Tectonics of avoidance

This article unfolds as a dialogue between architectural and economics concerns on how a sustainable circular practice can be introduced and upscaled in construction. It will point towards absolute sustainable targets and will be analyze in juxtaposition to the (weak) economic drivers that can get us there (Brejnrod et al., 2017; Eberhardt et al., 2020). First, it is established that sustainable innovation is design strategies that simplify construction in order to avoid environmental impacts tied to building material overuse. These strategies are defined as tectonics of avoidance and consist of two, direct and indirect, approaches to architectural design. Common for both is that as innovation they must be understood more at applied complex knowledge more than a specific product. In the second part of the article, we discuss how this kind of information (knowledge) can be applied in the economic circumstances that frame construction and architecture today. How it challenges the path-dependency of design methods today and how information and complex knowledge can be ‘sold’ in an ‘open source’ or ‘closed’ approach to the existing marked for construction.

Addressing the Upper Third of the Nose in Endonasal Rhinoplasty

Effective management of the upper nasal vault is based on a thorough preoperative analysis and detailed understanding of the requisite principles and techniques utilized to modify the anatomic structures in this region. The surgeon must equally consider form and function when performing manipulation of the upper nasal vault. Special considerations apply when managing this anatomic region via an endonasal or closed approach. A review of this topic is presented with a focus on techniques as they apply to the endonasal rhinoplasty patient.

How to Appropriate Value from General-Purpose Technology by Applying Open Innovation

Artificial intelligence increasingly attracts attention and investments. However, appropriating value from this general-purpose technology (GPT) can be difficult. To understand these challenges, this article analyzes why IBM failed to generate significant profits from IBM Watson Health despite its promising starting points. The findings suggest that, considering the characteristics of GPT, an overly closed approach for taking it to market contributed to the failure. Furthermore, conditions such as the immaturity and the complexity of the application field intensified the challenges. This study suggests that using a strong appropriability regime in open innovation can enhance the appropriation of value from a GPT.

Periodontal evaluation of palatally impacted maxillary canines treated by closed approach with ultrasonic surgery and orthodontic treatment: a retrospective pilot study

Aim of this study is the evaluation of the periodontal status of impacted canines treated by closed approach with ultrasonic surgery and orthodontic treatment compared with contralateral spontaneously erupted teeth. The periodontal conditions of the teeth adjacent to the canines (lateral incisors and first premolar) were also considered. 17 patients (9 females and 8 males; mean age: 15.2 years) with unilateral palatal impaction of maxillary canine were selected. All patients were treated by closed-flap surgery with ultrasonic instruments. Periodontal status was evaluated by assessing probing depth (PD), gingival recession and width of keratinized tissue (KT) 4.6 months after the end of the orthodontic treatment, on average. Test group was composed by impacted elements and adjacent teeth and control group by contralateral spontaneously erupted canines and adjacent teeth. Student's t-test was used to compare test and control group values of PD and width of KT. Significance threshold for Student's t-test was set at p < 0.05. The average probing depth values show no significant clinical differences between the test and control groups. Probing depths recorded at the mesiovestibular and distopalatal sides of the impacted canine were statistically significant compared to the control elements (p < 0.05). No gingival recession was detected on the treated canines. The measurement of KT did not differ significantly between the test and the control groups. In conclusion, the ultrasonic surgery for disinclusion associated with a closed approach and orthodontic traction allows the alignment of an impacted palatal canine without damaging the periodontium.

Ambivalent Behavior in Portugal, Spain, and Italy

In the three countries that make up the Ambivalent model—Italy, Spain, and Portugal—police may or may not choose to inform crime reporters when a suspect has been arrested. Arrest records do not become public until official charges are filed, and the prosecutor/judge determines that the suspect will be held for trial. This relatively closed approach protects both the police investigation and the suspect’s right to the presumption of innocence, but unofficial actions reflect a lack of commitment to those purposes. The seal on records can spring leaks. Police and prosecutors dole out details about the accused and the alleged crime to the press—but they often favor news outlets whose coverage they like. Reporters, in turn, court police for such favors with the stories they produce. If police are not forthcoming, reporters often seek details from witnesses and hope police will confirm what they find.

Comparison of Different In Vivo Animal Models of Brachial Plexus Avulsion and Its Application in Pain Study

Brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) are high-energy trauma that can result in serious functional problems in the affected upper extremities, and brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) could be considered the most severe type of them. The booming occurrence rate of BPA brings up devastating impact on patients’ life. Complications of muscle atrophy, neuropathic pain, and denervation-associated psychological disorders are major challenges in the treatment of BPA. Animal models of BPA are good vehicles for this kind of research. Full understanding of the current in vivo BPA models, which could be classified into anterior approach avulsion, posterior approach avulsion, and closed approach avulsion groups, could help researchers select the appropriate type of models for their studies. Each group of the BPA model has its distinct merits and demerits. An ideal BPA model that can inherit the advantages and make up for the disadvantages is still required for further exploration.

Artificial Intelligence as a Dual-use Technology

The aim of this article is to give an overview of the state of artificial intelligence regarding malware attacks, its uses in the military and views regarding if it should be classified as a dual-use technology. As an emerging technology, with a wide variety of use and capabilities, more could be done to overview its uses, and some form of control over it. While the classical exports control might be counterproductive, a more closed approach towards critical information dissemination might be advisable until the full range of capabilities of artificial intelligence will be known.