Economic prerequisite of milk production growth in Ukraine

In the article the resulted research, on the basis of which certainly and grounded basic economic prerequisite of milk production growth in Ukraine. Also investigational dynamics of quantity of cows in the economies of all categories and basic structural tendencies are set. Grounded descending dynamics of milk production, in particular in the households. Investigational balance of production of milk and dairy products in Ukraine during 2010–2020 years. It is set that one of principal reasons of negative tendencies, which take place in the suckling cattle breeding of Ukraine there is absence the economic stimulus of milk production and capital investments through the low level of purchase prices from the households, which does not cover incurred charges by them. It is offered as a result of research, that dairy farming development it is necessary to provide realization of complex organizational and economic measures, related to optimization of distribution internal fields profit, which is formed in dairy production complex, by establishment of the grounded purchase prices on milk from the households. The minimum standard of purchase prices is expected for the households, which will defray costs production and provide the receipt of level of profitability, which will stimulate maintenance of cows herd in economies. Development of the system of deliberative services is also offered, in particular informative providing of subjects of manage in dairy farming. Grounded introduction of vertical diversification for the milk producers in Ukraine, by deepening the processing of raw material on eventual commodities and network development sales on local markets, with the purpose of achievement of higher level influence on forming the last bid on dairy products. Also in the article the use of the specialized investment funds is offered in relation to bringing in financial resources in the dairy farming with application of comfortable for potential investors on-line of platforms and informative resources.

On the strategy for establishing a socially strong state and developing the civic and public culture of the Russian population

Author of the article characterizes the active-reasonable foundations of the formation of wórthy living conditions of the Russian population with the participation of a socially strong state and thanks to the All-Civilian Enlightenment the foundations of a mature composite-creating culture of interactions of citizens in society. The political and economic prerequisite for a wórthy life of well-being, and on its basis – a constitutional social state. To implement it, a mature composite-creative culture of interactions of citizens in society (civil-social culture) is needed. It is necessary to start moving in this direction now - with the preparation and experimental testing of the program of the All-Civil Enlightenment, clarification of the foundations and benefits of the mature state of this culture. An initiative by social and humanities professionals to create a project for such a programme is required.

Implementation of the Supreme Soviet Presidium Decree of June 26, 1940 in July ‒ December 1941 (on the Materials of Perm Region)

It is considered the law enforcement practice of implementing the Decree of 26 June 1940 before the adoption of the Decree of 26 December 1941, which increased the criminal penalty for desertion from the labour front. On the basis of statistics on the number of convicted and excluded from the party for violations of labour discipline the author points out the refusal of the party-State authorities to continue the unsystematic punitive policy. This refusal was manifested in the purposeful division of violators of labour discipline into "malicious" and "accidental," in the rules on prevention of illegal cases of criminal prosecution, in some reduction of the number of persons brought to criminal and party disciplinary responsibility, in the general easing and revision of severe penalties. This was due to the high level of social tension caused by the previous course of strengthening punitive policy in the field of labour legal relations and the updated failed outbreak of war. However, during the first six months of the war the number and social composition of rear workers begins to change significantly: in conditions of acute shortage of personnel, the share of low-skilled labor force in the person of graduates of schools of factory training and craft schools mobilized from rural areas by collective farmers, labor workers and prisoners increases. These changes took place in the context of the restructuring of the economy into "military tracks," which was accompanied by the disruption of economic ties between enterprises and the disruption of the supply of raw materials, the downtime of production and the failure to carry out increasing defense tasks, and a significant decrease in the standard of living of workers. This became a socio-economic prerequisite for a rather critical level of negative labour deviations which called into question the performance of defense orders by military industry enterprises. In turn, this circumstance has led to a significant increase in criminal penalties for unauthorized abandonment of the place of work.

Geopolitical meridians of world-class universities

This article discusses results from two waves (2017, 2019) of world-class universities identification, thus allowing provision of a geopolitical snapshot of advanced universities global market. Results show that United Europe is becoming a leader, while Asia and the United States positions have worsened. Economic and cultural factors are based on different countries foundations of success in formation of global universities. The quality of the economic prerequisite involves the existence of global high-tech companies in the country; their number and strength determine the number and strength of world-class universities. The quality of the cultural prerequisite involves wide dissemination of the philosophy of cooperation, that is, intensive national and international exchange experience among universities through creation of numerous collaborations, for example, international leagues and unions, regional consortia and groups, and professional associations and alliances.

Broken Windows as Growth Machines: Who Benefits from Urban Disorder and Crime?

Using interview data from two groups in the Woodlawn neighborhood on Chicago's South Side—mothers of young children and neighborhood merchants—this paper suggests a way of connecting two dominant ways of conceiving of physical disorder in urban spaces, one of which focuses on physical disorder as a root of social disorder and another that focuses on physical disorder as an economic prerequisite for gentrification. Specifically, elites can deploy signs of disorder in moral and reputational terms in the urban political arena to gain economic advantages for themselves. While people in the neighborhood might suffer serious consequences because of their neighborhood's bad reputation and the attendant ecological contamination, elites can exploit it. This new paradigm, in which broken windows enter the service of the growth machine, is called the opportunistic disorder paradigm.