The Sedimentary Facies and Evolution Characteristics of the Middle and Deep Strata in the Nanpu No. 3 Structural Area

In this study, due to the inconsistencies in the understanding of the sedimentary types in the second section of the Dongying Formation (Ed2) and the third section of the Shahejie Formation (Es3) in the middle and deep strata of Nanpu No. 3 structural area, the depositional characteristics of the deep braided river delta, fan delta, deep-water slump turbidite fan, and coastal and shallow lake in the Nanpu No. 3 structural area were examined in-depth. The investigations were begun based on the descriptions and observations of core samples obtained from eight cored wells in the study area, in combination with seismic, well logging, and rock ore data. The results revealed that the sources of the material in the study area originated from the Shaleitian salient in the southwest direction. It was determined that the fan deltas and the shallow lake sedimentary system had developed during the SQ1 sequence and SQ2 sequence periods. The braided river deltas and the shallow lake and turbidite sedimentary system with multi-stage superposition had developed during the SQ3 to SQ7 sequence periods, and their distribution range had been controlled by the structural background of the gentle slope zone of the lake basin. On that basis, a sequence deposition filling model controlled by a slope break zone in the middle and deep strata of the Nanpu No. 3 structural area was established in this study starting from the typical seismic profile, in which such factors as the tectonic activity characteristics, lake basin boundary shape, water depths, and so on, were comprehensively considered. The goal of this research investigation was to provide beneficial information for oil and gas explorations in similar areas.

Study on a New Exploration Field in Tamchag Basin

Based on seismic, geological, logging and mud logging data, the seismic reflection, electrical, sedimentary and production characteristics of Tongbomiao formation and Nantun formation in a depression are compared, and a set of horizons above Tongbomiao formation in a depression are studied. The results show that the original Tongbomiao formation is actually the fourth oil formation of the first member of Nantun Formation. It is a slope fan sedimentary system overlying the Tongbomiao formation and is a lithologic reservoir. This set of strata is mainly distributed in the steep slope break zone of the basement uplift area. Because it is the same strong reflection axis as Tongbomiao strata in the earthquake, it is difficult to distinguish them. It has been mistaken for Tongbomiao strata for a long time. The re-recognition of this set of reservoirs is of great significance for searching for lithologic reservoirs, tapping the remaining potential of the developed fault block structures at low positions and improving the effect of water injection development.

STUDY OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN A TURBOGENERATOR END ZONE AT THE MECHANICAL DAMAGES OF STATOR CORE FASTENING

With the help of mathematical simulation of mechanical processes in the stator core fastening system of a powerful turbogenerator end zone obtained appropriateness of basic parameters changes at the break of clamp prisms heads of the stator core. It is determined that the sudden break of one or more clamp prisms leads to longitudinal oscillation of their other working heads and stiff connected with them press plate, accordingly. Although such oscillation is insignificant but propagates along the entire surface of the press plate with a maximum value in the break zone and subsequent decrease with distance from this zone and therefore can be detected with the help of existing vibration sensors by installing them on the press plate. It is possible to use a limited number of sensors due to the propagation of vibration along the entire surface of the plate. But because the vibration changes are insignificant, in this case, there is a complexity of control that requires the use of high-sensitivity sensors and great informative computing equipment. According to the sensors indices, it is possible to determine the number of breaks for clamp prisms heads of the stator core and the number of them working heads, accordingly. Besides, this effect can be used to diagnose the un-compression of the stator core tooth zone. Since one of the important ways to improve the control and diagnostics of turbogenerators is the detection, the presence of such knowledge will allow making the optimal decision for further measures. References 8, figures 8, tables 2.

NTD ASI, Section IV: Evaluation of Residual Lifetime of Components and Piping in WWER Type NPPs

VERLIFE – “Unified Procedure for Lifetime Assessment of Components and Piping in WWER NPPs during Operation” was initiated and co-ordinated by the Czech and was developed within the 5th Framework Program of the European Union in 2003 and later upgraded within the 6th Framework Program “COVERS – Safety of WWER NPPs” of the European Union in 2008. This Procedure had to fill the gap in original Soviet/Russian Codes and Rules for Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) with WWER (Water-Water-Energetic-Reactor = PWR type) type reactors, as those codes were developed only for design and manufacture and were not changed since their second edition in 1989. VERLIFE Procedure is based on these Russian codes but incorporates also new developments in research, mainly in fracture mechanics, and also some principal approaches used in PWR codes. Last upgrading and principal extending of this VERLIFE Procedure was realized within the 3-years IAEA project (in close co-operation with another project of the 6th Framework Program of the European Union “NULIFE – Plant Life Management of NPPs”) that started in 2009 with final approval and editing in 2013. As all versions of the VERLIFE procedure were coordinated by the Czech and first version was based on the Czech version of the NTD ASI, there have been simultaneously incorporated into the Czech NTD ASI (Normative Technical Documentation of the Czech Association of Mechanical Engineers) guidelines that are accepted by the Czech State Office for Nuclear Safety for the use in evaluation of Czech NPPs. This document has several parts: Section IV – “Evaluation of Residual Lifetime of Components and Piping in WWER type NPPs” deals with the evaluation during NPP operation. Main part of the document is divided into four main parts: - Evaluation of resistance of components and piping against non-ductile failure - Evaluation of resistance of component and piping against fatigue damage, - Evaluation of resistance of components and piping against corrosion-mechanical damage - Evaluation of residual lifetime of components and piping with defects found during in-service inspections Additionally, several appendices are included for detailed description of individual parts of evaluation, e.g. - Determination of neutron fluences in reactor pressure vessel and internals - Determination of degradation of materials during operation - Requirements for evaluation of pressurized thermal shock regimes - Evaluation of corrosion-errosion effects in piping - Environmental fatigue evaluation - Evaluation of reactor pressure vessel failure probability Finally, the following appendices dealing with components integrity have been included: - Lifetime of reactor pressure vessel internals - Leak-before-break concept for WWER piping - No-break-zone for WWER piping The paper will describe structure and main principles of this Section IV.

MOORED PROFILER OBSERVATIONS OF SUBMESOSCALE COLD-CORE EDDIES IN PETER THE GREAT BAY OF THE EAST/JAPAN SEA IN LATE WINTER

Submesoscale cold-core (T < 0°C) eddies were observed near the shelf break in Peter the Great Bay of the East/Japan Sea in March 2010. The observations were carried out at the moored automatic mobile profiler Aqualog station. The profiling was as frequent as every hour allowing us to obtain data with high temporal resolution. Aqualog delivered vertical profiles of ocean current velocity, acoustic backscatter at 2 MHz, temperature, and salinity between the depths of 20 m and 105 m. Below the profiling range, the InterOcean S4 current meter with temperature and salinity sensors was mounted on the mooring line. Above the profiling range, the RBR XR420 CTD logger with dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a fluorescence, and turbidity sensors was also mounted on the mooring line. Additionally we used the data of ship-born CTD casts, the satellite-born imagery and scatterometery, and the coastal weather station records. The data analysis suggests that the cold-core submesoscale eddies play an important role in supplying the densest water (σθ > 27.24 kg/m3) from the northern part of Peter the Great Bay to the shelf break zone where it cascades downward into the deep northern basin of the Sea. The volume of the densest water in an eddy, according to our rough estimate, is 0.5-1 km³. At the sea shelf, the densest water is richer in oxygen by 0.4 ml/l than surrounding water. It also contains much more suspended particles brought by the rivers.

MOORED PROFILER OBSERVATIONS OF SUBMESOSCALE COLD-CORE EDDIES IN PETER THE GREAT BAY OF THE EAST/JAPAN SEA IN LATE WINTER

Submesoscale cold-core (T < 0°C) eddies were observed near the shelf break in Peter the Great Bay of the East/Japan Sea in March 2010. The observations were carried out at the moored automatic mobile profiler Aqualog station. The profiling was as frequent as every hour allowing us to obtain data with high temporal resolution. Aqualog delivered vertical profiles of ocean current velocity, acoustic backscatter at 2 MHz, temperature, and salinity between the depths of 20 m and 105 m. Below the profiling range, the InterOcean S4 current meter with temperature and salinity sensors was mounted on the mooring line. Above the profiling range, the RBR XR420 CTD logger with dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a fluorescence, and turbidity sensors was also mounted on the mooring line. Additionally we used the data of ship-born CTD casts, the satellite-born imagery and scatterometery, and the coastal weather station records. The data analysis suggests that the cold-core submesoscale eddies play an important role in supplying the densest water (σθ > 27.24 kg/m3) from the northern part of Peter the Great Bay to the shelf break zone where it cascades downward into the deep northern basin of the Sea. The volume of the densest water in an eddy, according to our rough estimate, is 0.5-1 km³. At the sea shelf, the densest water is richer in oxygen by 0.4 ml/l than surrounding water. It also contains much more suspended particles brought by the rivers.

Modelling wildland fire propagation by tracking random fronts

Wildland fire propagation is studied in the literature by two alternative approaches, namely the reaction–diffusion equation and the level-set method. These two approaches are considered alternatives to each other because the solution of the reaction–diffusion equation is generally a continuous smooth function that has an exponential decay, and it is not zero in an infinite domain, while the level-set method, which is a front tracking technique, generates a sharp function that is not zero inside a compact domain. However, these two approaches can indeed be considered complementary and reconciled. Turbulent hot-air transport and fire spotting are phenomena with a random nature and they are extremely important in wildland fire propagation. Consequently, the fire front gets a random character, too; hence, a tracking method for random fronts is needed. In particular, the level-set contour is randomised here according to the probability density function of the interface particle displacement. Actually, when the level-set method is developed for tracking a front interface with a random motion, the resulting averaged process emerges to be governed by an evolution equation of the reaction–diffusion type. In this reconciled approach, the rate of spread of the fire keeps the same key and characterising role that is typical of the level-set approach. The resulting model emerges to be suitable for simulating effects due to turbulent convection, such as fire flank and backing fire, the faster fire spread being because of the actions by hot-air pre-heating and by ember landing, and also due to the fire overcoming a fire-break zone, which is a case not resolved by models based on the level-set method. Moreover, from the proposed formulation, a correction follows for the formula of the rate of spread which is due to the mean jump length of firebrands in the downwind direction for the leeward sector of the fireline contour. The presented study constitutes a proof of concept, and it needs to be subjected to a future validation.