Rapid evidence review to inform safe return to campus in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted predominantly through the air in crowded and unventilated indoor spaces, especially among unvaccinated people. Universities and colleges are potential settings for its spread. Methods: An interdisciplinary team from public health, virology, and biology used narrative methods to summarise and synthesise evidence on key control measures, taking account of mode of transmission. Results: Evidence from a wide range of primary studies supports six measures. Vaccinate (aim for > 90% coverage and make it easy to get a jab). Require masks indoors, especially in crowded settings. If everyone wears well-fitting cloth masks, source control will be high, but for maximum self-protection, respirator masks should be worn. Masks should not be removed for speaking or singing. Space people out by physical distancing (but there is no “safe” distance because transmission risk varies with factors such as ventilation, activity levels and crowding), reducing class size (including offering blended learning), and cohorting (students remain in small groups with no cross-mixing). Clean indoor air using engineering controls—ventilation (while monitoring CO2 levels), inbuilt filtration systems, or portable air cleaners fitted with high efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filters). Test asymptomatic staff and students using lateral flow tests, with tracing and isolating infectious cases when incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high. Support clinically vulnerable people to work remotely. There is no direct evidence to support hand sanitising, fomite controls or temperature-taking. There was no evidence that freestanding plastic screens, face visors and electronic air-cleaning systems are effective. Conclusions: The above evidence-based measures should be combined into a multi-faceted strategy to maximise both student safety and the continuation of in-person and online education provision. Those seeking to provide a safe working and learning environment should collect data (e.g. CO2 levels, room occupancy) to inform their efforts.

‘Many pieces one family’: An elaboration of one family’s bereavement experiences

There has been considerable research on bereavement and the concept of continuing bonds. However, there is a distinct absence of research considering bereavement, continuing bonds and family dynamics post-bereavement. The paper reports on a study utilising a family systems approach combined with narrative methods, tools of conversation analysis and systemic theory. This integration of approaches is used to consider how one family offers an account of their experience of bereavement. An exploration of their conversation along with visual presentation in the form of button sculpts is employed. The findings support the suggestion that it is useful to consider bereavement experiences as part of a family system. Clinical implications of the research are outlined to consider how best to support bereaved families.

The International Activity of Ordo Iuris. The Central European Actor and the Global Christian Right

Much of the research dedicated to recent political changes in Poland emphasises the conservative agenda pursued by the ruling Law and Justice party. Many of the articles briefly mention Ordo Iuris (OI). This non-governmental organisation, established in 2013, deserves a proper analysis as it presents a rare success story of an actor pursuing a pro-life agenda from Poland which is not officially affiliated with the local Catholic Church. Ordo Iuris is not only able to influence domestic socio-political dynamics but has also developed a capacity to act beyond Poland’s borders. This paper focuses on OI’s international activity with two goals in mind. Firstly, it shows how OI—with its narrative, methods and actions—fits into the broader phenomenon of the Global Christian Right. In this regard, the paper draws attention to the similarities as well as the specificities of this Central European NGO. Secondly, it discusses the consequences of entanglement in politics for Ordo Iuris’s agenda.

Efektivitas Virtual Reality Training Terhadap Kemampuan Fungsional Ekstremitas Atas pada Kasus Stroke: Studi Literatur

Background. Stroke is a disease caused by the death of tissues in the brain. Clinical problems arise such as motor, sensory, cognitive, language, and emotional disorders. Motor disorders experienced by stroke patients are a decrease in functional ability. Virtual reality training is one of the physiotherapy exercises in handling stroke cases and is estimated to be able to modulate neuroplasticity so as to improve the functional capabilities of the extremities of stroke patients. Materials and Methods. This study is a literature review study with narrative methods. Purpose. Know how effective virtual reality exercises against improving the functional ability of the upper extremities in case of stroke. Result. The provision of virtual reality exercises is proven to improve the functional capabilities of the upper extremities in stroke patients. Virtual reality exercises for stroke provide audio and visual stimulation that triggers neuro-rehabilitation resulting in cortical re-mapping. And also provide motivation that triggers stroke patients to do exercises with a lot of reps so that neuroplasticity occurs. with various parameters such as Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Scale (FMA-UE), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), and Box and Block Test (BBT). Conclusion. The administration of physiotherapy exercises using virtual reality can be an interventional solution to rehabilitate and improve the function of the upper extremities if paying attention to several things, such as virtual reality methods, dosages, and the availability of therapeutic tools. Keywords: Stroke, Virtual Reality training, Functional Abilities

Constructivist approach and relevant alternatives within the modern theory of ideology: problems and solutions

The subject of this research is the history of the development of the concept of “ideology” in the European sociopolitical theory. Emphasis is placed on constructivism as the general concept that incorporates a range of methodological approaches towards tracing the evolution of the phenomenon of ideology in the XX –XXI centuries. The study of the latest methodologies is part of the project of returning the concept of ideology to the modern sociopolitical discourse, which complies with the current standards of political knowledge. The used methodological approaches employ cultural-historical, comparative, critical-analytical and narrative methods. Special attention is given to narrative approach as an object of study and method used in the course of research. The conclusion is made on the dependence of certain aspects of the concept of ideology depend on the cultural-historical circumstances of its origin (i.e. the specificity of the Western European civilizational context). Substantiation is given to the special role of the principle of individualism as a fundamental characteristic, which distinguishes between the Western European ideology and its Russian alternative. The author determines the theoretical source that has the capacity for the development of relevant (corresponding to the theoretical inquiry of the XXI century) Russian project of ideology. The aforementioned statements define the scientific contribution and novelty of this work.

Rapid evidence review to inform safe return to campus in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted predominantly through the air in crowded and unventilated indoor spaces among unvaccinated people. Universities and colleges are potential settings for its spread. Methods: An interdisciplinary team from public health, virology, and biology used narrative methods to summarise and synthesise evidence on key control measures, taking account of mode of transmission. Results: Evidence from a wide range of primary studies supports six measures. Vaccinate (aim for > 90% coverage and make it easy to get a jab). Require masks indoors, especially in crowded settings. If everyone wears well-fitting cloth masks, source control will be high, but for maximum self-protection, respirator masks should be worn. Masks should not be removed for speaking or singing. Space people out by physical distancing (but there is no “safe” distance because transmission risk varies with factors such as ventilation, activity levels and crowding), reducing class size (including offering blended learning), and cohorting (students remain in small groups with no cross-mixing). Clean indoor air using engineering controls—ventilation (while monitoring CO2 levels), inbuilt filtration systems, or portable air cleaners fitted with high efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filters). Test asymptomatic staff and students using lateral flow tests, with tracing and isolating infectious cases when incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high. Support clinically vulnerable people to work remotely. There is no direct evidence to support hand sanitising, fomite controls or temperature-taking. There is evidence that freestanding plastic screens, face visors and electronic air-cleaning systems are ineffective. Conclusions: The above six evidence-based measures should be combined into a multi-faceted strategy to maximise both student safety and the continuation of in-person and online education provision. Staff and students seeking to negotiate a safe working and learning environment should collect data (e.g. CO2 levels, room occupancy) to inform conversations.