Reterritorializing Persepolis in the First English Travellers’ Accounts

Taking its cue from Maurice Halbwachs’s concept of collective memory, Pierre Nora’s memory sites, and Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of reterritorialization, this chapter considers some early modern European responses to the classically received Eastern site of Persepolis. Focusing more particularly on a sequential treatment of the published accounts left by the first three English travellers reported to have visited the ruins of Persepolis, it analyses how each of them builds on templates left by his predecessors while gradually adjusting to receding biblical preoccupations, emergent antiquarianism, and the takeover of the aesthetics of seventeenth-century classicism.

Hydrogen isotopes in phlogopite indicate crustal fluids in the UG2 chromitite layer, Bushveld Complex

<p>The Upper Group 2 (UG2) chromitite layer in the upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, is the world’s largest PGE orebody. The UG2 is typically 0.5 to 1.5 m thick and it consists of 75–90 modal % chromite with interstitial silicate and sulfide minerals. Although a minor component, phlogopite is important because it is a hydrous phase. It has been noted that the UG2 chromitite contains more abundant phlogopite (locally > 1 modal %) than the surrounding pyroxenite layers (Mathez and Mey, 2005). More and more studies suggest that water plays an important role in the UG2 chromite formation and in PGE enrichment or remobilization (e.g., Li et al., 2004; Mathez and Mey, 2005; Schannor et al., 2018). The source of the water is controversial, and this motivated our ongoing study of hydrous minerals in the UG2.</p><p>We determined the chemical composition and hydrogen isotope ratio of phlogopite from the chromitite layer and from the surrounding pyroxenite in drill cores from two sites the eastern and western Bushveld (Nkwe and Khuseleka, respectively). The δD values of phlogopite in chromitite from the eastern site are -38.2 to -25.5‰ (mean = -29.7‰, n = 6). The corresponding values from the western site are similar, with -34.6 to -31.6‰ (mean = -33.2‰, n = 6). The δD values of phlogopite from pyroxenite are more variable, ranging from -43.1 to -26.1‰ for the eastern site (mean = -32.9‰, n = 4) and from -38.7 to -26.1‰ for the western site (mean = -31.7‰, n = 3).</p><p>Published whole-rock δD values for silicate cumulate rocks in the upper Critical Zone are -93 to -55‰ (Mathez et al., 1994), which are similar to mantle values (-70±10%; Boettcher and O'neil, 1980) and are interpreted as magmatic.  In comparison, our δD values of phlogopite from UG2 are much higher and suggest a significant contribution of crustal fluids. Harris and Chaumba (2001) estimated a δD value of -22‰ for paleo-meteoric water in the Bushveld Complex. Given the relative homogeneity of the phlogopite δD data in both sites of the complex, and the primary appearance of the grains in thin section, we argue that the crustal fluids were incorporated in the magma before the crystallization of the UG2 layer. Triple oxygen isotopes will test our hypothesis further.</p><p> </p><p>References: Boettcher & O'neil (1980) Amer. Jour. Sci. 280A, 594–621. Harris & Chaumba (2001) J. Petrol. 42, 1321–1347. Li et al. (2004) Econ. Geol. 99, 173–184. Mathez et al. (1994) Econ. Geol. 89, 791–802. Mathez & Mey (2005) Econ. Geol. 100, 1616–1630. Schannor et al. (2018) Chem. Geol. 485, 100–112.</p>

Using the ARIS software platform for automating business process modeling of «Russian railways»

Applying a process approach to optimizing the operation of individual elements of JSC «Russian Railways» will increase the efficiency of the railway industry. We used this method to optimize the operation of the Eastern polygon, which includes four Railways. Process, organizational and functional models are built in the BM automated control system, which is developed on the basis of the ARIS software. The construction process of the Eastern polygon is made in the following order: organizational model of the Eastern site is built; association of the submission of the structures to each other is determined; the organizational model of work of the directorates and services is built, accompanied by models of their functions. The organizational and functional features of the centers for organizing the work of railway stations (DCS), which are engaged in organizing the work of stations that are subordinate to them, are considered. The next step is to build station processes, without which it is impossible to show a complete level-by-level formation of a complex process model for the organization and functioning of the polygon. The optimization is based on a low-level process that affects the overall performance if the technology is applied at all stations in the landfill where the train is attended. For a detailed study and construction of a lower-level model, the Karymskaya station of the Trans-Baikal railway is considered, the stable functioning of which is very important for the efficiency of the entire Eastern polygon. Models of the technology of technical and commercial inspection of transit trains at the station are based on the standard rules for these types of work in force in JSC «Russian Railways». Duplicate operations are identified and measures aimed at optimizing the process model of the lower level - the operation of the station with transit trains are proposed to eliminate them.

Climate associated genetic variation in Fagus sylvatica and potential responses to climate change in the French Alps

ABSTRACTLocal adaptation patterns have been found in many plants and animals, highlighting the genetic heterogeneity of species along their range of distribution. In the next decades, global warming must induce a change in the selective pressures that drive this adaptive variation, forcing a reshuffling of the underlying adaptive allele distributions. For species with low dispersion capacity and long generation time such as trees, the rapidity of the change could imped the migration of beneficial alleles and lower their capacity to track the changing environment. Identifying the main selective pressures driving the adaptive genetic variation is thus necessary when investigating species capacity to respond to global warming. In this study, we investigate the adaptive landscape of Fagus sylvatica along a gradient of populations in the French Alps. Using a ddRAD-seq approach, we identified 7,000 SNPs from 570 individuals across 36 different sites. An RDA-derived method allowed us to identify several SNPs that were strongly associated with climatic gradients; moreover, we defined the primary selective gradients along the natural populations of F. sylvatica in the Alps. Strong effects of elevation and humidity, which contrast north-western and south-eastern site, were found and were believed to be important drivers of genetic adaptation. Finally, simulations of future genetic landscapes that used these findings predicted a severe range contraction and a shift towards higher altitudes for F. sylvatica in the Alps and allowed to identify populations at risk, which could be helpful for future management plans.

ON TWO PARTIALLY KNOWN SPECIES OF THE GENUS GAMMARUS LEACH 1813/14 (FAM. GAMMARIDAE) FROM ASIA MINOR (TURKEY) (CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE AMPHIPODA 304)

Two only partially known species of the family Gammaridae (Crustacea Amphipoda), Gammarus werneri (S. Karaman 1934) and Gammarus paraorientalis G. Kar. (new comb.) are treated. Rivulogammarus kesslerianus werneri ssp. n. has been shortly described by S. Karaman (1934) from Iznik (Asia Minor, NE Turkey) and later considered synonym of Gammarus balcanicus Schäferna 1922 (G. Karaman, 2003).Based on detailed study of holotype and one more recent sample of the same species from Iznik, this species is redescribed, figured and elevated to the species rank, Gammarus werneri (S. Karaman, 1934), belonging to Gammarus balcanicus Complex,Rivulogammarus balcanicus orientalis ssp. n. has been described by S. Karaman (1934) from Derbend [eastern site of Erdschias- dag (=Erciyas-dagi), Asia Minor (Turkey)]. Recently this species was redescribed and figured as distinct species, Gammarus orientalis (S. Karaman, 1934) from type locality and adjacent localities (G. Karaman, 2017). The new study showed that the name Gammarus orientalis is “nomen preoccupatum”, because the species under the same name has been described by Dana (1852) from Sundai, and new name for G. orientalis from Iznik is proposed, Gammarus paraorientalis G. Kar. (new name).

Analysis of patterns of the open-pit mine water influx formation in the conditions of the Inhulets iron ore deposit using a three-dimensional geofiltration model

The purpose is to study the patterns of groundwater influxe formation within the north-eastern side of the Private Joint-Stock Company “Inhuletskyi hirnycho-zbahachuvalnyi kombinat” (PJSC INHZK) open-pit mine in the conditions of disturbed hydrodynamic regime of the eastern adjacent side of the open-pit mine by the developed three-dimensional geofiltration model. The patterns have been determined of the open-pit mine water influx formation on the basis of a complex analysis of the actual data related to geological and hydrogeological structure of the iron ore deposit, the intensity and character of groundwater influx within the eastern side of the open-pit mine, and the results of numerical simulation of geofiltrational processes. By the results of inverse problems solutions, the geofiltration model reflects adequately the geological, hydrogeological, and geotechnical conditions of the studied territory where the technogenically disturbed hydrodynamic regime have been formed; the calculated values of the open-pit mine water influx within the eastern side of the open-pit mine and its north-eastern site, have been determined. It has been found that the values of groundwater influx and their distribution within the eastern side of the open-pit mine and its north-eastern site depend on the manner of the water-permeable alluvial strata occurrence on the eroded surface of seat clays, and the existence of a technogenic aquifer near the rock-disposal dump base at the adjacent site of the open-pit mine. The results of this research form the basis for a substantiation of technical solutions for dewatering the north-eastern side of the PJSC INHZK open-pit mine in the conditions of further development of mining operations, and for determining the hydrodynamic parameters of dewatering facilities.

Numerical Investigation of Wind Waves in the Persian Gulf: Bathymetry Effects

The effects of bathymetry on the process of wind-wave generation in the Persian Gulf have been investigated using a long-term hindcasting analysis. A 5-yr (2004–08) hindcasting procedure is first performed (denoted as origin) by using the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model and COAMPS wind field data. Two alternative scenarios, in which wave breaking (noBrek) and depth-induced refraction (noRefc) are deactivated, are also generated. By comparing the results from alternative cases with those from the ordinary cases, a 5-yr total energy deviation (TED) is calculated and presented as seasonal contour maps depicting the sensitivity to bathymetry. The results show only ±2% TED found in noBrek, but up to ±20% TED found in noRefc, an order of magnitude larger than depth-induced breaking. Similarly, the seasonal effects of refraction on the nearshore wave-propagating directions can be investigated by comparison between origin and noRefc. The seasonal histograms of mean wave angle are plotted and discussed for three selected nearshore sites around Qatar, located at the western, northern, and eastern sides of the peninsula. The largest relative occurrence percentage and the largest peak shift ranging in 10°–20° can be found at the northern side, while the eastern side results in a weaker and more random distribution in the winter (the strong shamal season) due to the leeside location. The effect of fetch-limited wind-wave generation is also present at the eastern site, as remotely generated waves propagating eastward over a long fetch toward this site offset southward-propagating waves generated by dominant winds from the north over a limited fetch.

The Impacts of Decreasing Paddy Field Area on Local Climate in Central Java, Indonesia

This article is discussing the impacts of land cover change from paddy field to barren land in small scale area (1,516.5 km2), on the surrounding local climate components in central Java, Indonesia. Data of several climate components from 2000-2010 were collected from weather stations that located separately. The land covers were dominated with cropland and little forest on eastern site, and settlements (urban) on western site. This study confirmed that the decrease in 13.1% of paddy field and the increase in 12.4% of barren land had significantly resulted in low daily actual vapor pressure (ea) during dry months with low rainfalls. The eastern areas that were originally occupied by croplands and trees, responded to the decrease of paddy fields by the increasing of air temperatures. The air temperatures and their variations at urban areas located in the western part were not distinctly affected by the land cover change.