MODELING OF ATOMIC SYSTEMS AND POSITIONING OF ELEMENTS OF NOBLE GASES OF THE PERIODIC TABLE BY PROPORTIONAL DIVISION METHOD

This paper studies regularities of proportional division, on the basis of which we show the possibility of effective application of the golden section method to modeling regularities of atomic systems and positioning of elements of noble gases of the periodic table. It is illustrated that by partial reconstruction of the Mendeleev tables, the elements of noble gases can be arranged along lines whose slope tangents in the coordinate system “the atomic number – the relative atomic mass” are in close agreement with the sequence of inverse Fibonacci numbers. It was shown that given the correct slope of axes, slope tangents of the corresponding lines does not change.

Terahertz Spectral Properties of 5-Substituted Uracils

Applications of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in the fields of chemistry and biomedicine have recently received increased attention. Specifically, THz-TDS is particularly effective for the identification of alkaloid molecules, because it can distinguish the vibration types of base molecules in the THz band and provide a direct characteristic spectrum for the configuration and conformation of biomolecules. However, when THz-TDS technology is used to identify alkaloid molecules, most of them are concentrated in the 0.1–3.0 THz band, limiting the amount of information that can be obtained. In this work, a wide-spectrum THz-TDS system was independently built to explore the absorption spectra of uracil and its 5-substituents in the range of 1.3–6.0 THz. We found that, in the THz band, uracil and its 5-substituents have similar absorption peaks near 4.9 and 3.3 THz, while the 5-substituents have an additional absorption peak in the range of 1.5–2.5 THz. This absorption peak is red-shifted as the relative atomic mass of the 5-substituted atoms increases. Gaussian software was adopted to calculate the absorption spectra of the samples. The simulation conclusions were in good agreement with the experimental results, revealing that the vibration of the base molecule at low frequencies can be attributed to the inter-molecular vibration. This work demonstrates that THz-TDS technology can be used to accurately identify biomolecules with similar molecular structures, reflecting the importance of molecular structure in biological activity.

Standard Atomic Weight of Lead Revised

Following the recent publication of the IUPAC Technical Report on the variation of lead isotopic composition and atomic weight in terrestrial materials [1], the IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW) is recommending changes to the standard atomic weight (i.e. relative atomic mass) of lead:

SORBENT-BASED METHOD OF SOILS DETOXIFICATION FROM HEAVY METALS

The sorbent-based method is one of the key methods for solving the problem of limiting the mobility of pollutants and the effective implementation of reclamation works. Despite the level of knowledge of the problem, the use of the sorbent-based method is of a fragmented experimental nature. Objective: to study the experience of implementing the sorbent-based method for the adsorption of heavy metals in order to determine the most promising compositions of sorbents for further research work on their improvement. Methods: General scientific methods were used, such as dialectical, historical, analysis, synthesis, comparison, grouping, as well as systematic and empirical approaches. Results: The presence of pluralism of definitions in relation to the term “heavy metals”was revealed. The main criterion for attribution is the relative atomic mass of more than 50 g/mol. An additional criterion is the density, which is approximately equal to or greater than the density of iron (rounded 8 g / cm3). There are other classifications that rely on threshold density or atomic mass values. It is proved that the main role of the immobilization of heavy metals is their transfer to new, more geochemical stable phases by sorption, precipitation, and complex formation processes. The widespread use of the sorbent-based method, which solves the problem of converting heavy metals into a sedentary form and difficult-to-dissolve compounds, has been identified. It is revealed that an important process affecting the mobility of heavy metals in the soil is their fixation with humus. It is established that rocks and minerals have pronounced sorption properties. The most common rocks are clays. They are characterized by a significant sorption capacity and a high specific surface area. In order to increase the sorption properties, the materials can be subjected to various modifications. Peat occupies a special place among effective natural sorbents. The development of technologies for the creation and use of new sorbents made from industrial waste is a promising direction. A method of remediation based on the use of ameliorants–stabilizers of heavy metals has been developed: among the mineral elements of the solid phase, fine clay and ferrous minerals are isolated; compost and manure are often used as organic stabilizers. The possibility of rerational use of industrial waste components as meliorants-stabilizers of heavy metals is investigated, and the sediments of water treatment at filtration stations are of interest in this regard. The remediation potential of water treatment sediments can be enhanced by joint application with natural or modified peat.

Mass and Energy Densities of the Cosmos

Fundamental principles of classical (Newtonian) physics are employed to probe the cosmological lambda Λ; it yields the values ρvac = 2.61 x 10-39 g cm-3 and Λ = 4.87 x 10-66 cm-2. It is revealed that Λ is a fundamental physical constant defined by vacuum density-light speed ρvacc2 correlation. However, the constant accelerates along the groups and periods of a universal spatial periodicity equivalent to the chemical periodicity. Previous results are cited to show that chemical elements are quantum harmonic (periodic) oscillators QHOs and their waveform oscillations exclusively define the vacuum field. The cosmological periodic unit CPU is introduced, it relies on the cosmological principle to argue that a relative physical quantity evaluated for the QHO applies to constituents of corresponding cosmological spatial quanta. Compelling evidences, backed with relevant data and quantitative expressions, are presented to argue that: there was never a big bang, it is a Linde-universe sans “chaotic”; nature posts no singularity; mass does not curve spacetime, neither does metric space curvature trace directly to gravitation nor particle creation, gravity is classical, not quantum; reality is quadri-phasic not mono-phasic with a clear distinction between the atomic waveform defined with absolute atomic mass and condensed matter defined with relative atomic mass; every chemical element exists in three particle-generations thus, dark matter is invisible form (conjugate) of the visible element, its waveform manifests dark energy, it is not implicated in metric space expansion; Planck scale does not exist, radioactivity constrains fundamental length to atomic radius of the heaviest element.

Mass and Energy Densities of the Cosmos

Fundamental principles of classical (Newtonian) physics are employed to probe the cosmological lambda Λ; it yields the values ρvac = 2.61 x 10-39 g cm-3 and Λ = 4.78 x 10-62. The results reveal that Λ is a fundamental physical constant defined by vacuum density-light speed ρvacc2 correlation. However, the constant accelerates along the groups and periods of a universal spatial periodicity equivalent to the chemical periodicity. Previous results are cited to show that chemical elements are quantum harmonic (periodic) oscillators QHOs and their waveform oscillations exclusively define the vacuum field. A cosmological periodic unit CPU is introduced, it relies on the cosmological principle to argue that a relative physical quantity evaluated for the QHO applies to constituents of corresponding cosmological spatial quanta. Compelling evidences, backed with relevant data and quantitative expressions, are then presented to argue that: there was never a big bang, it is a Linde-universe sans “chaotic”; nature posts no singularity; mass does not curve spacetime, neither does metric space curvature trace directly to gravitation nor particle creation, gravity is classical, not quantum; reality is quadri-phasic not mono-phasic with a clear distinction between the atomic waveform defined with absolute atomic mass and condensed matter defined with relative atomic mass; every chemical element exists in three particle-generations thus, dark matter is invisible form (conjugate) of the visible element, its waveform manifests dark energy, it is not implicated in metric space expansion; Planck scale does not exist, radioactivity constrains fundamental length.

Identification of Students Misconception Using Two-Tier Diagnostic Test Completed with Certainty of Response Index (CRI) on Topic Partial Salt Hydrolysis

<p>This study’s aim was to find misconception pattern on partial salt hydrolysis on eleventh grade student science major at SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo. Misconception was identified using two-tier diagnostic test completed with CRI supported by observation on learning process also interview. Two-tier diagnostic test composed of 16 questions. The approach of this study was qualitative description which was held in February-June 2018. The subject of this study were the eleventh grade students class IPA 1 and IPA 4 as many as 72 students. According to the result showed that there was misconception on almost every concept’s part. Based on the student answer analysis result shows if the pH, relative atomic mass, and volume were known student were having biggest misconception on counting salt’s mass are, 75%. The reason of misconception that occurs on partial salt hydrolysis is come from the student it self that is student’s uncomplete reasoning pattern.</p>

INSTRUMEN TES ISLAM KIMIA (ITIK) UNTUK MENDETEKSI PEMAHAMAN LEVEL MIKROSKOPIS MATERI AIR

The study aims to develop instrument to measurethe level of understanding of students and microscopic level material phase changes of water. The method used is R&D (Research and Development) Borg and Gall, which have procedure were are following step (1) Need assessment/ Plan (2) Design product/ Organization (3) Created product/ implementation. Implementation with one shot design study with samples used a number of 71 students of 10th grade MA Wahid Hasyim and senior high school MBS Yogyakarta. Indicators in the study is the movement and vibration of water particles, the distance between water particles, particle kinetic energy of water, relative atomic mass of water and hydrogen bonding. The results showed an understanding of chemica lmaterial microscopic level is low and spitual attitude as a nurturant effect is high categories.