On the Effect of Electron Streaming and Existence of Quasi-Solitary Mode in a Strongly Coupled Quantum Dusty Plasma—Far and Near Critical Nonlinearity

As strongly coupled quantum dusty plasma consisting of electrons and dust with the ions in the background is considered when there is a streaming of electrons. It is observed that the streaming gives rise to both the slow and fast modes of propagation. The nonlinear mode is then analyzed by the reductive perturbation approach, resulting in the KdV-equation. In the critical situation where non-linearity vanishes, the modified scaling results in the MKdV equation. It is observed that both the KdV and MKdV equations possess quasi-solitary wave solution, which not only has the character of a soliton but also has a periodic nature. Such type of solitons are nowadays called nanopteron solitons and are expressed in terms of cnoidal-type elliptic functions.

On the Analytical and Numerical Solutions in the Quantum Magnetoplasmas: The Atangana Conformable Derivative (1+3)-ZK Equation with Power-Law Nonlinearity

In this research paper, our work is connected with one of the most popular models in quantum magnetoplasma applications. The computational wave and numerical solutions of the Atangana conformable derivative (1+3)-Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation with power-law nonlinearity are investigated via the modified Khater method and septic-B-spline scheme. This model is formulated and derived by employing the well-known reductive perturbation method. Applying the modified Khater (mK) method, septic B-spline scheme to the (1+3)-ZK equation with power-law nonlinearity after harnessing suitable wave transformation gives plentiful unprecedented ion-solitary wave solutions. Stability property is checked for our results to show their applicability for applying in the model’s applications. The result solutions are constructed along with their 2D, 3D, and contour graphical configurations for clarity and exactitude.

Collision-less shocks and solitons in dense laser-produced Fermi plasma

The theoretical investigation of shocks and solitary structures in a dense quantum plasma containing electrons at finite temperature, nondegenerate cold electrons, and stationary ions has been carried out. A linear dispersion relation is derived for the corresponding electron acoustic waves. The solitary structures of small nonlinearity have been studied by using the standard reductive perturbation method. We have considered collisions to be absent, and the shocks arise out of viscous force. Furthermore, with the help of a standard reductive perturbation technique, a KdV–Burger equation has been derived and analyzed numerically. Under limiting cases, we have also obtained the KdV solitary profiles and studied the parametric dependence. The results are important in explaining the many phenomena of the laser–plasma interaction of dense plasma showing quantum effects.

Collisions of acoustic solitons and their electric fields in plasmas at critical compositions

Acoustic solitons obtained through a reductive perturbation scheme are normally governed by a Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. In multispecies plasmas at critical compositions the coefficient of the quadratic nonlinearity vanishes. Extending the analytic treatment then leads to a modified KdV (mKdV) equation, which is characterized by a cubic nonlinearity and is even in the electrostatic potential. The mKdV equation admits solitons having opposite electrostatic polarities, in contrast to KdV solitons which can only be of one polarity at a time. A Hirota formalism has been used to derive the two-soliton solution. That solution covers not only the interaction of same-polarity solitons but also the collision of compressive and rarefactive solitons. For the visualization of the solutions, the focus is on the details of the interaction region. A novel and detailed discussion is included of typical electric field signatures that are often observed in ionospheric and magnetospheric plasmas. It is argued that these signatures can be attributed to solitons and their interactions. As such, they have received little attention.

Properties of Damped Cylindrical Solitons in Nonextensive Plasmas

Wave properties of damped solitons in a collisional unmagnetised four-component dusty fluid plasma system containing nonextensive distributed electrons, mobile ions and negative-positive dusty grains have been examined. The reductive perturbation (RP) analysis is used under convenient geometrical coordinate transformation; we have derived three-dimensional damped Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (3D-CDKP) equation to study dissipative dust ion acoustic (DIA) mode properties. It is found that the properties of damped cylindrical solitons in nonextensive plasmas in cylindrical coordinates are obtained. The effects of collisional parameters on damped soliton pulse structures are studied. More specifically, the cylindrical geometry with the time on solitary propagation is examined. This investigation may be viable in plasmas of Earth’s mesosphere.

Plasma Parameters Effects on Dust Acoustic Solitary Waves in Dusty Plasmas of Four Components

The presence and propagation of dust-acoustic solitary waves in dusty plasma contains four components such as negative and positive dust species beside ions and electrons are studied. Both the ions and electrons distributions are represented applying nonextensive formula. Employing the reductive perturbation method, an evolution equation is derived to describe the small-amplitude dust-acoustic solitons in the considered plasma system. The used reductive perturbation stretches lead to the nonlinear KdV and modified KdV equations with nonlinear and dispersion coefficients that depend on the parameters of the plasma. This study represents that the presence of compressive or/and rarefactive solitary waves depends mainly on the value of the first-order nonlinear coefficient. The structure of envelope wave is undefined for first-order nonlinear coefficient tends to vanish. The coexistence of the two types of solitary waves appears by increasing the strength of nonlinearity to the second order using the modified KdV equation.

Shock wave occurrence and soliton propagation in polariton condensates

We study the effects of the gain and the loss of polaritons on the wave propagation in polariton condensates. This system is described by a modified Gross–Pitaevskii equation. In the case of small damping, we use the reductive perturbation method to transform this equation; we get a modified Burgers equation in the dispersionless limit and a damped Korteweg – de Vries equation in a more general case. We demonstrate that the shock wave occurrence depends on the gain and the loss of polaritons in the dispersionless polariton condensate. The resolution of the damped Korteweg – de Vries equation shows that the soliton behaves like a damped wave in the case of a constant damping. Based on an asymptotic solution, the survival time and the distance traveled by this soliton are evaluated. We solve the damped Korteweg – de Vries equation and the modified Gross–Pitaevskii numerically to validate the analytical calculations and discuss especially the soliton propagation in the system.

A small-amplitude study of solitons near critical plasma compositions

The properties of small-amplitude solitons are established near critical plasma compositions in a generalized fluid plasma with an arbitrary number of species. The study is conducted via a Taylor series expansion of the Sagdeev potential. It is shown that there are two types of critical compositions, namely rich critical and poor critical compositions. The coexistence of positive and negative polarity solitons is shown to arise at rich critical compositions and near rich critical compositions. At poor critical compositions, no small-amplitude solitons exist, while weak double layers arise near poor critical compositions. A novel analytical expression is obtained for a small-amplitude acoustic speed soliton solution near rich critical compositions. These solitons have a Lorentzian shape with much fatter tails than regular solitons. A case study is also performed for a simple fluid model consisting of cold ions and two Boltzmann electron species. Exact agreement is obtained between the Sagdeev analysis and reductive perturbation theory. For the first time, we derive the same Lorentzian acoustic speed soliton from reductive perturbation theory.

Modified Korteweg–de Vries solitons at supercritical densities in two-electron temperature plasmas

The supercritical composition of a plasma model with cold positive ions in the presence of a two-temperature electron population is investigated, initially by a reductive perturbation approach, under the combined requirements that there be neither quadratic nor cubic nonlinearities in the evolution equation. This leads to a unique choice for the set of compositional parameters and a modified Korteweg–de Vries equation (mKdV) with a quartic nonlinear term. The conclusions about its one-soliton solution and integrability will also be valid for more complicated plasma compositions. Only three polynomial conservation laws can be obtained. The mKdV equation with quartic nonlinearity is not completely integrable, thus precluding the existence of multi-soliton solutions. Next, the full Sagdeev pseudopotential method has been applied and this allows for a detailed comparison with the reductive perturbation results. This comparison shows that the mKdV solitons have slightly larger amplitudes and widths than those obtained from the more complete Sagdeev solution and that only slightly superacoustic mKdV solitons have acceptable amplitudes and widths, in the light of the full solutions.