Cultural marginality and its social implications

The article is devoted to exam the problem of cultural marginality. Due to the fact that nowadays, during the formation of new social forces and relations, many societies, including Kazakhstan’s, more-less experience a vacuum of values and norms. Marginal individuals in the conditions of new landmarks formation are lacking the stable social orientations; it is very hard for them to identify themselves with sufficient certainty. A marginal state characterizes by the fact that a human, having left one culture, leaving it on the outer plane of his being, does not fit into a culture new for him, does not come to it, although he lives in the presence of its innumerable displays. The individual is in the stage of mastering new cultural features, but he cannot yet master them completely. This is the marginality as the natural paradox for being transitional, borderline social and cultural status. Usually, it is precisely in transition eras that the process of marginalization intensifies sharply and expands in its scale. People feel insecure and socially unstable. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to thoroughly exam the problem of marginality. In writing the article, we used the methods of cognitive-evaluative analysis, the methodology of cross-cultural-psychological research and the principle of the historical traditions unity. Based on the research of marginality problem, we conclude that the personality absorbs single and diverse, whole and detailed, universal and individual. In this regard, the problem of marginalization should be resolved through personal self-determination. This article was written by virtue of the works of various philosophers, sociologists and educators who studied the problems of marginality. The article offers a number of recommendations for solving the problem of marginality in the new realities.

Rebuilding a Stronger Business in the Uncertain Post-COVID-19 Future

The coronavirus pandemic has predetermined the great priority of protecting public health. The states urgently introduced a regime of economic and social lockdowns to stop the infection. As a result, the activities of firms were suspended or blocked, which caused enormous negative economic and social consequences both for business and for the national societies. The subsequent societal and economic crises predetermined the marginal state of the capital-centric system, which led to the destruction of its structural ties. In the uncertain future, chief executive officers should be prepared to rebuild their businesses. It will be possible if companies take advantage of the opportunities of the 4th technological revolution and rely on the inclusion and diversity strategy to socialize talented people into their organizations. Today, questions remain open, related to both the preparation of future talents and their adequate socialization. The advanced firms will play a leading role in solving these problems to become successful.

The Geometry of Power Systems Steady-State Equations– Part II: a Power Surface Study

Steady-state equations play an essential part in the theory of power systems and the practice of computations. These equations are directly or mediately used almost in all areas of the theory of power system states, constituting its basis. This two-part study deals with a geometrical interpretation of steady-state solutions in a power space. Part I has proposed considering the power system's steady states in terms of power surface. Part II is devoted to an analytical study of the power surface through its normal vectors. An interrelationship between the entries of the normal vector is obtained through incremental transmission loss coefficients. Analysis of the normal vector has revealed that in marginal states, its entry of the slack bus active power equals zero, and the incremental transmission loss coefficient of the slack bus equals one. Therefore, any attempts of the slack bus to maintain the system power balance in the marginal state are fully compensated by associated losses. In real-world power systems, a change in the slack bus location in the marginal state makes this steady state non-marginal. Only in the lossless power systems, the marginal states do not depend on a slack bus location.

LADA Synchronization for Symmetric and Asymmetric ATE Test Program Cycles

Laser Assisted Device Alteration (LADA) or Soft Defect Localization (SDL) is commonly used to root cause device marginality due to functional or structural failures. At a high level, LADA involves setting the device under test (DUT) at its marginal state and using focused near infra-red laser beams to perturb sensitive circuitry [1]. Scanning the focused laser beam over the die can be a long and time-consuming process. In this paper, two LADA cases are presented, which involve a parametric measurement failure while running a dynamic ATE test. Using LADA technique, these two cases were root caused. These two cases also explain how a parametric measurement-based LADA can be setup on ATE, as well as a synchronization method independent of vectors in a pattern. Synchronization was necessitated in the 2nd case due to the asymmetric test program loop, as well as the long test program cycle time. There are many factors which impact LADA turnaround time and it can take anywhere between few seconds to one day. The two major factors are the size of the Area of Interest (AOI) and test program cycle time. Test program cycle time influences the laser “dwell time” for LADA. Dwell time, in simple terms, is the total time the laser is parked at each pixel. The laser can also be synchronized with the test program cycle, keeping the two always in phase. This is explained in Case 2, where LADA synchronization was implemented, and the analysis was successfully completed in time, even though the test cycle time was very long.

Bayesian localization of CNV candidates in WGS data within minutes

Background Full Bayesian inference for detecting copy number variants (CNV) from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data is still largely infeasible due to computational demands. A recently introduced approach to perform Forward–Backward Gibbs sampling using dynamic Haar wavelet compression has alleviated issues of convergence and, to some extent, speed. Yet, the problem remains challenging in practice. Results In this paper, we propose an improved algorithmic framework for this approach. We provide new space-efficient data structures to query sufficient statistics in logarithmic time, based on a linear-time, in-place transform of the data, which also improves on the compression ratio. We also propose a new approach to efficiently store and update marginal state counts obtained from the Gibbs sampler. Conclusions Using this approach, we discover several CNV candidates in two rat populations divergently selected for tame and aggressive behavior, consistent with earlier results concerning the domestication syndrome as well as experimental observations. Computationally, we observe a 29.5-fold decrease in memory, an average 5.8-fold speedup, as well as a 191-fold decrease in minor page faults. We also observe that metrics varied greatly in the old implementation, but not the new one. We conjecture that this is due to the better compression scheme. The fully Bayesian segmentation of the entire WGS data set required 3.5 min and 1.24 GB of memory, and can hence be performed on a commodity laptop.

STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE MICROCIRCULATORY BED OF THE PANCREAS IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL METABOLIC SYNDROME

A complex histological, histochemical and electron microscopic study of the state of the microcirculatory bed of the pancreas and conjugate transformations in the parenchyma of the organ after modeling the metabolic syndrome using a diet high in fats and carbohydrates was carried out. Spasm of arterioles, the marginal state of leukocytes and the desquamation of endotheliocytes into the lumen of a vessel, the stasis of erythrocytes in capillaries were revealed. The endothelial cells of capillaries had signs of increased transport of substances through the vessel walls: pinocytosis, fenestration, loosening of basal membranes. It was observed that capillaries are filled with shaped blood elements, on the luminal surface of endotheliocytes nuclei are protruded and the cytoplasm outgrowth into the lumen of the vessel is formed. At the same time, glucose oxidation accelerated both in the Krebs cycle and along the glycolytic pathway in the endotheliocytes of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed, indicating that the energy was supplied to the cells at a higher level. Disturbances of microcirculation were accompanied by focal destructive and inflammatory changes in the parenchyma of the organ.