Assessment of Job Risks in the Chemical Laboratory of the Pharmacy Study Program with Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Techniques

Chemistry laboratory organizes practicum, one of them quantitative pharmaceutical chemistry which uses a variety of chemicals and tools where if not careful, not following instructions or procedures even underestimate will cause work accidents and/ or occupational illness. Is observational descriptive research on the job risk assessments in chemical laboratories prodi pharmacy with JSA techniques aimed at finding out the risk of work performed. Population is type practicum work in chemistry laboratory and the sample is quantitative pharmaceutical chemistry practicum. Data collection techniques i.e. the work that has been selected is further determined with the working procedure and the working steps and then determines the findings of errors from each step of the work then further identify the potential hazards of each step of the work. Data analysis techniques is data from each finding of errors determined potential injury / danger / loss and its impact is then calculated risk value (risk matrix) i.e. the value of consequences multiplied by opportunity value where the results are could grouped into risk extreme, high, medium or low that continued with to determine safeguards measures that can be done to control the such danger. The results showed that performs the titration step has high very risk level value compared to another work step other of pharmaceutical chemical practicum quantitative. Titration activities carry an extreme or significant risk of harm when performed incompatible with working measures and unsafe with potential danger (disadvantage) is liquid evaporates (inhaled), disturbances The End Point of the Titration: change in color and determination of concentration, and perform movements manual repetitive continuously namely mixing the liquid or rotating the container (erlenmeyer) contains a chemical liquid by hand continuously. Chemistry laboratory organizes practicum, one of them quantitative pharmaceutical chemistry which uses a variety of chemicals and tools where if not careful, not following instructions or procedures even underestimate will cause work accidents and/ or occupational illness. Is observational descriptive research on the job risk assessments in chemical laboratories prodi pharmacy with JSA techniques aimed at finding out the risk of work performed. Population is type practicum work in chemistry laboratory and the sample is quantitative pharmaceutical chemistry practicum. Data collection techniques i.e. the work that has been selected is further determined with the working procedure and the working steps and then determines the findings of errors from each step of the work then further identify the potential hazards of each step of the work. Data analysis techniques is data from each finding of errors determined potential injury / danger / loss and its impact is then calculated risk value (risk matrix) i.e. the value of consequences multiplied by opportunity value where the results are could grouped into risk extreme, high, medium or low that continued with to determine safeguards measures that can be done to control the such danger. The results showed that performs the titration step has high very risk level value compared to another work step other of pharmaceutical chemical practicum quantitative. Titration activities carry an extreme or significant risk of harm when performed incompatible with working measures and unsafe with potential danger (disadvantage) is liquid evaporates (inhaled), disturbances The End Point of the Titration: change in color and determination of concentration, and perform movements manual repetitive continuously namely mixing the liquid or rotating the container (erlenmeyer) contains a chemical liquid by hand continuously.

Titration of free phenolic groups in pulps 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

The ClO2 titration method for in situ measurement of free phenolic groups in pulp has been improved to minimize interferences from other groups susceptible to react with ClO2. The method is based upon the reaction between free phenolic groups and chlorine dioxide at a temperature of 0°C, in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide. Theoretically, one free phenolic group consumes two molecules of ClO2. The pH of the ClO2 treatment was advantageously fixed at 6.7 using a phosphate buffer, and a new protocol was proposed to avoid any possible interference of quinone groups (either present in pulp or formed during the procedure) on the residual ClO2 titration step. The results obtained on isolated lignin samples were compared to those measured by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The ClO2 method gave substantially higher values, for reasons which deserve further investigation.

Hapten-heterologous conjugates evaluated for application to free thyroxine immunoassays

We evaluated the effect of hapten heterology on free thyroxine (FT4) immunoassays involving the biotin-streptavidin system and time-resolved fluorometry. We compared protein derivatives of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) as solid-phase antigen or biotinylated protein-tracer conjugate for competitive (or sequential) binding to a mouse anti-T4 monoclonal antibody. In both one- and two-step assays, the heterologous combination of the antibody and T3 conjugates showed superior standard curve sensitivity but up to eightfold lower zero standard signal (B(o)) when the same amounts of antibody and conjugates were used. The improved sensitivity was not altered when the amount of coupled T3 was increased to obtain a B(o) value similar to that of the homologous combination of antibody and T4 conjugates. In the two-step format, the sensitivity of the homologous assay was insufficient for routine use, consistent with displacement of bound T4 during the antibody back-titration step (demonstrated in the T4 displacement experiment with excess conjugate). Results from the one-step (labeled antibody) heterologous assay for approximately 85 clinical samples correlated well with those from an immunofluorometric assay and a two-step radioimmunoassay. The assay was not affected by a wide variation in endogenous serum concentrations of T4-binding globulin and albumin.

Nitrogen Specific Ion Electrodes for Soil, Plant, and Water Analysis

The nitrate specific ion electrode and the ammonia and nitrogen dioxide gas-sensing combination electrodes offer simple methods of analyses of plants, soils, and water. The nitrate electrode measures activity of the nitrate ion in solution and is susceptible to interfering ions, particularly Cl. Considerable discrepancies exist in the literature concerning nitrate extracting solutions and buffering solutions used to eliminate interferences with the nitrate electrode. An evaluation of ionic strength adjusters, used to alleviate fluctuating ionic background interferences, indicates (NH4)2SO4 produces consistent results without adversely affecting life of the nitrate electrode. Ammonia electrode determination of total nitrogen in soil, plant, and water samples is a rapid method that eliminates the time-consuming distillation-titration step. The nitrogen dioxide electrode is relatively new and little information is available concerning methodology and its potential problems.

Ein neues Verfahren zur spektrometrischen Analyse von Metallkomplex-Lösungen / A New Method for Spectrometric Analysis of Complex Metal Solutions

A new simple method is given to analyse potentiometrically titrated and spectrophotometrically measured complex-solutions of the system AH ⇌ A + H3O+ and n • A + M ⇌ MAn. The absorbance coefficients of the metal complex MAn and the stability constants can be determined for each titration step by construction of the “extinction triangle” in the (two-dimensional) absorbance (E) diagram. It is not necessary to know the absolute pH value of the solution. The titration of 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid/zinc sulfate in water is shown as an example.

Direct Potentiometric Titration of Urea with Urease

AOAC method 2.070–2.071 for determining urea with urease was shown to yield varying results according to the analyst’s interpretation of titrating to a neutral end point. The method was modified to allow the end point of the titration to correspond to the break point of ammonium carbonate (pH 4.2), which is the compound being titrated in the urea analysis. This modified method proved to be a more accurate means of urea analysis. The AOAC method was further modified and simplified by eliminating the back-titration step. Ammonium carbonate may be titrated directly to pH 4.2 without over-acidifying to eliminate carbon dioxide.