Agrotechnological passport of potato variety Vychegodsky

В 2017 году Институтом агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН завершен селекционный процесс нового перспективного сорта картофеля Вычегодский, адаптированного к условиям зоны рискованного земледелия, к которой относится и Республика Коми. Сорт передан в Госсорткомиссию РФ для проведения испытаний. На опытных полях института проведены трехлетние (2017–2019 годы) производственные испытания в шестипольном культурном севообороте. Предшественник – однолетние травы. Почва опытного участка дерново-подзолистая с содержанием в среднем: гумуса – 3,3%; рНkcl – 6,4; гидролитическая кислотность Гк – 1,4 мг-экв/100 г почвы; содержание азота (Nобщ.) – 90 мг/кг, фосфора (Р2О5) – 597,5 мг/кг, калия (К2О) – 103,7 мг/кг почвы. Картофель был высажен по общепринятой для с. – х. предприятий Республики Коми технологии: глубина посадки 8–10 см, густота – 47600 кустов на га, схема – 70×30 см, внесение минеральных удобрений произведено из расчета по выносу на планируемый урожай 25 т/га (N150P50K200). В качестве контролей использовались сорта Невский, Удача и сорт картофеля собственной селекции – Зырянец. Дополнительно проведена молекулярно-генетическая экспертиза ДНК сорта Вычегодский на наличие десяти маркеров генов устойчивости. Природно-климатические показатели в годы исследований продемонстрировали нестабильность, характерную для зон рискованного земледелия. Температурные показатели в 2017 и 2019 годах были выше климатической нормы, тогда как 2018 году – ниже. Все это происходило на фоне чрезмерного количества выпадающих осадков. На этом фоне по результатам производственных испытаний установлено, что средняя урожайность сорта Вычегодский была 27,2 т/га, что на 10% выше остальных сортов. Сорт показал высокое содержание сухого вещества (24,1%), крахмала (15,7%) и витамина С (7,1 мг%). В результате анализа ДНК обнаружены гены: TG-689; 57R; N195; Gro 1–4–1 и Sen 1, обуславливающие устойчивость к раку картофеля и золотистой картофельной нематоде. На основании проведенных исследований создан агротехнологический паспорт сорта картофеля Вычегодский. In 2017 the Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Federal Research Center, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences completed the breeding process of a new promising variety of potato Vychegodsky, adapted to the conditions of the risky farming zone, which includes the Komi Republic. This variety was transferred to the State Commission of the Russian Federation for testing. On the experimental fields of the institute, three-year (2017–2019) production tests were conducted in a six-field cultural crop rotation. The predecessor is annual herbs. The soil of the experimental plot is sod-podzolic with an average content of: humus – 3.3%; pHkcl – 6.4; hydrolytic acidity Ha – 1.4 m-eq/100 g of soil; nitrogen content (Ntotal) – 90 mg/kg, phosphorus (P2O5) – 597.5 mg/kg, potassium (K2O) – 103.7 mg/kg of soil. The potato was planted according to the technology generally accepted for agricultural enterprises of the Komi Republic: planting depth of 8–10 cm, density – 47600 bushes per ha, layout – 70×30 cm, mineral fertilizers were applied based on the removal of 25 t/ha to the planned crop (N150P50K200). Varieties Nevsky, Udacha and a variety of potatoes of our own selection Zyryanets were used as controls. Additionally, a molecular genetic examination of DNA of the Vychegodsky variety was conducted for the presence of 10 markers of resistance genes. Natural and climatic indicators during the years of research have demonstrated the instability characteristic of risky farming zones. The temperature indicators in 2017 and 2019 were higher than the climatic norm, while 2018 was lower. All this happened against the background of excessive rainfall. Against this background, according to the results of production tests, it was found that the average yield of the Vychegodsky variety was 27.2 t/ha, which is 10% higher than the other varieties. This variety showed a high dry matter content (24.1%), starch (15.7%) and vitamin C (7.1 mg%). DNA analysis revealed genes: TG-689; 57R; N195; Gro 1–4–1 and Sen 1, causing resistance to potato cancer and the golden potato nematode. Based on these studies, an agrotechnological passport of the Vychegodsky potato variety was created.

Tafazzin deficiency impairs CoA-dependent oxidative metabolism in cardiac mitochondria

Barth syndrome is a mitochondrial myopathy resulting from mutations in the tafazzin (TAZ) gene encoding a phospholipid transacylase required for cardiolipin remodeling. Cardiolipin is a phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane essential for the function of numerous mitochondrial proteins and processes. However, it is unclear how tafazzin deficiency impacts cardiac mitochondrial metabolism. To address this question while avoiding confounding effects of cardiomyopathy on mitochondrial phenotype, we utilized Taz-shRNA knockdown (TazKD) mice, which exhibit defective cardiolipin remodeling and respiratory supercomplex instability characteristic of human Barth syndrome but normal cardiac function into adulthood. Consistent with previous reports from other models, mitochondrial H2O2 emission and oxidative damage were greater in TazKD than in wild-type (WT) hearts, but there were no differences in oxidative phosphorylation coupling efficiency or membrane potential. Fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation capacities were 40–60% lower in TazKD mitochondria, but an up-regulation of glutamate oxidation supported respiration rates approximating those with pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine in WT. Deficiencies in mitochondrial CoA and shifts in the cardiac acyl-CoA profile paralleled changes in fatty acid oxidation enzymes and acyl-CoA thioesterases, suggesting limitations of CoA availability or “trapping” in TazKD mitochondrial metabolism. Incubation of TazKD mitochondria with exogenous CoA partially rescued pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine oxidation capacities, implicating dysregulation of CoA-dependent intermediary metabolism rather than respiratory chain defects in the bioenergetic impacts of tafazzin deficiency. These findings support links among cardiolipin abnormalities, respiratory supercomplex instability, and mitochondrial oxidant production and shed new light on the distinct metabolic consequences of tafazzin deficiency in the mammalian heart.

Karyotype mosaicism in early generation synthetic hexaploid wheats

It is known that both the number and the structure of somatic chromosomes can vary in early generation hexaploid wheats. The phenomenon is generally assumed to arise as a result of the meiotic instability characteristic of freshly created allopolyploids. Here, an analysis of the somatic karyotype of a set of 33 early generation synthetic hexaploid wheats has revealed that variation, taking the form of sub-chromosomal fragments and inter-chromosomal translocations, can also arise in somatic tissue. A possible explanation for the observations was that karyotypic instability in early generation hexaploid wheat probably occurs not just during sporogenesis, but also in somatic tissue. However, other factors such as the use of nitrous oxide during the experiments could also cause the chromosome variations, and additional experimentation would be required to determine the most likely.

Experimental research on the dynamic instability characteristic of a pressure relief valve

This article presents detailed experimental results of the influencing factors of flow rate, set pressure, and inlet pipe length of a pressure relief valve. In order to analyze the influence of different flow rates on the instability characteristics of pressure relief valve, the multi-stage output of pump flow is realized. In terms of modeling, we investigated the theory concerning instability in the system: the 3% rule boundary. Data analyses on typical stable, cycling, and chatter instability conditions are conducted. The stable boundaries of the 3% rule and the quarter-wave model are drawn, which are consistent with the experimental results.

Ultrasociality, class, threat, and intentionality in human society

Gowdy & Krall neglect an important aspect of human societies, which is that class systems are not genetically based but rather based on threat. In turn, threat presupposes intentionality, so seems to distinguish human from arthropod ultrasociality. Class systems, in turn, seem to explain the distinctive mixture of persistence and instability characteristic of human, but not arthropod, ultrasocial populations.

Stability Analysis for Horizontal Boom with Double Pulling Rods under Non-Conservative Forces

The horizontal boom of the tower crane in the rotary plane is a cantilever structure with large flexibility. Its stability analysis belongs to critical load problems under double non-conservative forces. In this paper, the second-order theory is used to establish the deflection differential equation in the rotary plane of the horizontal boom. According to the deformation compatibility conditions and the boundary conditions, the exact expression of the deflection equation and the instability characteristic equation in the rotary plane are obtained. The premise of the stability analysis is to determine the force relationship of the two pulling rods in the horizontal boom with double lifting points, which is a statically indeterminate structure. This paper is aimed at the structural characteristics and the load forms of the general boom. For the calculation of the pulling rod forces in the boom, the general expression is deduced considering the variety of the cross-section, the load and the position of lifting points. A highly efficient method for the stability analysis of the horizontal boom with double pulling rods is provided by the analytic expression of the instability characteristic equation and the internal forces in the statically indeterminate pulling rods.