subsyndromal delirium
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Author(s):  
Elzbieta Klimiec-Moskal ◽  
Agnieszka Slowik ◽  
Tomasz Dziedzic

Abstract Background Post-stroke delirium has a negative impact on functional outcome. We explored if there is any association between delirium, subsyndromal delirium and long-term mortality after ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack. Methods We included 564 patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. We assessed symptoms of delirium during the first 7 days after admission. We used Cox proportional hazards models to analyse all-cause mortality during the first 5 years after stroke. Results We diagnosed delirium in 23.4% and subsyndromal delirium in 10.3% of patients. During the follow-up, 72.7% of patients with delirium, 51.7% of patients with subsyndromal delirium and 22.7% of patients without delirious symptoms died (P < 0.001). Patients with subsyndromal delirium and delirium had higher risk of death in the multivariate analysis (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.11–2.68, P = 0.016 and HR 3.30, 95% CI 2.29–4.76, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Post-stroke delirium is associated with long-term mortality. Patients with subsyndromal delirium are at the intermediate risk of death.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255607
Author(s):  
Maya Kanno ◽  
Mana Doi ◽  
Kazumi Kubota ◽  
Yuka Kanoya

Postoperative delirium (POD) and subsyndromal delirium (SSD) among older patients is a common, serious condition associated with a high incidence of negative outcomes. However, there are few accurate methods for the early detection of POD and SSD in surgical wards. This study aimed to identify risk factors of POD and SSD in older patients who were scheduled for surgery in a surgical ward. This was a prospective observational study. Study participants were older than 65 years, underwent urology surgery, and were hospitalized in the surgical ward between April and September 2019. Delirium symptoms were assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) on the preoperative day, the day of surgery, and postoperative days 1–3 by the surgical ward nurses. SSD was defined as the presence of one or more CAM criteria and the absence of a diagnosis of delirium based on the CAM algorithm. Personal characteristics, clinical data, cognitive function, physical functions, laboratory test results, medication use, type of surgery and anesthesia, and use of physical restraint and bed sensor were collected from medical records. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors for both POD and SSD. A total of 101 participants (mean age 74.9 years) were enrolled; 19 (18.8%) developed POD (n = 4) and SSD (n = 15). The use of bed sensors (odds ratio 10.2, p = .001) was identified as a risk factor for both POD and SSD. Our findings suggest that the use of bed sensors might be related to the development of both POD and SSD among older patients in surgical wards.


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Hosam El-Din Ibrahim ◽  
Manal Elmasry ◽  
Fady Nagy ◽  
Ahmed Abdelghani

Abstract Background Delirium is a common geriatric problem associated with poor outcomes. Subsyndromal delirium (SSD) is characterized by the presence of certain symptoms of delirium yet, not satisfying the definition of full-blown delirium, defined by categorical elements, and is usually referred to as the presence of one or more symptoms in the confusion assessment method (CAM). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of delirium and SSD in older adults admitted to the hospital. Five hundred eighty-eight elderly (above 65 years) Egyptian patients were recruited from January 2019 to February 2020. After explaining the purpose of the study and assuring the confidentiality of all participants, an informed consent was obtained from the participant or a responsible care giver for those who were not able to give consent. All patients were subjected ‘on admission’ to thorough history taking, clinical examination, and comprehensive geriatric assessment including confusion assessment tools, mini-mental state examination, and functional assessment using Barthel index score. Results The current study showed that 19.6% of patients had delirium and 14.1% of patients had SSD with combined prevalence of 33.7%. Most common causes included metabolic, infection, organic brain syndrome, and dehydration. The current study reported significant proportionate relation between cognitive assessment and functional ability, so patients with a score of 23 MMSE had good functional ability, while cognitive assessment using mini-mental score shows inversed relation to delirium and SSD using CAM score. Conclusion Delirium is independently associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes, including an increase in mortality, length of hospital stay, discharge to an institution, and functional decline on discharge. Subsyndromal delirium (SSD) is characterized by the presence of certain symptoms of delirium, not yet satisfying the definition of full-blown delirium but it can identify patients with early cognitive and functional disabilities, and because of high prevalence of delirium and SSD. Efforts to prevent or early detection may identify patients who warrant clinical attention.


2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Mailhot ◽  
Sylvie Cossette ◽  
Marc-André Maheu-Cadotte ◽  
Guillaume Fontaine ◽  
André Y. Denault

Drugs & Aging ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark James Rawle ◽  
Laura McCue ◽  
Elizabeth L. Sampson ◽  
Daniel Davis ◽  
Victoria Vickerstaff

Abstract Background Anticholinergic burden (ACB) is associated with an increased risk of delirium in the older population outside of the acute hospital setting. In acute settings, delirium is associated with increased mortality, and this association is greater with full syndromal delirium (FSD) than with subsyndromal delirium (SSD). Little is known about the impact of ACB on delirium prevalence or subtype in hospitalized older adults or the impact on mortality in this population. Objectives Our objectives were to determine whether ACB moderates associations between the subtype of delirium experienced by hospitalized older adults and to explore factors (including ACB) that might moderate consequent associations between delirium and mortality in hospital inpatients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 784 older adults with unplanned admission to a North London acute medical unit between June and December 2007. Univariate regression analyses were performed to explore associations between ACB, as represented by the Anticholinergic Burden Scale (ACBS), delirium subtype (FSD vs. SSD), and mortality. Results The mean age of the sample was 83 ± standard deviation (SD) 7.4 years, and the majority of patients were female (59%), lived in their own homes (71%), were without dementia (75%), and died between hospital admission and the end of the 2-year follow-up period (59%). Mean length of admission was 13.2 ± 14.4 days. Prescription data revealed an ACBS score of 1 in 26% of the cohort, of 2 in 12%, and of ≥ 3 in 16%. The mean total ACBS score for the cohort was 1.1 ± 1.4 (range 0–9). Patients with high ACB on admission were more likely to have severe dementia, to have multiple comorbidities, and to live in residential care. Higher ACB was not associated with delirium of either subtype in hospitalized older adults. Delirium itself was associated with increased mortality, and greater associations were seen in FSD (hazard ratio [HR] 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70–3.01) than in SSD (HR 1.58; 95% CI 1.2–2.09); however, ACB had no impact on this relationship. Conclusions ACB was not found to be associated with increased delirium of either subtype or to have a demonstrable impact on mortality in delirium. Prior suggestions of links between ACB and mortality in similar populations may be mediated by higher levels of functional dependence, greater levels of residential home residence, or an increased prevalence of dementia in this population.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Kanno ◽  
Mana Doi ◽  
Kazumi Kubota ◽  
Yuka Kanoya

Abstract Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) among older patients is a common, serious disease and is associated with a high incidence of negative outcomes. For early detection of POD and subsyndromal delirium (SSD), this study was conducted to identify risk factors of POD and SSD in older patients who were scheduled for surgery in a surgical ward.Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Study participants were older than 65 years, underwent urology surgery, and were hospitalized in the surgical ward between April and September 2019. Both POD and SSD were assessed by using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) on the preoperative day, the day of surgery, and postoperative days 1–3 by the surgical ward nurses. SSD was defined as the presence of one or more CAM criteria and the absence of a diagnosis of delirium based on the CAM algorithm. Personal characteristics, clinical data, cognitive function, physical functions, laboratory test results, medication use, type of surgery and anesthesia, and use of physical restraint were collected from medical records. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors for POD and SSD.Results: A total of 101 participants (mean age 74.9 years) were enrolled; 19 (18.8%) developed POD and SSD. The use of bed sensors (odds ratio 10.2, p=.001) were identified as risk factors for POD and SSD.Conclusions: Our study shows that the use of bed sensors might be related to the development of POD and SSD among older patients in surgical wards.


2020 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
José G. Franco ◽  
Paula T. Trzepacz ◽  
Esteban Sepúlveda ◽  
María V. Ocampo ◽  
Juan D. Velásquez-Tirado ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Kanno ◽  
Mana Doi ◽  
Kazumi Kubota ◽  
Yuka Kanoya

Abstract Background Postoperative delirium (POD) among older patients is a common, serious disease and is associated with a high incidence of negative outcomes. For early detection of POD and subsyndromal delirium (SSD), this study was conducted to identify risk factors of POD and SSD in older patients in a general ward who were scheduled for surgery. Methods This was a prospective observational study. Study participants were older than 65 years, underwent urology surgery, and were hospitalized in the general ward between April and September 2019. Both POD and SSD were assessed by using the Confusion Assessment Method on the preoperative day, the day of surgery, and postoperative days 1–3. Personal characteristics, clinical data, cognitive function, physical functions, laboratory test results, medication use, type of surgery and anesthesia, and use of restraints were collected from medical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors for POD and SSD. Results A total of 101 participants (mean age 74.9 years) were enrolled; 19 (18.8%) developed POD and SSD. The use of bed sensors (odds ratio 10.2, p = .001) and preoperative level of C-reactive protein (CRP; odds ratio 1.5, p = .054) were identified as risk factors for POD and SSD. Conclusions POD and SSD among older patients in general wards were related to bed sensor use and the preoperative CRP level. Therefore, this study suggests that in order prevent POD and SSD for older patients in general wards, it is necessary to avoid bed sensor use as restraints and to assess the preoperative CRP level.


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