The Potency of Candida albicans Protein Extract as Bioresptor on Immunocencor to Diagnose Candidiasis

So far, diagnosing on candidiasis has still been limited in standard blood culture. The traditional method of this microbiology culture is less sensitive, many patients with candidasis infection have negative blood culture, and need a long time. This case encourage many researchers to use another alternative methode to diagnose. The purpose of this research is to examine the potency of Candida albicans protein extract as bioreseptor on immunocencor to detect Candida albicans and its biofilm in the blood of candidiasis patients. The research method which is used is descriptive with the following steps : (1) isolating enzim from the liquid of digestive gland of snail (Achatina fulica); (2) extraction of protein candida albicans through enzimatis and mechanic methods and (3) Analyzing the protein extract as bioreseptor through immunodot assay.The research result shows that the snail enzyme has the protein content 1.35 mg/ml and the specific activity 1.96 unit/mg. This snail enzyme can hydrolyze the cell wall of Candidia albicans and, with the help oh sonication, produce extract of planktonic extracel protein (PEP) and biofilm (PEB), extract of planktonic intracell protein (PIP), and biofilm (PIB), with each protein content 1.44; 1.29; 1.29 and 1.21 mg/ml. The characeristic of biofilm intracell protein (PIB) is antigenic on antibody anti-candida (positive control) with giving red spot on immunodot assay. Immunodot assay can distinguish negative control serum (health man) and positive Candidiasis control by using antigen 1 ng/nl and 50nl serum.

Direct deamination of AMP, ADP, ATP and NADH by non-specific adenylate deaminase in the foot muscle of the snail Helix pomatia

Homogeneous adenylate deaminase from snail foot muscle deaminated 5′-AMP, 5′-ADP, 5′-ATP and NADH with similar velocity and affinity to all substrates. At millimolar concentration NAD+ was also deaminated to a comparable extent, but NADP+, NADPH and FAD were not substrates for the snail enzyme. The amount of deaminase activity per g of fresh tissue is 5-10 times greater than in the muscle of any other species studied. The activity of the snail deaminase is regulated by pH, KCl and buffer concentrations, and Pi; however, regulation seems to be very poor in comparison with that of muscle deaminases from other species, specific to 5′-AMP. Snail enzyme appears as the first animal deaminase so far described that has such characteristics. It offers also some opportunities as an analytical tool as a consequence of its very high affinity toward adenylates.

Optimization on the selection of auxotrophic mutants in Candida utilis by snail enzyme treatment

The determination of the best conditions for the application of the snail enzyme digestion method in the enrichment of auxotrophic mutants in Candida utilis was carried out following Box and Wilson's mathematical method. The selection procedure proposed was tested in the enrichment of auxotrophic mutants from a mutagenized culture of a wild-type strain. Mutant frequency was increased 46-fold by treatment with snail enzyme. The method also proved useful in the selection of additional auxotrophic mutations from single auxotrophs.