Variation and Genetic Control of the Heartwood, Sapwood, Bark, Wood Color Parameter, and Physical and Mechanical Properties of Dipteryx panamensis in Costa Rica

The Dipteryx genus has a natural distribution throughout several tropical countries in Latin America. This taxon has several tree species, all recognized for their high-density wood. The objective of this research was to study the variation and genetic control of several wood properties, including bark, sapwood, heartwood, green density (GD), specific gravity (SG), moisture content in green condition (MC-G), and mechanical properties, in a Dipteryx panamensis provenance/progeny test at 8 years old. The results showed that bark varied little among families and provenances, but heartwood (diameter and percentage) showed high genetic variation. SG and MC-G showed significant variation between provenances and families, while GD showed little variation. Among the mechanical properties evaluated, the greatest genetic variation was observed in the MOR in bending and shear stress. Families from the Coope San Juan provenance registered the highest values in all wood properties investigated, and families from Puerto Viejo obtained the lowest. Family heritability and the coefficient of genetic variation exhibited high values in heartwood/sapwood and the MOR in bending (h2 > 0.9 and CV > 20%) and lower values in SG, MC-G, compression stress, and shear stress. D. panamensis wood properties have a high potential to be improved through breeding programs.

KINERJA RANTAI PASOK FILLET IKAN PATIN BEKU DI DESA KOTO MESJID KECAMATAN XIII KOTO KAMPAR KABUPATEN KAMPAR (SUATU KASUS PADA CV. GRAHA PRATAMA FISH)

Koto Mesjid village is familiar with named “Kampung Patin”, one of pangasius fish cultivator is CV. Graha Pratama Fish. The purpose this research was to analyze value-added of frozen pangasius fish fillets, to know the person of the supply chain in frozen pangasius fish fillets, to know circle supply chain in frozen pangasius fish fillets and to analyze the performance of supply chain in frozen pangasius fish fillets. Using a case study, data was analyzed by Model DEA-CCR. This result evidence that value-added obtained is IDR 6,391 per Kg. The person of the supply chain in frozen pangasius fish fillets are a supplier of pangasius fish raw material, entrepreneur of frozen pangasius fish fillets and customer. The circle supply chain consists of product flow, financial flow and information flow. The performance SCOR of frozen pangasius fish fillets generally is performing well. DEA in frozen pangasius fish fillets has 5 suppliers that achieve 100% efficiency in green condition, from December 2018 to January 2019. While the frozen pangasius fish fillets supply chain achieve 100% efficiency in green condition obtained in January 2019. Cash-to-cash cycle time sensitivity is the most influential variable on efficiency value of the pangasius fish supply chain and there is no sensitivity value that most influences the efficiency of frozen pangasius fish fillets. Recommendations for improvement of the total potential improvement namely variable input cash-to-cash cycle time 98,78% and input costs 1,22%.

European beech log and lumber grading in wet and dry conditions using longitudinal vibration

In Central Europe, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is the most frequently occurring hardwood species. An efficient grading method has the potential to promote its utilisation as construction material. Wood density, eigenfrequency and length were measured in 99 European beech logs for calculating the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) obtained by longitudinal vibration (resonance). In addition, the log taper was measured. Of those logs, 867 boards were cut using a bandsaw. The MOEdyn in green condition was determined on 505 of the boards and the MOEdyn in dry conditions was determined on all of them. The r2 value between the MOEdyn of a log and the mean of MOEdyn of its boards was 0.72 in the wet condition. The MOEdyn,12% of boards significantly increased by 88 N mm−2 for each centimetre away from the pith. The negative effect of log taper on MOEdyn of boards was barely significant (P-value = 0.050). The MOEdyn,12% was highly dependent on the MOEdyn,wet (r2 = 0.83) and was 17% higher than the MOEdyn,wet. The mechanical properties of European beech timber exceed those of European softwood species. However, the relationships regarding MOEdyn between different grading levels in the processing chain appear to be similar to those of softwoods.

Overview on developed synthesis procedures of coumarin heterocycles

Considering highly valuable biological and pharmaceutical properties of coumarins, the synthesis of these heterocycles has been considered for many organic and pharmaceutical chemists. This review includes the recent research in synthesis methods of coumarin systems, investigating their biological properties and describing the literature reports for the period of 2016 to the middle of 2020. In this review, we have classified the contents based on co-groups of coumarin ring. These reported methods are carried out in the classical and non-classical conditions particularly under green condition such as using green solvent, catalyst and other procedures.

A ferrocene functionalized Schiff base containing Cu(ii) complex: synthesis, characterization and parts-per-million level catalysis for azide alkyne cycloaddition

Highly efficient ferrocene functionalized Schiff base containing copper(ii) complex enables diverse 1,2,3-triazoles under green condition with parts-per-million catalyst level.