urease test
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Author(s):  
Mariana E. Maioli ◽  
Raquel F. N. Frange ◽  
Cintia M. C. Grion ◽  
Vinicius D. A. Delfino

Abstract Introduction: Treatment for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is recommended in transplant candidates due to the association between this infection and gastrointestinal disorders, which could significantly increase morbidity after renal transplantation with the use of immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to analyze the rate of eradication of H. pylori after antimicrobial treatment in chronic kidney disease patients who are candidates for kidney transplantation. Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted. All adult chronic kidney disease patients seen at our institution were included. In the pre-transplantation evaluation, 83 patients underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with 2 diagnostic methods to detect H. pylori: histology and the rapid urease test. In total, 33 patients with H. pylori infection received treatment with 20 mg omeprazole, 500 mg amoxicillin, and 500 mg clarithromycin once daily for 14 days. Another upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed 8 to 12 weeks after the end of treatment to check for healing. Results: The study showed a prevalence of H. pylori in 51 (61.4%) patients. Histology was positive in 50 (98%) patients and the rapid urease test was positive in 31 (60.8%). The infection eradication rate was 48.5% (16 patients). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence rate of H. pylori and a low eradication rate after the long-term antimicrobial triple scheme used. The association of the rapid urease test with gastric mucosa histology did not increase the detection rate of H. pylori.


2021 ◽  
Vol 507 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Đào Thanh ◽  
Trần Đỗ Hùng ◽  
Trần Thị Như Lê ◽  
Nguyễn Văn Lâm ◽  
Tạ Văn Trầm ◽  
...  

Đặt vấn đề: Tình trạng kháng clarithromycin đang gia tăng trên toàn thế giới và là nguyên nhân phổ biến nhất dẫn đến thất bại trong điều trị Helicobacter pylori. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: xác định tỷ lệ kháng clarithromycin của Helicobacter pylori ở bệnh nhân viêm, loét dày - tá tràng và mối liên quan giữa genotype và tình trạng kháng clarithromycin của Helicobacter pylori. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang được thực hiện trên các bệnh nhân viêm loét dạ dày tá tràng tại tỉnh Tiền Giang 5/2020 đến tháng 5/2021. Những bệnh nhân được phỏng vấn, khám lâm sàng, thu thập mẫu niêm mạc dạ dày tá tràng. Bệnh nhân được xác định nhiễm Helicobacter pylori khi có ít nhất 2 xét nghiệm nhuộm gram, urease test dương hoặc xét nghiệm nuôi cấy định danh dương tính với Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori được xác định kháng clarithromycin bằng kỹ thuật E-test và xác định genotype bằng kỹ thuật Realtime-PCR. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ đề kháng clarithromycin của vi khuẩn Helicobacter pylori trên bệnh nhân tham gia nghiên cứu là 77,3%. Nhóm bệnh nhân nhiễm chủng Helicobacter pylori mang genotype cagA(+) có tỷ lệ đề kháng kháng sinh cao hơn nhóm bệnh nhân nhiễm chủng Helicobacter pylori mang genotype cagA(-), với OR (KTC95%): 11,25 (1,11-114,37), p=0,024. Kết luận: bệnh nhân dương tính với Helicobacter pylori chủng cagA(+) nên được quan tâm đặc biệt do có khả năng đề kháng kháng sinh clarithromycin tăng cao.


Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Xueru Wang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jun Sun

Coccolithophores are involved in oceanic carbon and nitrogen cycles, and they also have an impact on global climate change. Chrysotila dentata have a complex and close relationship with phycosphere bacteria. In this study, culturable phycosphere bacteria (free-living bacteria and attached bacteria) are isolated from C. dentata by a gradient dilution method and identified based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The phylogenetic tree (neighbor-joining tree, N-J tree) was constructed using the bacterial sequences and closest related sequences from GenBank. Colony characteristics, Gram nature, and physiological and biochemical characteristics were obtained based on a series of tests, such as the sugar utilization (glucose, arabinose, xylose, maltose, and mannitol) test, Voges–Proskauer reaction, urease tests, gelatin liquefaction, Gram test, starch hydrolysis, among others. In this study, seven strains (CF1, CF2, CF3, CF5, CF6, and CF7) of free-living bacteria (CF) and five strains (CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, and CA5) of attached bacteria (CA) are isolated and identified. We found that the culturable phycosphere bacteria of C. dentata were mainly α-proteobacteria and γ-proteobacteria, with a small part of the CFB (Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides) group bacteria and firmicutes. In this study, most α-proteobacteria can utilize malonate and positive in the urease test, meanwhile they can grow in a 7% NaCl medium. Differently to α-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria are more reactive, and can utilize maltose, glucose, arabinose, malonate, aesculin, and starch hydrolysis. Meanwhile, γ-proteobacteria can growth in a 7% NaCl and pH 5.7 medium, and some bacteria of this strain were positive in nitrate reduction. Firmicutes are similar to γ-proteobacteria: they are similar in reactivity, as they can utilize maltose, glucose, arabinose, malonate, aesculin, and starch hydrolysis, and can growth in a 7% NaCl and pH 5.7 medium. The difference is that some of firmicutes were positive in gelatin liquefaction and can utilize mannitol. The CFB group of bacteria were only positive in malonate, aesculin, and starch hydrolysis. The above results provide basic experimental data for further studies on the relationship between the coccolithophores and culturable phycosphere bacteria.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Moosavian ◽  
Elyas Kushki ◽  
Tahereh Navidifar ◽  
Eskandar Hajiani ◽  
Mahdi Mandegari

Abstract The oral cavity can act as an extra gastric reservoir for H pylori, and also the presence of the bacteria in the oral cavity is associated with a higher risk of dental caries development. The aim of this study was to determine the genotype and evaluate the association of the presence of H. pylori in dental plaque and gastric biopsy specimens in dyspeptic patients in Ahvaz, Southwest of Iran. In this study, 106 patients with recruited dyspeptic complaints were selected and from each patient, two gastric antral biopsy specimens and two dental plagues were examined. The presence of H. pylori was identified by the Rapid Urease Test (RUT) and the amplification of ureAB and 16S rRNA genes. Also, to verify a hypothetical mouth-to-stomach infection route, the enzymatic digestions of three genes of cagA, vacA, and ureAB in H. pylori strains isolated from dental plaques and stomach samples were compared for each same case. H. pylori was found in the stomach of 52.8% (56 /106) and the dental plaques of 17.9% (19/106) of the studied cases. On the other hand, H. pylori was recognized in the stomach of all 19 cases with oral colonization. Following a combination of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of these three known genes on stomach and dental plague samples, 14 and 11 unique patterns were seen, respectively. However, for all H. pylori-positive cases (19), the comparison of RLFP patterns of these genes in the dental plaque and gastric biopsy specimens was different for the same case. This study showed, no significant association was observed between the presence of H. pylori in dental plaque and the stomach of the same case.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (ICON-2022) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Khursheed ◽  
Amna Umer ◽  
Fareeha Adnan

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic pathogen, mainly responsible for meningitis in immunodeficient individuals. We report a rare case of dessiminated cryptococcosis in a six years old boy, patient was being evaluated for lymphoma. In the present case the causative agent was Cryptococcus neoformans. It was diagnosed through Bactec, aerobic blood culture bottle. The cause of hospitalization of the patient was fever with abdominal pain. Blood and CSF culture revealed the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans which was further confirmed by urease test and corn meal tween agar (CMT). In the present case fungus was unusually isolated earlier from blood culture rather than cerebrospinal fluid. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5784 How to cite this:Khursheed N, Umer A, Adnan F. Disseminated cryptococcal infection in a lymphoma suspected patient. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(2):430-432. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5784 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thai Doan Ky ◽  
Hoang Kim Ngan ◽  
Pham Minh Ngoc Quang ◽  
Luu Tuan Thanh

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá giá trị của nội soi dải tần hẹp (NBI) trong chẩn đoán nhiễm Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Đối tượng và phương pháp: Mô tả cắt ngang, hình ảnh nội soi NBI được phân loại thành 4 type dựa trên cấu trúc khe tuyến và mạch máu dưới biểu mô. Bệnh nhân đượclàm urease test và mô bệnh học để đối chiếu, qua đó đánh giá giá trị của nội soi NBI. Kết quả: 89 bệnh nhân được đưa vào nghiên cứu từ ngày 01/11/2020 đến ngày 30/05/2021, trong đó 32 bệnh nhân được xếp loại type 1 chiếm 36%, 34 bệnh nhân xếp loại type 2 (38,2%), 21 bệnh nhân xếp loại type 3 (23,6%) và 2 bệnh nhân được xếp loại type 4 (2,2%), 36 bệnh chẩn đoán dương tính chiếm 53,7%, 31 bệnh nhân âm tính chiếm 46,3%. Độ nhạy của type 2 + type 3 + type 4 trong chẩn đoán H. pylori là 97,22%, độ đặc hiệu là 77,42%, giá trị dự báo dương tính là 83,33%, giá trị dự báo âm tính là 96%. Kết luận: Nội soi NBI có giá trị cao trong chẩn đoán nhiễm H. pylori.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Amit Maydeo ◽  
Shivaji Thakare ◽  
Amol Vadgaonkar ◽  
Gaurav Patil ◽  
Ankit Dalal ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in remote areas do not have access to standard medical care with the issues related to cost of medical care, transportation, health literacy, lack of healthcare insurance—all preventing healthcare access in a timely manner. To overcome this, we designed a mobile endoscopy van with the intent to provide free essential medical services to the rural population. Methods This is a retrospective study of patients with predominantly upper GI symptoms at two community health centers (each 2 days camp). This is an audit of endoscopy findings in a community set up using a Mobile Endoscopy Unit (MEU). Patients' details were collected in a pre-designed questionnaire. Only those patients with alarm symptoms and suspicion of any pathological state underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in MEU. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Results A total of 724 patients (424 [58.5%] males; mean [SD] age 48.5 [5.2] years) were included. The commonest presenting symptom was heartburn in 377 (52.1%) patients. The median duration of symptoms was 6.5 (range: 2–36) months. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was seen in 16 (6.8%) patients, ulceroproliferative growth was noted in the stomach in 3 (1.3%) patients. Eighteen (7.6%) patients had a positive rapid urease test and received Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. The most commonly prescribed drugs were proton-pump inhibitors in 692 (95.6%) patients. Nine (1.2%) patients had chronic liver disease secondary to alcoholism and were counseled for abstinence. All procedures were safely performed without any immediate adverse events. Conclusions Community outreach strategies such as the use of mobile endoscopy unit were found to be very useful in the diagnosis of GI symptoms. More research is needed in low-income countries to treat complex pathological states in rural patients.


Author(s):  
H. B. Isayev ◽  
M. R. Ibrahimov ◽  
T. H. Salimov

Introduction. The aim of the study was to detect the dependence of the composition of the parietal microflora of the colon on the activity of Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis and the degree of Helicobacter pylori contamination of the gastric mucosa. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 50 patients aged 24 to 72 years, who were diagnosed with HP-associated chronic gastritis in the phase of exacerbation based on the results of FEGDS and histological examination of biopsies of the mucous membrane of the antrum of the stomach in combination with a rapid urease test. A series of dilutions 10¹-10⁹ was prepared from a homogenized biopsy specimen of the mucous membrane of the sigmoid colon in 0.1 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, and 0.1 ml of a solution of the corresponding dilution was inoculated onto the surface of the nutrient medium. The study of mucosal microflora was carried out by means of bacteriological examination of biopsies of the mucous membrane of the sigmoid and cecum. The degree of H. pylori contamination of the gastric mucosa was assessed in the course of histological examination by a semi-quantitative method: low degree of contamination — up to 20 microbial bodies, average — 20-50 microbial bodies, strong — over 50 microbial bodies in the field of view. Results. The study demonstrated that the indicators of the average concentrations of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and typical strains of E. coli progressively decreased with the transition to a higher degree of HP infection. This tendency was maximum in relation to bifidobacteria — 6.1-1.57-1.09 x 10⁸ CFU/g, with a difference between the maximum (I degree) and minimum (III degree) 5.59 times. A similar relationship, but much less pronounced, was observed for Lactobacterium spp. and E. coli. As the severity of HP infiltration of the gastric mucosa increases, there is a decrease in the concentration of the above microorganisms in the parietal mucin - the correlation coefficient is r = -0.74. Discussion. Since the mucous microflora is more stable and functionally significant than the cavity microflora, the data obtained allow us to consider Helicobacter pylori as an etiological factor of colonic dysbiosis. Conclusion. The probability of excessive growth of conditionally pathogenic fraction of intestinal parietal microflora has a direct dependence on the severity of Helicobacter pylori infestation, being maximum at degree III contamination. Content of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and typical E. coli strains in the intestinal biotope of the large intestine is inversely related to the degree of histological activity of HP-associated gastritis.


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