Efficacy of clear aligners in producing molar distalization: Systematic review

Objectives: The aim of this review is to systematically analyze the efficacy of molar distalization using clear aligners in non-growing Class II patients. Materials and Methods: A complete search across the electronic database through PubMed, Cochrane, Google scholar, LILACS, and manual search of orthodontic journals were done till 2019. Studies were selected on the basis of PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of four articles were included in this review. The amount of molar distalization reported was 2–3 mm. Conclusion: Out of the four studies included. In all the studies a significant amount of distalization was reported. Three retrospective studies concluded that distalization with aligners is the most effective of all tooth movements. One study concluded that aligners effectively achieved distalization with an efficacy of 87%, other two studies concluded that aligners effectively distalized the molars with good control over vertical dimension and mesiodistal tipping.

A METHOD FOR CHOOSING A STRATEGY FOR THE BEHAVIOR OF A CELLULAR AUTOMATON WHEN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF FINDING TARGETS BY A GROUP OF MOVING OBJECTS

Currently, a large number of different mathematical models and methods aimed at solving problems of multidimensional optimization and modeling of complex behavioral systems have been developed. One of the areas of search for solutions is the search for solutions in conditions of incomplete information and the need to take into account changing external factors. Often such problems are solved by the method of complete search. In some conditions, the method of complete search can be significantly improved through the implementation and use of behavioral models of natural formations. Examples of such formations can be group behavior of insects, birds, fish, various flocks, etc. The idea of copying group activity of a shoal of fishes at the decision of problems of joint activity on extraction of food is used in work. The reasoning based on the simulation of the behavior of such a natural object allowed to justify the choice as a mathematical model - cellular automata. The paper examines the key features of such a model. Modeling of his work is carried out, strategies of behavior of group of mobile objects at search of the purposes are developed, key characteristics are investigated and the method of adaptive choice of strategy and change of rules of behavior taking into account features of the solved problem is developed. The search strategy is implemented in the work, which takes into account the need to solve the optimization problem on two parameters. The obtained results testify to the high descriptive possibility of such an approach, the possibility of finding the optimal strategy for the behavior of the cellular automaton and the formalization of the process of selecting the parameters of its operation. A further improvement of this approach can be the implementation of simulation to study the properties of the developed model, the formation of the optimal set of rules and parameters of the machine for the whole set of tasks.

LocalVar: a local variant collection manager to asynchronously detect synonyms, HGVS expression changes, and variant interpretation changes from ClinVar

While there are several public repositories of biological sequence variation data and associated annotations, there is little open-source tooling designed specifically for the upkeep of local collections of variant data. Many clinics curate and maintain such local collections and are burdened by frequent changes in the representation of those variants and evolving interpretations of clinical significance. A dictionary of genetic variants from the Huntsman Cancer Institute was analyzed over a period of two years and used to inform the development of LocalVar. This tool is institution-agnostic and uses publicly available ClinVar files to provide the following functionality: auto-complete search bar to pre-empt duplicate entries; single or bulk new variant record entry; auto-detection and merge suggestions for duplicate variant records; auto-detection and merge suggestions for variant records with HGVS expressions that are marked as synonyms in ClinVar; asynchronous suggestion of HGVS expression or variant interpretation updates; history tracking of additions, merges, updates, or other manual edits made to variant records; and the easy export of the collection (.csv), edit history (.json), or HGVS synonym bins (.json).

A complete search for redshift z ≳ 6.5 quasars in the VIKING survey

ABSTRACT We present the results of a new, deeper, and complete search for high-redshift 6.5 < z < 9.3 quasars over 977 deg2 of the VISTA Kilo-Degree Infrared Galaxy (VIKING) survey. This exploits a new list-driven data set providing photometry in all bands Z, Y, J, H, Ks, for all sources detected by VIKING in J. We use the Bayesian model comparison (BMC) selection method of Mortlock et al., producing a ranked list of just 21 candidates. The sources ranked 1, 2, 3, and 5 are the four known z > 6.5 quasars in this field. Additional observations of the other 17 candidates, primarily DESI Legacy Survey photometry and ESO FORS2 spectroscopy, confirm that none is a quasar. This is the first complete sample from the VIKING survey, and we provide the computed selection function. We include a detailed comparison of the BMC method against two other selection methods: colour cuts and minimum-χ2 SED fitting. We find that: (i) BMC produces eight times fewer false positives than colour cuts, while also reaching 0.3 mag deeper, (ii) the minimum-χ2 SED-fitting method is extremely efficient but reaches 0.7 mag less deep than the BMC method, and selects only one of the four known quasars. We show that BMC candidates, rejected because their photometric SEDs have high χ2 values, include bright examples of galaxies with very strong [O iii] λλ4959,5007 emission in the Y band, identified in fainter surveys by Matsuoka et al. This is a potential contaminant population in Euclid searches for faint z > 7 quasars, not previously accounted for, and that requires better characterization.

AiZynthFinder: a fast, robust and flexible open-source software for retrosynthetic planning

We present the open-source AiZynthFinder software that can be readily used in retrosynthetic planning. The algorithm is based on a Monte Carlo tree search that recursively breaks down a molecule to purchasable precursors. The tree search is guided by an artificial neural network policy that suggests possible precursors by utilizing a library of known reaction templates. The software is fast and can typically find a solution in less than 10 s and perform a complete search in less than 1 min. Moreover, the development of the code was guided by a range of software engineering principles such as automatic testing, system design and continuous integration leading to robust software with high maintainability. Finally, the software is well documented to make it suitable for beginners. The software is available at http://www.github.com/MolecularAI/aizynthfinder.

AiZynthFinder: A Fast Robust and Flexible Open-Source Software for Retrosynthetic Planning

We present the open-source AiZynthFinder software that can be readily used in retrosynthetic planning. The algorithm is based on a Monte Carlo tree search that recursively breaks down a molecule to purchasable precursors. The tree search is guided by an artificial neural network policy that suggests possible precursors by utilizing a library of known reaction templates. The software is fast and can typically find a solution in less than 10 seconds and perform a complete search in less than 1 minute. Moreover, the writing of the code was guided by a range of software engineering principles such as automatic testing, system design and continuous integration leading to robust software. The object-oriented design makes the software very flexible and can straightforwardly be extended to support a range of new features. Finally, the software is clearly documented and should be easy to get started with. The software is available at http://www.github.com/MolecularAI/aizynthfinder.

AiZynthFinder: A Fast Robust and Flexible Open-Source Software for Retrosynthetic Planning

We present the open-source AiZynthFinder software that can be readily used in retrosynthetic planning. The algorithm is based on a Monte Carlo tree search that recursively breaks down a molecule to purchasable precursors. The tree search is guided by an artificial neural network policy that suggests possible precursors by utilizing a library of known reaction templates. The software is fast and can typically find a solution in less than 10 seconds and perform a complete search in less than 1 minute. Moreover, the writing of the code was guided by a range of software engineering principles such as automatic testing, system design and continuous integration leading to robust software. The object-oriented design makes the software very flexible and can straightforwardly be extended to support a range of new features. Finally, the software is clearly documented and should be easy to get started with. The software is available at http://www.github.com/MolecularAI/aizynthfinder.

Interval Tests and Contractors Based on Optimality Conditions for Bound-Constrained Global Optimization

We study the problem of finding the global optimum of a nonlinear real function over an interval box by means of complete search techniques, namely interval branch-and-bound algorithms. Such an algorithm typically generates a tree of boxes from the initial box by alternating branching steps and contraction steps in order to remove non optimal sub-boxes. In this paper, we introduce a new contraction method that is designed to handle the boundary of the initial box where a minimizer may not be a stationary point. This method exploits the first-order optimality conditions and we show that it subsumes the classical monotonicity test based on interval arithmetic. A new branch-and-bound algorithm has been implemented in the interval solver Realpaver. An extensive experimental study based on a set of standard benchmarks is presented.