Postawy wobec instytucji państwa wśród Duszpasterstwa Ludzi Pracy w analizach Służby Bezpieczeństwa PRL

The issue of Christian Work Ministries (CWM) in Poland during the communist regime have so far been hardly explored. Empirical data collected in Archive of Institute of National Remembrance were analyzed, to show the perspective on CWM from Security Services (SB) point of view. In their eyes CWM were dangerous and threat for security of state and communism in Poland. The hypothesis of the survey was the assumption that SB saw CWM and its activists as a source of threat for the state and were state-phobic. Auxiliary hypothesis was assumption that CWM was a shelter for former members of “Solidarity” and as a members of CWM they continued their activism, to a limited extent, known from “Solidarity”.

Desexilio y líder carismático en La novela de Perón, de Tomás Eloy Martínez

Desexilio and Charismatic Leader in La novela de Perón by Tomás Eloy Martínez ResumenEn el presente trabajo nos proponemos analizar La novela de Perón (1985) del autor argentino Tomás Eloy Martínez (1934-2010). Este texto de carácter ficcional presenta a un Perón nostálgico, débil y meditabundo que siente el retorno a su país, tras dieciocho años de exilio, como una auténtica desgracia. Lejos de mostrar al conductor político seguro, poderoso, infalible y sin vacilaciones que el imaginario popular ha construido en torno a la figura de Juan Perón, la novela teje alrededor del viejo líder un entramado de debilidad, miedo y angustia. Esta caracterización nos hace problematizar la influencia que ejerce en Perón la circunstancia del regreso a la patria tras su prolongado exilio en España.Nuestra hipótesis de trabajo será, entonces, que en la ficción en cuestión la instancia del desexilioprovoca una marcada divergencia entre el campo de expectativa que construyen en torno alregreso de Juan Perón los diferentes actores de la sociedad argentina y el propio Perón. Supuesto que a la vez se verá reforzado con una hipótesis auxiliar, que sostiene que esta coyuntura provoca una subversión de la representación de Juan Perón en tanto líder carismático. AbstractThe aim of this work is to analyze La novela de Perón (1985) written by the argentine Tomás Eloy Martínez (1934-2010). This fictional text presents Perón as a nostalgic weak and thoughtful character, who regards the return to his country, after eighteen years of exile, as a real misfortune. The novel weaves weakness, fear and anguish around the figure of the old leader, instead of showing a secure, powerful, without fail, political frontrunner that the collective imagination had constructed. This characterization sets out as problematic the effect that the return from exile to his mother country had on Perón.The hypothesis of this investigation is that in this fiction the return from exile causes divergence between expectancy on the return of Juan Perón, that different social actor had built, as well as Perón himself. This will be reinforced by an auxiliary hypothesis which suggests that this conjunction generates subversion in the figure of Perón as a charismatic leader. Key words: Return from Exile, The Perón novel, Tomás E. Martínez.

SALES PROMOTION AS A FUNCTION IN MERCHANDISING

Behavior of consumers consists of a series of psychological and physical activities in individual process of selecting, purchasing and consuming the products. The purpose and scope of this paper is to investigate the essence of aspects and functions by which merchandising affects the improvement of business in retail environments. The aim of this paper is to determine to what extent the proper product positioning has a direct impact on the improvement of sales results, as well as how to draw attention to a particular product in addition to large number of competing products. On the basis of the aforementioned subject of research, this research presents the possibility of organizing merchandising activities as a kind of cooperation between producers and traders. The research was carried out in such a way that the following hypothesis can be examined on the selected sample: H0- that consumers make the purchasing decision within a moment, which means in front of the shelves where the products are exposed, as well as the auxiliary hypothesis H1- the introduction of a mercantile system into the modern retail business facilities influences the increase in the company’s business results. After the completion of the survey research, the empirical data were processed by the statistical program package for social sciences SPSS 22 and StatPlus 2009.

ARE RISK PREMIA RELATED TO REAL EXCHANGE RATE SWINGS? EVIDENCE FROMI(2) CVARs WITH SURVEY EXPECTATIONS

This paper finds strong evidence of a positive relationship between currency risk premia and real exchange rate swings, significant at the 1% if not 0.1% level, for three US$ exchange rate samples. The risk premia are measured using survey data on traders' exchange rate forecasts. This circumvents the need for an auxiliary hypothesis of rationality and enables more direct focus on risk behavior. The analysis is conducted using theI(2) cointegrated VAR, which allows for time-varying trends in the variables. Evidence of persistent changes is found for interest rates, prices, and nominal and real exchange rates. Interest rate shocks appear to drive the system, whereas expectations are correcting only in the longer run.

From old issues to new directions in experimental psychology and economics

The rhetoric of hypothesis testing implies that game theory is not testable if a negative result is blamed on any auxiliary hypothesis such as “rewards are inadequate.” This is because either the theory is not falsifiable (since a larger payoff can be imagined, one can always conclude that payoffs were inadequate) or it has no predictive content (the appropriate payoff cannot be prespecified).

Beech–maple coexistence and seedling growth rates at Mont Saint Hilaire, Quebec

We tested the hypothesis that coexistence of forest tree species is promoted by canopy-dependent seedling growth, such that each tree species grows faster under adults of a different species. The study was carried out in the forest of Mont Saint Hilaire, P.Q., using seedlings of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum). The main hypothesis was confirmed, while an auxiliary hypothesis for coexistence involving differential longevity and light gap growth was not confirmed.