Mass and Energy Densities of the Cosmos

Fundamental principles of classical (Newtonian) physics are employed to probe the cosmological lambda Λ; it yields the values ρvac = 2.61 x 10-39 g cm-3 and Λ = 4.87 x 10-66 cm-2. It is revealed that Λ is a fundamental physical constant defined by vacuum density-light speed ρvacc2 correlation. However, the constant accelerates along the groups and periods of a universal spatial periodicity equivalent to the chemical periodicity. Previous results are cited to show that chemical elements are quantum harmonic (periodic) oscillators QHOs and their waveform oscillations exclusively define the vacuum field. The cosmological periodic unit CPU is introduced, it relies on the cosmological principle to argue that a relative physical quantity evaluated for the QHO applies to constituents of corresponding cosmological spatial quanta. Compelling evidences, backed with relevant data and quantitative expressions, are presented to argue that: there was never a big bang, it is a Linde-universe sans “chaotic”; nature posts no singularity; mass does not curve spacetime, neither does metric space curvature trace directly to gravitation nor particle creation, gravity is classical, not quantum; reality is quadri-phasic not mono-phasic with a clear distinction between the atomic waveform defined with absolute atomic mass and condensed matter defined with relative atomic mass; every chemical element exists in three particle-generations thus, dark matter is invisible form (conjugate) of the visible element, its waveform manifests dark energy, it is not implicated in metric space expansion; Planck scale does not exist, radioactivity constrains fundamental length to atomic radius of the heaviest element.

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Mass and Energy Densities of the Cosmos

10.20944/preprints201909.0074.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ogaba Philip Obande

Keyword(s):

Metric Space ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Planck Scale ◽

Particle Creation ◽

Physical Constant ◽

Big Bang ◽

Atomic Mass ◽

Vacuum Field ◽

Newtonian Physics ◽

Relative Atomic Mass

Fundamental principles of classical (Newtonian) physics are employed to probe the cosmological lambda Λ; it yields the values ρvac = 2.61 x 10-39 g cm-3 and Λ = 4.78 x 10-62. The results reveal that Λ is a fundamental physical constant defined by vacuum density-light speed ρvacc2 correlation. However, the constant accelerates along the groups and periods of a universal spatial periodicity equivalent to the chemical periodicity. Previous results are cited to show that chemical elements are quantum harmonic (periodic) oscillators QHOs and their waveform oscillations exclusively define the vacuum field. A cosmological periodic unit CPU is introduced, it relies on the cosmological principle to argue that a relative physical quantity evaluated for the QHO applies to constituents of corresponding cosmological spatial quanta. Compelling evidences, backed with relevant data and quantitative expressions, are then presented to argue that: there was never a big bang, it is a Linde-universe sans “chaotic”; nature posts no singularity; mass does not curve spacetime, neither does metric space curvature trace directly to gravitation nor particle creation, gravity is classical, not quantum; reality is quadri-phasic not mono-phasic with a clear distinction between the atomic waveform defined with absolute atomic mass and condensed matter defined with relative atomic mass; every chemical element exists in three particle-generations thus, dark matter is invisible form (conjugate) of the visible element, its waveform manifests dark energy, it is not implicated in metric space expansion; Planck scale does not exist, radioactivity constrains fundamental length.

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The Pan-STARRS1 Static Sky: A Classical Physics Goldmine for Cosmology, Astrophysics and Atomic Physics

Applied Physics Research ◽

10.5539/apr.v9n6p75 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Ogaba Philip Obande

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Zero Point ◽

Big Bang ◽

Vacuum Field ◽

Cosmological Redshift ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Wave Particle Duality ◽

Fermionic Fields ◽

The Big Bang

Image of the entire sky, the “Static Sky” recently released to the public by scientists at the Pan-STARRS1 telescope in Hawaii is analyzed. It depicts, for the very first time, nature’s intrinsic wave-particle duality; the horizontal fine-grained darker envelope is nature’s waveform, i.e., the imponderable bosonic cosmic vacuum field, while the brighter coarser-grained vertical envelope belongs to aggregate radiation of visible and invisible particulate matter (fermionic) fields. Earlier investigations were cited to inform that: i) corresponding bosonic field envelope encloses every particulate matter exactly as shown in the Static Sky image; ii) reprocessing the image into a brighter shade reveals the vertical envelope to comprise three bands with diminishing brightness from the center attributed to three ref. frames or universes with common chemical periodicity in line with previous reports on the subject; iii) the visible universe is bifurcated, the effect gives rise to its proximate linear atomic mass growth rate as against logarithmic growth rates in the invisible universes; iv) the two main observational evidences supporting the Big Bang model are faulted on fundamental theoretical grounds which show that: a) cosmological redshift phenomena arise from axial not radial motion, the effect is created by the vacuum field parametric self-interaction Rhow/sigmaw = 8.5114 x 10-19 (m rad/s)-2 whose dimensional analysis yields the superluminal angular velocity vw = 4.709 x 108 m/s; b) the cosmic microwave background CMB radiation is classical zero-point radiation whose temperature easily evaluates from summation of bosonic transverse fields’ energies Ew/J = h w of the chemical elements, Tvac. = ∑_e^Am E_w /k = 3.675 x 10-23J/1.381 x 10-23 J/K = 1. 662 K; v) resolution of the vertical envelope into three bands of diminishing brightness indicates that material composition of the two invisible universes, i.e., “dark matter” is accessible with the techiques employed by the Pan-STARRS’ scientists.

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Atomic Mass: Origin, Units and Constants

Applied Physics Research ◽

10.5539/apr.v8n1p92 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

O. P. Obande

Keyword(s):

Particle Physics ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Atomic Mass ◽

Atomic Mass Unit ◽

Mass Unit ◽

Unit Energy ◽

Relative Atomic Mass ◽

Inherent Error ◽

Litmus Test

Absolute and relative atomic mass values are obtained in kg/atom, MeV, C, and u for the chemical elements. The results show that: (i) Absolute atomic mass value is, of course, given by the classical mass formula m = hϑ/c2; however, rotational speed per radius ω/r correlates with strain τ on the element’s intrinsic electromagnetic (e-m) transverse radiation to give the coefficient k whose value turns out to be atomic mass unit energy equivalent amu/eV = k = τ/(ω/r)½. (ii) Each component of the wave-particle doublet plays unique roles in atomic mass phenomenology; these roles readily account for H atom’s seeming fundamentality and preponderance of internal structures in virtually all particulate matter down to the electron. (iii) The mass constants amu/eV and amu/C are linear correlation coefficients of different dimensions of atomic units; the values are thus not specific to particular elements but obtainable from any element including the electron. (iv) The empirical expression e- = F/NA is incorrect; theoretically, charge q = mrF = mabsNAF. The error translates to values of NA, me, and e/me that are twenty orders of magnitude lower than theoretical values, e.g., e-theor. = 47.062 C c.f. e-lit. = 1.6022 x 10-19 C. It is posited that the charge determinants ω and τ, might be suppressed or virtually nullified in an external e-m environment above some threshold voltage. (v) The error reflects also in all empirical E/c2 values. A comparison of empirical and theoretical quantitative expressions for evaluating gravitational (gm) from electrostatic (E/c2) atomic mass shows that the former redeems the inherent error to retrieve proximate gm from E/c2 value. (vi) Given the current literature E/c2 values, the electron waveform mass does converge with the photon’s value, i.e., mw(e) ≅ mphoton. It is submitted, therefore, that particle physics has already struck matter’s fundamental unit in the photon mass, maybe unknowingly for lack of litmus test.

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A Classical Physics Approach for Space Expansion: The Hubble Drift

Applied Physics Research ◽

10.5539/apr.v13n2p39 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Ogaba Philip Obande

Keyword(s):

Metric Space ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Recent Observation ◽

Hubble Constant ◽

Zero Point ◽

Tangential Component ◽

Vacuum Field ◽

Point Energy ◽

New Creation ◽

Accelerating Expansion

Accelerating expansion of metric space AEMS is investigated with classical Newtonian mechanics. Relying on earlier positions, the results are analyzed to reveal what could be a new understanding of the theoretical framework of the subject. Notably, it is shown that space is physical; it comprises aggregated waveforms of the chemical elements and shares identical quantization, periodicity and mass-evolution with matter. Three plausible methods are identified for classical investigation of the Hubble effect, all three give same result, Ho= 49.5 km s-1Mpc. AEMS results from coupling of light’s 36.9o tangential component (vr=0.75rω) to periodic space, i.e., a component of the vacuum field’s e-m radiation couples to logarithmically decreasing distance scales, vr(E)/drE, to create an acceleration relative to space not time. Multiplicity of the Hubble constant aHo is traceable to corresponding multiplicity of universes nested within our universe. Mass ejection from a cosmic quantum envelope is the cosmic equivalence of radioactivity, it signals ageing and eventual disappearance of the host periodic envelope from visibility. Reality is an imperturbable (ideal) Steady-State, observations thought to invalidate this view are hugely misinterpreted, an explosion in or of spacetime marking the beginning of time could not conceivably sustain, over the aeons, an accelerating expansion of metric space; furthermore, the cosmic microwave background is the zero-point energy or vacuum radiation. The active galactic nucleus or black hole is not a singularity, it is a two-way valve that facilitates circulation of mass-energy matrices across the four phases or ref. frames of reality. There is no new creation of space or matter, only continuous recycling in line with NASA’s recent observation.

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Gravitational waves: A probe to the physics in the early universe

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x15450050 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (28n29) ◽

pp. 1545005

Author(s):

Qing-Guo Huang

Keyword(s):

Quantum Theory ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Early Universe ◽

Upper Bound ◽

Planck Scale ◽

Big Bang ◽

Planck Data ◽

Inflationary Scenario ◽

Fundamental Scale ◽

The Big Bang

Gravitational waves can escape from the big bang and can be taken as a probe to the physics, in particular the inflation, in the early universe. Planck scale is a fundamental scale for quantum theory of gravity. Requiring the excursion distance of inflaton in the field space during inflation yields an upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio. For example, [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. In the typical inflationary scenario, we predict [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which are consistent with Planck data released in 2015 quite well. Subtracting the contribution of thermal dust measured by Planck, BICEP2 data implies [Formula: see text] which is the tightest bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio from current experiments.

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relative atomic mass (atomic weight), Ar

IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology ◽

10.1351/goldbook.r05258 ◽

2008 ◽

Keyword(s):

Atomic Weight ◽

Atomic Mass ◽

Relative Atomic Mass

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O UNIVERSO VIVO

Revista da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais ◽

10.35699/2316-770x.2012.2718 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (1.2) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Francisco César de Sá Barreto ◽

Luiz Paulo Ribeiro Vaz ◽

Gabriel Armando Pellegatti Franco

Keyword(s):

Cosmological Model ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Big Bang ◽

Living System ◽

Irreversible Processes ◽

Thermodynamics Of Irreversible Processes ◽

Protons And Neutrons ◽

Standard Cosmological Model ◽

The Big Bang ◽

The Universe

The standard cosmological model suggests that after the “Big Bang”, 14 billion of years ago, the universe entered a period of expansion and cooling. In the first one millionth of a second appear quarks, glúons, electrons and neutrinos, followed by the appearance of protons and neutrons. In this paper, we describe the “cosmic battle” between gravitation and energy, responsible for the lighter chemical elements and the formation of the stars. We describe the thermodynamics of irreversible processes of systems which are far away from equilibrium, a route that is followed by the universe, seen as a living system.

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Phenomenological Implications of Modified Loop Cosmologies: An Overview

Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences ◽

10.3389/fspas.2021.701417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Bao-Fei Li ◽

Parampreet Singh ◽

Anzhong Wang

Keyword(s):

Initial Conditions ◽

Scale Effects ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Planck Scale ◽

Power Spectra ◽

Big Bang ◽

Hamiltonian Constraint ◽

Hybrid Approaches ◽

Effective Dynamics ◽

The Big Bang

In this paper, we first provide a brief review of the effective dynamics of two recently well-studied models of modified loop quantum cosmologies (mLQCs), which arise from different regularizations of the Hamiltonian constraint and show the robustness of a generic resolution of the big bang singularity, replaced by a quantum bounce due to non-perturbative Planck scale effects. As in loop quantum cosmology (LQC), in these modified models the slow-roll inflation happens generically. We consider the cosmological perturbations following the dressed and hybrid approaches and clarify some subtle issues regarding the ambiguity of the extension of the effective potential of the scalar perturbations across the quantum bounce, and the choice of initial conditions. Both of the modified regularizations yield primordial power spectra that are consistent with current observations for the Starobinsky potential within the framework of either the dressed or the hybrid approach. But differences in primordial power spectra are identified among the mLQCs and LQC. In addition, for mLQC-I, striking differences arise between the dressed and hybrid approaches in the infrared and oscillatory regimes. While the differences between the two modified models can be attributed to differences in the Planck scale physics, the permissible choices of the initial conditions and the differences between the two perturbation approaches have been reported for the first time. All these differences, due to either the different regularizations or the different perturbation approaches in principle can be observed in terms of non-Gaussianities.

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From cosmos to intelligent life: the four ages of astrobiology

International Journal of Astrobiology ◽

10.1017/s1473550412000237 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 345-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marcelo Gleiser

Keyword(s):

Chemical Elements ◽

Life Forms ◽

Big Bang ◽

Self Awareness ◽

First Stars ◽

History Of ◽

Life On Earth ◽

The Big Bang ◽

The Universe ◽

Intelligent Life

AbstractThe history of life on Earth and in other potential life-bearing planetary platforms is deeply linked to the history of the Universe. Since life, as we know, relies on chemical elements forged in dying heavy stars, the Universe needs to be old enough for stars to form and evolve. The current cosmological theory indicates that the Universe is 13.7 ± 0.13 billion years old and that the first stars formed hundreds of millions of years after the Big Bang. At least some stars formed with stable planetary systems wherein a set of biochemical reactions leading to life could have taken place. In this paper, I argue that we can divide cosmological history into four ages, from the Big Bang to intelligent life. The physical age describes the origin of the Universe, of matter, of cosmic nucleosynthesis, as well as the formation of the first stars and Galaxies. The chemical age began when heavy stars provided the raw ingredients for life through stellar nucleosynthesis and describes how heavier chemical elements collected in nascent planets and Moons gave rise to prebiotic biomolecules. The biological age describes the origin of early life, its evolution through Darwinian natural selection and the emergence of complex multicellular life forms. Finally, the cognitive age describes how complex life evolved into intelligent life capable of self-awareness and of developing technology through the directed manipulation of energy and materials. I conclude discussing whether we are the rule or the exception.

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Influence of Rear Earth Yb on the Specific Heat of Liquid Fe-Co-Yb Alloy

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1840 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 690-693 ◽

pp. 1840-1845 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wen Jing Yao ◽

Nan Wang ◽

Jeh Yun Lee

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Monte Carlo Method ◽

Specific Heat ◽

Atomic Radius ◽

Atomic Mass ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Thermophysical Parameters ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Complex Arrangement

By Monte Carlo method with EAM potentials, the specific heat of liquid Co50Fe50and Co48Fe48Th4alloys at different temperatures are obtained. The effect of Th on the thermophysical parameters is examined. Over the temperature range from 1400 to 2000 K, the specific heat decreases from to Jmol-1K-1after Th was added. It is the addition of Th element which has bigger atomic radius, larger atomic mass, and complex arrangement of extranuclear electron, leads to the reduced specific heat.

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