Joint Dynamic Innovation and Pricing Decisions for the ODM Supply Chain

More and more companies in the supply chain choose the cooperation mode of original design and manufacturing (ODM). This paper investigates the problems of the joint design innovation and pricing strategies for the ODM supply chain by considering the impact of the dynamic of quality level on market demand. First, applying differential game theory, optimal strategies for design innovation, and pricing under decentralized and centralized scenarios are obtained. At the same time, the optimal strategies under the two decision-making scenarios are compared and analyzed. Second, a two-part tariff contract is introduced to coordinate the decentralized ODM supply chain. Finally, we further establish a Nash bargaining model among members of the supply chain. It is found that, in a centralized system, the design innovation efforts, product quality levels, and supply chain profits in the decentralized decision scenario are lower than that in the centralized decision scenario, but the selling price relationship in both scenarios depends on the parameters of the operating system.

An Auxiliary Index for Reducing Brent Crude Investment Risk—Evaluating the Price Relationships between Brent Crude and Commodities

Examining the price relationships of Brent Crude with 78 global commodities, our study shows that the spot price of a certain commodity, New York Harbor No. 2 Heating Oil Spot Price FOB, can serve as an auxiliary forecasting index of the rise and fall of the monthly Brent Crude oil price. With an innovative view for evaluating the price relationship and prediction based on simple, practical measurement, our findings provide a helpful auxiliary index tool for investors and analysts by offering a high success rate (82.98%) and predicting the rise and fall of the monthly Brent Crude oil price three weeks in advance.

Analysis on the Housing Price Relationship Network of Large and Medium-Sized Cities in China Based on Gravity Model

The relationship among cities is getting closer, so are housing prices. Based on the sale price of stocking houses in thirty-five large and medium-sized cities in China from 2010 to 2021, this study established the modified gravity model and used the method of social network analysis to explore the spatial linkage of urban housing prices. The results show that: (1) from the overall network structure, the integration degree of housing price network in China is still at a low stage, and the influence of housing price is polarized; (2) from the individual network structure, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Hefei have a higher degree of centrality. Chengdu, Xining, Kunming, Urumqi, and Lanzhou stay in an isolation position every year; (3) from the results of cohesive subgroup analysis, different cities play different roles in the block each year and have different influences on other cities. (4) Emergencies, such as outbreaks of COVID-19, also have an impact on the housing price network. Structural divergence among urban housing prices has become more pronounced, and the diversity of house price network has been somewhat reduced. Based on the above findings, this paper puts forward some recommendations for the healthy development of housing market from the perspective of housing price network.

The Effect of Price, Relationship Marketing and Word Of Mouth Towards Purchasing Decision

This research intended to understand the effect of price, relationship marketing and word of mouth towards purchasing decision on CV. Wonokoyo Gasindo in Beji Pasuruan. This research includes quantitative research with hypothesis test. Sampling in this study was carried out by probability sampling method with the type of simple random sampling with a total of 100 respondents of CV. Wonokoyo Gasindo consumers. Analysis tool used multiple linear regression analysis, classic assumption test, t-test, F test, multiple correlation coefficient and multiple coefficient of determination (R2) by using the SPSS 25.0. version application program. Primary data obtained trough questionnaire whose meassurement uses likert scale. Finally, the data declared valid and reliable. The research results establish that price has an effect to purchasing decision. Relationship marketing has an effect to purchasing decision. Word of mouth has an effect to purchasing decision. Price, relationship marketing and word of mouth have a simultaneously effect to purchasing decision on CV. Wonokoyo Gasindo in Beji Pasuruan.