Connection between Anthropogenic Water Diversion and Hydrodynamic Condition in Plain River Network

The increase in the rate of water renewal driven by hydrodynamics contributes to improving the water quality of the plain river network. Taking the lakeside river network in Wuxi as an example, through numerical simulation, polynomial fitting, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis, the hydrodynamic responses of urban lake-connected river networks to water diversion and hydrodynamic grouping were researched. Based on numerical model and influence weight analysis, we explored the improvement of hydrodynamic conditions of plain river network with strong human intervention and high algal water diversion. The results showed that: (1) The relationship between water diversion impact on river network flow velocity and water diversion flux was not as simple a linear relationship. It could be reflected by polynomial. The water transfer interval in dry season with high hydrodynamic efficiency (HE) was lower than 10 m3/s and higher than 30 m3/s, and the HE increased significantly when the water transfer flow was higher than 20 m3/s in the wet season. (2) According to the main hydrodynamic driving factors, the channels in the river network could be divided into three types: water conservancy projects, river and lake water level difference, and river channel characteristic. The correlations of rivers’ flow velocity in each group were very high. (3) The influence weights of water conservancy projects, river and lake water level difference, and river channel characteristic on the whole river network dynamics were 65, 21, and 12.4%, respectively, and the other factors contributed 1.6% of the weight.

Design and Simulation of InP and Silicon Nanowires With Different Channel Characteristic as Biosensors to Improve Output Sensitivity

This research contains a good comparison among technologies of SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET depending on the size of channel and dopants in channel for biosensing application based on the width and dopants for two types of silicon and InP materials in the nanowire channel. A device numerical modelling tool, Silvaco ATLAS is used in step one to design three p-type SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET biosensors with a channel width of 40­­­ nm, 60 nm and 70 nm for these two types of materials and in step two to design three p-type SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET biosensors with different dopants of 0.1×1014 cm-3, 1×1014 cm-3 and 10×1014 cm-3 for these two types of materials. Their sensing process is depended on the alteration in charge density that causes changing in the electric field at the surface of the SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET. The resistivity of the device is changed when a negatively charged biomolecules species has a chemical reaction with the external surface of a P-type SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET. To investigate the effect of different channel width and dopants on the performance of the SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET biosensor, several negatively interface charge densities, QF (-0.1×1012 cm-2, -0.5×1012 cm-2, and -1×1012 cm-2) are introduced on the surface of the SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET channel to represent as the actual target analytics (DNA) captured by the bioreceptor of the biosensor. Based on the results, these negatively QF attract the hole carriers below the surface of p-type nanowire causes to collect carriers in the channel, and make an increase in the device output ID. Increase of the applied negative charge density has allowed for more ID to flow across the channel between drain and source region. The changes of ID with the applied QF are utilized to determine the sensitivities for all designed biosensor with different channel width and channel dopants. The minimum nanowire width of 40 nm with the minimum nanowire dopants of 0.1×1014 cm-3 for the high sensitivity silicon state of 3.6 μA/cm-2 compared to the indium phosphide state of 2.8 μA/cm-2. So the best performance for detecting the desired analyte in the silicon state with the lowest width and dopant to be seen.

Customer’s Choice of Purchasing Channel: Do Channel Characteristic, Brand, and Loyalty Matter When Shopping in Hybrid Retailers?

Despite the increasing interest of researchers in the factors that lead customers to buy online, attention has not yet been paid to the factors in hybrid companies, where it is possible to choose both online and offline purchasing channels. Therefore, this paper is focused on investigating the importance of factors that affect customers in both environments. Data were obtained from 1021 respondents using an online panel from the IPSOS research company in Czechia in 2019. Two content analyses were used to obtain results. Attention was also focused on the perception of brand/loyalty in shifting retailers to the online environment or offline environment. The aim of the paper is to find out what factors and how they influence customers when deciding of purchasing channel. The results show the choice of channel is influenced by factors given by channel benefits, the product, brand perception, loyalty, and customer characteristics. Within hybrid retailers, the most preferred purchasing channel is still the offline channel. However, the results also show a significant impact of brand perception and loyalty in the transition of hybrid retailers to a purely online or offline environment, which significantly opens up opportunities for retailing management within sustainable brand management.

Quantifying Downstream, Vertical and Lateral Variation in Fluvial Deposits: Implications From the Huesca Distributive Fluvial System

Quantifying sedimentary deposits is crucial to fully test generic trends cited within facies models. To date, few studies have quantified downstream trends alongside vertical and lateral variations within distributive fluvial systems (DFS), with most studies reporting qualitative trends. This study reports on the generation of a quantitative dataset on the Huesca DFS, Ebro Basin, Spain, in which downstream, vertical and lateral trends in channel characteristics are analyzed using a fusion of field data and virtual outcrop model derived data (VOM). Vertical trend analysis reveals that the exposed portion of the Huesca DFS does not show any systematic changes through time, which suggests autogenic-driven local variability. Proximal-to-distal trends from field data display a downstream decrease in average channel body thicknesses (13.1–0.7 m), channel deposit percentage (70–4%), and average storey thicknesses (5.2–0.7 m) and confirm trends observed on other DFS. The VOM dataset shows a similar downstream trend in all characteristics. The range in values are, however, larger due to the increase in amount of data that can be collected, and trends are thus less clear. This study therefore highlights that standard field techniques do not capture the variability that can be present in outcrops. Channel percentage was found to be most variable (37% variation) in the medial setting, whereas channel body thickness is most variable (∼15 m range) in the proximal setting. Storey thickness varied in both the proximal and medial settings (range of 9 and 11 m for field and VOM data respectively) becoming more consistent downstream. Downstream shifts in architecture are also noted from massive, highly amalgamated channel-body sandstones in proximal regions to isolated or offset-stacked channel-bodies dominating the distal region. Trends are explained by spatial variability in DFS processes and preservation potential. The overlap present indicates that no single value is representative of position within a DFS, which has important implications for interpreting the location that a data point sits within a DFS when using limited (i.e., single log) datasets. These comparative results contribute to improving the accuracy of system-scale downstream predictions for channel characteristic variability within subsurface deposits.