Fullerite C60 optical constants in the C 1s NEXAFS region

Using data on the absorption cross sections the refraction coefficient spectral dependence n(E) and the spectra of the remaining optical coefficients (reflection coefficient, phase shift, and atomic form factor) in the fullerite C60 C 1s near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) region (280–350 eV) were determined. For the n(E) calculations the Kramers-Kronig integral relations (KKRs) were used. The KKR computations were performed using data on atomic carbon absorption cross sections in the 10–30000 eV range and on solid and gaseous C60 – in the 0–120 eV. Absorption cross section spectrum in the fullerite C60 C 1s NEXAFS region were measured.

Preferred characterization of orbital infection (cellulitis) with exposure dose and relative medication

Background: A retrospective study presenting the endemic orbital infection (cellulitis) that breakout during dusty storm season; aiming to ascertain and showing the precedence of MRI for diagnosis of orbital infection rather than CT and revealing the diagnostic abilities of cross-sectional matrices spectrum.Methods: Based on retrospective collection of diagnostics (CT and MRI) information for randomly selected patients with cellulitis and the targeting the relevant data (image interpretation, exposure dose (DLP and CTDIvol), age, BMI and matrix cross-section spectrum findings).Results: The exposure dose of orbital CT exam was 59.4 (mGy) as CT dose index (CTDIvol) and 917.3 (mGy/cm) as dose length product (DLP) that increase by increment of age and BMI. The obese patients only exposed to dose exceeding the National Diagnostic Reference by 2.8%. MRI confirmed the inflammation around the optic nerve and extension to posterio-inferior portion of the globe and affecting the optic nerve with left sided proptosis (0.5cm) better than CT. The cross-sectional matrix successfully revealed that: the Lt optic nerve’s gray value (density) increases by a factor of 17.7 (a u) and enlarged by 5 pixels greater than the Rt optic nerve. Thickening, rough surface increased gray value by 30.5 (a u), muco-thickening and choncheal enlargement at the medial boarder of Lt orbit as 10.0 pixel and Lt eye ball enlarged by a factor of 10.9 pixels.Conclusions: MRI wisely diagnose orbital infection with more details and overcoming patient radiation exposure and usage of image spectrum gives detailed characterization of lesion morphology.

Application of an Optimized SLW Model to Calculation of Non-Gray Radiation Heat Transfer in a Furnace

The spectral line based weighted sum of gray gases (SLW) model is considered as an advanced model, which can solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE) in non-gray participating media by dividing the absorption cross section spectrum into a limited number of intervals. Each interval is then treated as a gray gas medium, in which the attributed RTE should be solved separately. Therefore, the SLW model would be computationally more efficient than the other non-gray participating media solvers because it is faced with a small number of RTE solutions. In this work, we present a novel optimized SLW model and applied it to radiation heat transfer calculation in a model furnace. The current optimized SLW model with only 3 gray gases can provide accuracy close to the line-by-line (LBL) method. This is while the classic nonoptimized SLW model cannot provide the same level of accuracy imposing only 3 gray gases. Therefore, we strongly recommend the optimized SLW model to calculate the radiation heat transfer in non-gray combustion gas mixtures.

Preparation of Nafion/SiO2 Composite Membrane of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell

Membranes are made by doping and modifying the Nafion117 with Nano-silica(SiO2). The penetration and the proton conductivity of composite membrane are studied through gas chromatograph and electrochemical workstation. With the help of cross-section spectrum, it shows that the SiO2 particles can penetrate the internal membrane and the weight percentage is greater than 0.1% after doping and modifying the membranes of Nafion117, so the SiO2 particles has a very good combination with the substrate. The membrane which is handled by Sol on 60°C has high proton conductivity and high water retention performance in high temperature. The permeability coefficient of membrane which is handled by Sol on 60°C and by the other ways are 4.07×10-4cm2/s and 8.13×10-4 cm2/s respectively. It shows that the permeability coefficient of ethanol membrane is reduced by half after the Nafion117 membrane is handled by Sol on 60°C.