Effect of Backhaul Technologies on 3G Network Performance: A Case Study of Ado-Ekiti

In the past years, when wireless network improvement occurs from 1G/2G to third generation (3G), the rate in the use of real-time traffic oriented applications for voice, video and data increases. Consequently, the bandwidth to be backhauled from the cell site to the mobile switching center increases rapidly. 3G network is most prevalent in Nigeria with wide area of coverage. However, in recent times, poor subscribers’ mobile broadband experience is still the major challenge faced by many GSM operators. One of the major causes of this challenge is the use of wrong backhaul for radio access network (RAN). This lead to poor traffic throughput, high packet loss or frame loss at the cell edge. To overcome this challenge, the use of appropriate backhaul technology is crucial. Third Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) recommends the use of either asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) or internet protocol (IP) as the backhaul technologies for its RAN. This paper presents the performance analysis and the comparison of the ATM RAN and IP RAN backhaul technologies using six different 3G sites (with 3G base stations) located at Ado local government area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The performance of each base station with different backhaul technology was evaluated in term of average maximum throughput per day. The effect of frame loss (for ATM RAN network) and packet loss (for IP RAN network) on traffic throughput were also analyzed. The comparison of the overall result analysis shows that the 3G base stations with IP-based RAN backhaul has better performance than the base station with ATM-based RAN backhaul.

Efficacy of Telemedicine in Hypertension Care Through Home Blood Pressure Monitoring and Videoconferencing: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

BACKGROUND The burden of time is often the primary reason why patients discontinue their treatment. Telemedicine may help patients adhere to treatment by offering convenience. OBJECTIVE This study examined the efficacy and safety of telemedicine for the management of hypertension in Japan. METHODS Patients with uncomplicated hypertension were recruited through web advertising between November 2015 and February 2017. They were then screened, stratified by office systolic blood pressure (SBP), and randomized into two groups: usual care (UC) and telemedicine. The telemedicine group used a 3G network–attached home blood pressure (BP) monitoring device, consulted hypertension specialists from an academic hospital through web-based video visits, and received prescription medication by mail for 1 year. The UC group used the same BP monitoring device but was managed using self-recorded BP readings, which included their diary entries and office BP taken in a community practice setting. RESULTS Initial screening was completed by 99 patients, 54% of whom had untreated hypertension. Baseline BP was similar between the groups, but the weekly average SBP at the end of the 1-year study period was significantly lower in the telemedicine group (125, SD 9 mmHg vs 131, SD 12 mmHg, respectively; <i>P</i>=.02). SBP in the telemedicine group was 3.4 mmHg lower in the morning and 5.8 mmHg lower in the evening. The rate of SBP control (135 mmHg) was better in the telemedicine group (85.3% vs 70.0%; <i>P</i>=.01), and significant adverse events were not observed. CONCLUSIONS We present evidence suggesting that antihypertensive therapy via home BP telemonitoring and web-based video visits achieve better BP control than conventional care and is a safe treatment alternative that warrants further investigation. CLINICALTRIAL UMIN-CTR UMIN000025372; https://tinyurl.com/47ejkn4b

Improved early warning of compact binary mergers using higher modes of gravitational radiation: a population study

ABSTRACT A gravitational wave early warning of a compact binary coalescence event, with a sufficiently tight localization skymap, would allow telescopes to point in the direction of the potential electromagnetic counterpart before its onset. Use of higher modes of gravitational radiation, in addition to the dominant mode typically used in templated real-time searches, was recently shown to produce significant improvements in early-warning times and skyarea localizations for a range of asymmetric mass binaries. We perform a large-scale study to assess the benefits of this method for a population of compact binary merger observations. In particular, we inject 100 000 such signals in Gaussian noise, with component masses $m_1 \in \left[1, 60 \right] \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ and $m_2 \in \left[1, 3 \right] \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. We consider three scenarios involving ground-based detectors: the fifth (O5) observing run of the Advanced LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network, its projected Voyager upgrade, as well as a proposed third-generation (3G) network. We find that for fixed early-warning times of 20–60 s, the inclusion of the higher modes can provide localization improvements of a factor of ≳2 for up to ${\sim}60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($70 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) of the neutron star–black hole (NSBH) systems in the O5 (Voyager) scenario. Considering only those NSBH systems that can produce potential electromagnetic counterparts, such improvements in the localization can be expected for ${\sim}5\!-\!35{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ $(20\!-\!50{{\ \rm per\ cent}})$ binaries in O5 (Voyager). For the 3G scenario, a significant fraction of the events have time gains of a minute to several minutes, assuming fiducial target localization areas of 100–1000 deg2.

Life Case: Inelastic Collision based Automobile Crash Detection and Alert System via 3G Network

Accident detection and alert systems that can pinpoint the whereabouts of an accident are crucial to ensure the concerned authorities are informed instantaneously about the occurrence of an accident, in order for the deployment of emergency response to save lives in the least amount of time. A 3G incorporated accident detection system, known as Life Case is designed to discover the accidents between automobiles and, send the timestamp, and the actual position of an accident, to a developed android application built using Android Studio, via a cloud database. The alert message is presented using Google Maps which helps user to save plenty of time through easy navigation feature towards the accident location. Life Case measures the acceleration of an automobile during a collision using the Theory of Inelastic Collision.

ANALISIS PERFORMANSI JARINGAN 4G LTE DI GEDUNG ITL FT UNP KAMPUS AIR TAWAR BARAT

Analysis of network performance is needed in the ITL building which is a new building in the Padang State University area. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the 4G LTE network in the ITL by using the G-Net Track Pro application. This research is a descriptive research that analyzes the results of the drive test based on RSRP, RSRO & SNR parameters. Data analysis results show: (1) The average RSRP value is -86.65 dBm (Good), the RSRQ average value is -12.70 dB (Medium) and the average SNR value is 2.73 dB (Medium) (2) The best parameter value of RSRP Floor 4 is point B -78.3 B), RSRQ (Floor 3 point B is -11.85 dB) and SNR (Floor 4 point B is 5.14 dB) (3) from all data, the percentage of categories around 6% Excellent, 17% Good, 56% Medium, 18% Poor and 3% of data in the 3G network category are obtained. The data suggests that the performance in this building is quite well, but it is not maximal and the signal strength received is not evenly distributed . network quality improvement is needed in order to improve performance for maximum & even signal strength throughout the building. Keywords: LTE, Drive Test, RSRP, RSRQ, SNR

Design and Implementation of Arduino-Based Weather Monitoring System in Rural

The Weather Monitoring System is an instrument that measures and records meteorological parameters using sensors. This sensor serves as a measuring instrument to measure every change in weather. Output data from sensors will be sent to the web server so that it can be accessed by users or people who need weather data. Weather data obtained from temperature sensors, air humidity, wind direction and speed, and air pressure are processed by the microcontroller and sent to the web server via cellular networks. The data displayed on the web server is a graph according to the value sent by the sensor. This study began a literature study on Arduino Uno, Ethernet shield, BMP180 sensor sensor, DHT11 sensor, wind direction and speed kit, Wifi Router, 3G network modem, equipment that will be realized starting with designing and making hardware and software. Tests carried out in the telecommunications system laboratory include testing air pressure with the BMP180 Sensor, testing temperature and humidity with the DHT11 Sensor, testing kits for wind speed and direction, testing data delivery with the Wifi Router and 3G network modem, and testing all devices. From the system design and testing concluded that the Arduino-based Automatic Weather Monitoring Device on 3G Cellular Networks has good flexibility and precision because the devices can be placed in various places, especially in rural areas. Data Output from sensors can be monitored through the Thingspeak.com website, so users do not need to directly monitor where the device is placed.

Application of big data technology in agricultural Internet of Things

This article first analyzes big data technology. Then, the agricultural Internet of Things system was established, and the acquisition of agricultural data was achieved through the establishment of sensor modules, image acquisition modules, and meteorological acquisition modules. The data are transmitted to the server through GPRS communication technology and 3G network card to realize data transmission. The Web Service technology is used to connect the Internet of Things with the neural network model to achieve data interoperability. By comparing the prediction results and actual data of the model, it is found that the prediction error of the model designed in this article is less than 1%, and the high-precision prediction of agricultural data is realized, which provides an effective guidance for the improvement of agricultural product quality and yield.