mindset will be explored using qualitative research methodology stemming from the author's experiences and research as an educator. Moreover, the author will provide ways in which educators can combat this character-threatening mentality and help develop more accountable and empathetic citizens despite grade level, race, socio-economic status, and other elements that sometimes detract from a core issue and diverge from individual choice. This explanation will cover ideas that, if reflected accurately and consistently, can transcend to the human race, not certain races by exclusion or exception. While issues of intersectionality must be understood and discussed, they are not widely addressed in this chapter, and they do not ultimately thwart ambitions of global citizenship in the context that is explored here.

The Geopolitics of the Dollar

Worldview ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Novak
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Yen ◽  
First Time ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The U.S

A crucial turning point in geopolitical history occurred on November 1, 1978, when President Carter announced a massive borrowing of foreign currencies to save the U.S. dollar. For the first time since World War II the U.S. was forced to borrow from the International Monetary Fund; and for the first time since 1893 the U.S. Treasury will have to issue bonds denominated in foreign monies—in this case Japanese yen, West German marks, and Swiss francs.What all this means is that the U.S. has acknowledged two things: that the European Economic Community (the EEC) and Japan are now its economic equals; and that America has forfeited the international economic supremacy it enjoyed since 1915.

The New Federalists

Worldview ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Donald F. Keys
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
World War ◽  
New Federalism ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

The movement for a governed world has undergone a mutation recently and shows signs of again becoming an important factor in the intellectual and political worlds—for the first time since the early 1950's. The new federalism, or, if you like, neo-federalism, is no less idealistic than the old, but the time scales are different and the policies more pragmatic.Organizations and movements are not the same thing. The movement for a federated world really got under way immediately following World War II, and at first there was a high degree of congruency between the United World Federalists and the movement.

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