LADA Synchronization for Symmetric and Asymmetric ATE Test Program Cycles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Karunanithi ◽  
Joseph Caroselli ◽  
Jason Christensen ◽  
Michell Espitia
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Marginal State ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Program Cycle

Abstract Laser Assisted Device Alteration (LADA) or Soft Defect Localization (SDL) is commonly used to root cause device marginality due to functional or structural failures. At a high level, LADA involves setting the device under test (DUT) at its marginal state and using focused near infra-red laser beams to perturb sensitive circuitry [1]. Scanning the focused laser beam over the die can be a long and time-consuming process. In this paper, two LADA cases are presented, which involve a parametric measurement failure while running a dynamic ATE test. Using LADA technique, these two cases were root caused. These two cases also explain how a parametric measurement-based LADA can be setup on ATE, as well as a synchronization method independent of vectors in a pattern. Synchronization was necessitated in the 2nd case due to the asymmetric test program loop, as well as the long test program cycle time. There are many factors which impact LADA turnaround time and it can take anywhere between few seconds to one day. The two major factors are the size of the Area of Interest (AOI) and test program cycle time. Test program cycle time influences the laser “dwell time” for LADA. Dwell time, in simple terms, is the total time the laser is parked at each pixel. The laser can also be synchronized with the test program cycle, keeping the two always in phase. This is explained in Case 2, where LADA synchronization was implemented, and the analysis was successfully completed in time, even though the test cycle time was very long.

Advanced TEM sample preparation techniques for submicron Si devices

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 516-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Basham ◽  
H. L. Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Small Hole ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polished Side ◽  
Preparation Techniques

The use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to support process development of advanced microelectronic devices is often challenged by a large amount of samples submitted from wafer fabrication areas and specific-spot analysis. Improving the TEM sample preparation techniques for a fast turnaround time is critical in order to provide a timely support for customers and improve the utilization of TEM. For the specific-area sample preparation, a technique which can be easily prepared with the least amount of effort is preferred. For these reasons, we have developed several techniques which have greatly facilitated the TEM sample preparation.For specific-area analysis, the use of a copper grid with a small hole is found to be very useful. With this small-hole grid technique, TEM sample preparation can be proceeded by well-established conventional methods. The sample is first polished to the area of interest, which is then carefully positioned inside the hole. This polished side is placed against the grid by epoxy Fig. 1 is an optical image of a TEM cross-section after dimpling to light transmission.

scholarly journals Enhanced Round-Robin Algorithm in the Cloud Computing Environment for Optimal Task Scheduling

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Fahd Alhaidari ◽  
Taghreed Zayed Balharith
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Task Scheduling ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Time Quantum ◽  
Dynamic Time ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Performance

Recently, there has been significant growth in the popularity of cloud computing systems. One of the main issues in building cloud computing systems is task scheduling. It plays a critical role in achieving high-level performance and outstanding throughput by having the greatest benefit from the resources. Therefore, enhancing task scheduling algorithms will enhance the QoS, thus leading to more sustainability of cloud computing systems. This paper introduces a novel technique called the dynamic round-robin heuristic algorithm (DRRHA) by utilizing the round-robin algorithm and tuning its time quantum in a dynamic manner based on the mean of the time quantum. Moreover, we applied the remaining burst time of the task as a factor to decide the continuity of executing the task during the current round. The experimental results obtained using the CloudSim Plus tool showed that the DRRHA significantly outperformed the competition in terms of the average waiting time, turnaround time, and response time compared with several studied algorithms, including IRRVQ, dynamic time slice round-robin, improved RR, and SRDQ algorithms.

scholarly journals The risk of venous thromboembolism and physical activity level, especially high level: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Danin-Mankowitz ◽  
A. Ugarph-Morawski ◽  
F. Braunschweig ◽  
P. Wändell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cause of cardiovascular disease. Connection between high level of physical activity (PA) and the onset of VTE is unknown. We searched the literature on the possible association between PA level, especially high levels, and the risk of VTE. A systematic review was carried out to identify relevant articles on the relation between PA level and VTE. The initial search was conducted together with the Karolinska Institutet University Library in February 2018, with follow-up searches after that. In total, 4383 records were found and then screened for exclusion of duplicates and articles outside the area of interest. In total, 16 articles with data on 3 or more levels of PA were included. Of these, 12 were cohort and 4 were case-control studies. Totally 13 studies aimed at investigating VTE cases primarily, while three studies had other primary outcomes. Of the 16 studies, five found a U-shaped association between PA level and VTE risk, although non-significant in three of them. Two articles described an association between a more intense physical activity and a higher risk of VTE, which was significant in one. Nine studies found associations between increasing PA levels and a decreasing VTE risk. Available literature provides diverging results as to the association between high levels of PA and the risk of venous thromboembolism, but with several studies showing an association. Further research is warranted to clarify the relationship between high level PA and VTE.

Clarifying Institutional and Organizational Conditions Promoting Principals' Quality Leadership and Reform Design for Japan

Impact ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Distributed Approach ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
High Level

Education reform helps ensure that the education in a given country is of the highest possible quality and is a key area of focus for many developed countries. Japan's education system rates highly and the evolution of education reform is key to ensuring this high level is sustained. School principals play a key role in delivering high-quality education and, indeed, a school principal's leadership correlates with the quality of education available. This is an area of interest for Professor Hirofumi Hamada, School Management Laboratory in the Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan, who is currently exploring the institutional and organisational conditions that affect the leadership of principals. The goal of this research is to help shape education reform in Japan. Hamada believes it is necessary to create an environment of independent and collaborative learning and to value the individuality of children. In addition, problem situations among children are diverse and complex and how schools respond influences the quality of education. Given that the principal is in charge of how a school is run, they play a vital role in assuring the quality of education. Key to Hamada's work is the idea that principals can share their knowledge and leadership with teachers and this creates an environment of shared leadership. He believes that empowering teachers and encouraging them to take on leadership duties is essential. He is working to inform educators that schools require the leadership of principals and for principals to promote a distributed approach to leadership.

Quality assurance and quality control to ensure durability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Roy ◽  
Tanmoy Guha ◽  
R. Ekambaram
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fundamental Requirement

<p>High level of quality during design, design-build and construction stages is a fundamental requirement to ensure that structure serves its intended purpose. Establishment of a quality assurance manual is prime necessity. Lack of quality control during design, review and approving design drawings are major reasons for structural failures. Designers and design checkers need to work in tandem to ensure more adequate Quality Assurance &amp; Control (QA/QC).</p><p>In structural design Durability is a key parameter and becomes critical for service life of 100/120 years. In design build and construction stages controlling work quality is important to maintain performance standards. Tailor made quality plan for Design-build Contract is essential. Quality procedures, inspection and testing needs implementation in practice to verify full compliance and prevent occurrence of faults and defects towards durability and service life. This paper deals with Quality with special emphasis on durability in design and construction through case studies of design build contracts.</p>

Physician Satisfaction With Clinical Laboratory Services: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study of 138 Institutions

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Jones ◽  
Leonas G. Bekeris ◽  
Raouf E. Nakhleh ◽  
Molly K. Walsh ◽  
Paul N. Valenstein
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Physician Satisfaction ◽  
Reliability Of Results ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Valuable Component ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
High Level

Abstract Context.—Monitoring customer satisfaction is a valuable component of a laboratory quality improvement program. Objective.—To survey the level of physician satisfaction with hospital clinical laboratory services. Design.—Participating institutions provided demographic and practice information and survey results of physician satisfaction with defined aspects of clinical laboratory services, rated on a scale of 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent). Results.—One hundred thirty-eight institutions participated in this study and submitted a total of 4329 physician surveys. The overall satisfaction score for all institutions ranged from 2.9 to 5.0. The median overall score for all participants was 4.1 (10th percentile, 3.6; 90th percentile, 4.5). Physicians were most satisfied with the quality/reliability of results and staff courtesy, with median values of excellent or good ratings of 89.9%. Of the 5 service categories that received the lowest percentage values of excellent/good ratings (combined scores of 4 and 5), 4 were related to turnaround time for inpatient stat, outpatient stat, routine, and esoteric tests. Surveys from half of the participating laboratories reported that 96% to 100% of physicians would recommend the laboratory to other physicians. The category most frequently selected as the most important category of laboratory services was quality/reliability of results (31.7%). Conclusions.—There continues to be a high level of physician satisfaction and loyalty with clinical laboratory services. Test turnaround times are persistent categories of dissatisfaction and present opportunities for improvement.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Temporary Artificial Methods of Contraception Among Women of Child Bearing Age in Awka South Local Government Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
I. G. Eyisi ◽  
C. C. Nwachukwu ◽  
I. A. Njelita ◽  
U. M. Umeh ◽  
C. S. Eyisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Contraceptive Devices ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: Contraception is the procedure of preventing pregnancy when it is not desired (MedicineNet, 2018). It is broadly divided into natural and artificial methods of which the artificial is further subdivided into Temporary and Permanent methods. METHODS: This research exercise was conducted in Awka South Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria consisting of Nine Towns namely Amawbia, Awka, Ezinato, Isiagu, Mbaukwu, Nibo, Nise, Okpuno and Umuawulu (Wikipedia, 2018). Questionnaires were administered by an interviewer which consists of 5 sections while data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and the results were chi-squared at appropriate times and data were presented in forms like prose, tables, and charts. RESULTS: 78.9% of the respondents were aware of temporary artificial methods of contraception; 44.3% of correspondents with knowledge of temporary artificial contraceptives got their information from friends while 22.4% of the correspondents got theirs from school which reflects a low level of sex education in our homes and religious institutions. Only 18.4% could actually identify intra-uterine contraceptive devices from a list of options While 43.2% could actually identify a contraceptive pill within a list of options. The study also showed that the oral contraceptive pill most known to 50.4% of the correspondents is postinor-2 while the intra-uterine device most commonly known to those with knowledge of intra-uterine contraceptive device was Mirena which is about 65.8% of the correspondents. Also, this research revealed that 49.2% admitted to having used temporary artificial contraceptives. CONCLUSION: Despite the high level of awareness of temporary artificial contraceptives methods, its level of practice is quite low in this part of the country and the major factors influencing the knowledge and attitude of the participants towards temporary artificial contraceptives are marital status and educational level.

On Reducing Piping Vibration Levels: Attacking the Source

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheji Liu ◽  
D. Lee Hill ◽  
Roman Motriuk
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Acoustic Liners ◽  
Blade Passing Frequency ◽  
The People ◽  
Acoustic Liner ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
High Level ◽  
Novel Design

Centrifugal compressors used in the pipeline market generate very strong noise, which is typically dominated by the blade passing frequency and its higher harmonics. The high level noise is not only very disturbing to the people living nearby the installation site but also causes expensive structural failures in the downstream piping. A novel design of Helmholtz array has been developed to address this type of noise problem. Computational studies show that the installation of the Helmholtz array acoustic liner on the compressor diffuser walls is very effective in reducing noise level of the compressor, especially the dominant blade passing frequency noise. The acoustic liner design has been built and tested at an installation site by the customer. The data clearly shows that the use of acoustic liners is indeed very effective in the reduction of both the noise and the vibration levels of the machine.

A Review of Recent Developments in the Mechanisms of Antifatigue Agents

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Scott
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Material Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Shoulder Region ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vulcanization Process ◽  
Made In

Abstract In spite of the remarkable advances that have been made in the engineering design of tires during the past two decades, the basic formulations used in vulcanization and protection during service have essentially remained unchanged. This is to a large extent due to two major factors: 1. The versatility of the traditional accelerated sulfur curing system which provides the necessary combination of resilience and strength with good resistance to cyclical stress. 2. The development of diarylamine antidegradants which confer a high level of thermal-oxidative and mechano-oxidative (fatigue) resistance to the rubber. Both of these developments have occurred slowly with small incremental improvements and, probably because of their success, relatively little fundamental work has been published which addresses the questions of why a polysulfide network is so resistant to fatigue and why N-sec-alkyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamines are so much more successful as antidegradants than other classes of antioxidant. It is becoming evident, however, that if tires are to withstand the increasingly demanding conditions to which they are subjected in service, much more attention must be paid to the material design as opposed to the structural design of tires. Nowhere is this more evident than in aircraft tires. Recent studies have shown that the tires of heavily laden wide-bodied aircraft reach temperatures in excess of 70°C at the relatively modest speed of 32 km/h (20 mph). Similarly, in heavy duty truck tires, temperatures over 100°C are not abnormal in the shoulder region. This leads to extensive restructurization of the fatigue resistant polysulfide network, particularly in the shoulder of the tire, to give a much weaker mono-disulfide structure. It is no coincidence then that failure normally occurs in this region. The practice of multiple retreading exacerbates the change in chemical decomposition of the rubber. It is well known to the rubber scientist that extending the vulcanization process also leads to restructurization of the rubber network from polysulfide to mono- and disulfide. This is shown typically for a HAF-black tire formulation at 140°C in Figure 1. Antidegradants have virtually no effect on anaerobic restructurization (see Figure 2), and indeed, the established antifatigue agent, IPPD (I), actually accelerates the loss of polysulfide crosslinks from the vulcanizate at 140°C. During fatiguing, on the other hand, IPPD effectively retards restructurization (see Figure 3), whereas a typical bisphenol, nonstaining antidegradant, II, has much less effect.

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