A Case Study of Visually Impaired Student on A Learning Style and Learning Strategies in English Learning in Visually Impaired Charitable Institution Aisiyah Ponorogo

This research aimed to find out: (1) the difficulties that faced by Visually Impaired Students (2) the learning style that used by Visually Impaired Students (3) the learning strategiess that used by Visually Impaired Students. The type of research is descriptive qualitative research in the form of case study.. There are three visually impaired students, teacher, orphanage caregiver involved in this research. In this research, the researcher used observation, questionnaire and interview for instrument. Further the data analysis used Miles and Huberman model with the steps as following: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The result shows that the difficulties appeared because there were in inclusive class. Almost of them felt difficult when the learning process was seeing the media such as presentation or watching a visual picture or videos. To overcome it they had different strategies.. The researcher classified that One students had memory strategies, compensation strategies and social strategies. One student used affective strategies. One student used metacognitive strategies. Based on the learning style, the most of visually impaired students were auditory learners. It can seen from all of Visually Impaired Students said that it more easier when listening to the teachers but if they didn’t understand they wrote the material first on the notebook. So, the Visually Impaired Student easier to understand the material that given by the teacher through listening. Visually Impaired Student at Charitable Institution ‘AisyiyahPonorogo didn’t have visual learning style because they were totally blind.

From cameral system to the double-entry method: Santissima Annunziata Hospital in Chieti (1736-1890)

The paper aims to analyse the role of accounting as a tool of government action, considering the function of the relationships established by the Santissima Annunziata Hospital in Chieti. Governmentality, intended by Michel Foucault as “governmental rationality”, attributes power and control to those who exercise it even though power is not to be understood as a steady property, but rather as a product of strategic conflicts between subjects. “Power”, however, had to enable the rulers to prepare actions oriented to social welfare and happiness (Rose and Miller, 1992: 174). The accounting of the Hospital of Chieti, which establishes power relations aimed at influencing internal governance, moves towards perspective. The Hospital, managed by different power groups, represented an example of alternation of powers. This charitable institution was run by religious brotherhoods, submitted to the ecclesiastical power and then to public leaders, who were, in their turn, subject to the power of the state. The paper analyses the accounting system used by these two kinds of power that administered the hospital as well as the ways to achieve social control over the people who were considered internal and supportive to each reference category. The study also uses primary sources, documents from the Chieti State Archives for the foundation and organization of the Santissima Annunziata Hospital in Chieti, and accounting books to verify the assistance activity, considering the application of two different accounting systems, from cameral system to the double-entry method.

Huiguan (會館‎) as an Overseas Charitable Institution

Seldom have studies of overseas huiguan, i.e., Chinese benevolent associations, covered their charitable service of repatriating coffins/bones of the deceased from their host countries to their hometowns in China for burial. This peculiar long-standing Chinese “modern tradition,” till the early 1950s, can now be solidly evidenced by the voluminous Tung Wah Coffin Home Archives in Hong Kong after the materials have been made known in recent years. According to the correspondence between the Tung Wah Hospital (a charitable organization itself) and huiguan all over the world, thousands of coffins and boxes of bones were shipped back to native places of most Chinese emigrants from the “Gold Rush” era every year through Hong Kong during the first half of the last century, especially after the Tung Wah Coffin Home was built by the Hospital to house coffins and exhumed bones awaiting shipment. Starting with a mapping of the sending points, this chapter attempts to first delineate the function of Chinese benevolent associations there as key organizations in the charity network of the global Chinese world. The implications of their operation in the historical connection between the host countries and hometowns of overseas Chinese via Hong Kong are also exemplified and explicated.

Pomagać i leczyć. Przyczynek do powstania Instytutu Ubogich (Armeninstitut) w Gdańsku i jego pierwszych lat działalności (do 1795 r.)

To help and to cure. An input to the establishment of the Institute for the Poor (Armeninstitut) in Gdańsk and initial years of its operations (until 1795) The article is a form of input complementing a gap concerning the Institute for the Poor (Armeninstitut) in its initial years of operation, namely until the year 1795. On the basis of handwritten and printed sources, the focus lies on presenting the genesis, circumstances of its creation, organisation and functioning of this charitable institution. Institute for the Poor was established in October 1788 as a result of extraordinary efforts of a merchant and official Caspar David Selck. The institution was supposed to help the poor who owned their own flats. One form of the Institute’s operations was to hand over social benefits to those in need directly and on a weekly basis either in cash or in kind. The support also comprised free physician or surgeon care as well as the possibility to conduct work at home, mainly in the form of spinning wool and linen. At first, the institution occupied one chamber in the House of Charity (Spend‑und Waisenhaus) located in Sieroca Street (Am Spendhaus), from where it was later moved to a nearby building located in the same street, which had been bought specifically for that purpose. In 1823 it was relocated to the Correction House (Zuchthaus).

Charity and Sanctity: The Ritiri of the Rosine in the Eighteenth-Century Savoyard State

This article examines the first years of a charitable institution, the ‘ Ritiro o Opera pia delle Rosine’, led by a mystic woman in the eighteenth-century Sabaudian State. Through the analysis of this particular institution, this essay focuses on the so-called ‘ Opere pie’ in Savoy Piedmont, between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: namely, the charitable institutions, under royal patronage and public jurisdiction, yet administrated by clerics and led by women whose sanctity was the subject of controversy, which had a key role in the politics of devotion in the baroque age.

The Medieval Economy of Salvation

This book shows how the burgeoning commercial economy of western Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, alongside an emerging culture of Christian charity, led to the establishment of hundreds of hospitals and leper houses. Focusing on the county of Champagne, the book looks at the ways in which charitable organizations and individuals saw in these new institutions a means of infusing charitable giving and service with new social significance and heightened expectations of spiritual rewards. Hospitals served as visible symbols of piety and, as a result, were popular objects of benefaction. They also presented lay women and men with new penitential opportunities to personally perform the works of mercy, which many embraced as a way to earn salvation. At the same time, these establishments served a variety of functions beyond caring for the sick and the poor; as benefactors donated lands and money to them, hospitals became increasingly central to local economies, supplying loans, distributing food, and acting as landlords. In tracing the rise of the medieval hospital during a period of intense urbanization and the transition from a gift economy to a commercial one, the book makes clear how embedded this charitable institution was in the wider social, cultural, religious, and economic fabric of medieval life.

Hospital Patrons and Social Networks

This chapter argues that the highly commercial environment of thirteenth-century Champagne infused pious giving with even greater meaning, particularly bequests made to a charitable institution like a hospital, which had as its central mission the performance of the works of mercy. During the course of the thirteenth century, during which the number of bequests to traditional Benedictine monastic houses declined, the scale of giving to hospitals actually increased. The range of people from different social classes making charitable bequests also expanded, reflective of what one might term the growing democratization of charity. As compared with donors to monastic houses, however, lay donors to hospitals placed less emphasis on intercessory prayer and requested anniversary masses in exchange for donations less often than donors to monasteries. Instead, hospital donors focused on the performance of the works of mercy, which, in the economy of salvation, they viewed as the most efficacious form of currency. Those making bequests to hospitals were also frequently guided by pragmatic considerations. Some donors had a family connection to a hospital, with a relative working there whom they wished to help. Others made bequests as an entry gift to a hospital, or with the expectation that they might one day wish to join the hospital's religious community. The chapter then focuses on the patrons of Champagne's hospitals and interrogates what these hospitals meant to them.