A morphological, anatomical and palynological study of Aethionema lepidioides (Brassicaceae) - an endangered species endemic to Turkey

Aethionema lepidioides Hub.-Mor. is an endangered endemic species in Turkey with a very narrow natural distribution area. The present study aims to reveal the structural features of this species. For this purpose, its unknown morphological features – such as leaf, petal, sepal dimensions and shapes, filament and anther lengths, as well as seed dimensions, shape, colour and micromorphology – have been studied for the first time. To reveal the pollen characteristics of Ae. lepidioides, light microscope and SEM studies were conducted. Additionally, in the present study the anatomical features of Ae. lepidioides were also studied for the first time. The Ae. lepidioides leaves were found to be linear-oblanceolate, with an entire margin and a subacute to obtuse apex. The seeds were found to be dark brown and oval-shaped, with reticulated surface ornamentation. Anatomical studies found roots in the secondary growth stage, with xylem-filled pith. The stem was in the primary growth stage, featuring a multi-layer cortex under its outermost single-layered epidermis, a pronounced endodermis and a central cylinder beneath. The leaves were thick, amphistomatic and covered with a prominent wax layer. Their mesophyll was equifacial, and their stoma type was anisocytic. A stomatal index of 26 was found for the upper epidermis, while a corresponding index of 28.4 was found for the lower epidermis. The pollens were monad, radially symmetrical and isopolar. The pollen type was colpate, and the pollen shape was found to be prolate-spheroidal with a P/E ratio of 1.08.

Pollen Morphological Investigations of Salvia L. In Southeastern of Turkey and Its Taxonomic Implication

In this study, the pollen morphology and exine structure of nine species of the genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six micromorphological characters (pollen shape, polar length, equatorial width, exine and intine thickness, colpus length and colpus width) of pollen grains of Salvia have been identified. The palynological observations revealed that pollen grains of most studied taxa of Salvia were suboblate shape and possess hekzacolpate aperture. Tectal surface sculpture was a good criterion to identify particular taxa from Salvia. The pollen of which is characterized by reticulate, the pollen ornamentation was similar in all studied taxa. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(2): 395-403, 2021 (December)

Scutellaria topcuoglui (Lamiaceae), a new serpentinomorph species from south-western Anatolia, Turkey

Scutellaria topcuoglui (Lamiaceae) from Muğla Province (south-western Anatolia) is described as a new species to science. The new species is morphologically similar to S. glaphyrostachys, but differs from it by several morphological characters, such as the presence of glandular hairs in stems, leaves, bracts, calyx and corolla, scutellum length, corolla length, coloration, and indumentum, mericarp length, coloration, and sculpture, pollen shape, and habitat preference. Diagnostic characters, a comprehensive description, photographs, and a distribution map are provided.

Morphology of pollen in Ferula genus (Apiaceae)

In this study, the pollen morphology of all Ferula species distributed throughout the country of Turkey was studied with light and scanning electron microscopy for the first time. The aim is to identify the pollen morphological characteristics of 23 Ferula species. The pollen is radially symmetrical, isopolar and tricolporate in all examined species. Pollen grains are prolate and perprolate with the polar axis ranging from 22.28 to 40.47 µm and the equatorial axis from 13.70 to 18.73 µm. Their polar shapes are triangular, triangular to subtriangular and circular to subcircular. Several types of exine ornamentations have been observed on pollen through the use of scanning electron microscopy. The dendrogram constructed by using Average Linkage of the examined data revealed two main groups. It was determined that some pollen characteristics are more useful for classification than others. In particular, P, E, the ratio of P/E (pollen shape) and ornamentation in the polar and equatorial views are the most valuable variables for discrimination the Ferula species.

Pollen morphology of Malvaceae genera from Saudi Arabia and its taxonomic significance

Pollen morphology of 20 species belong to seven genera (Abutilon, Althaea, Hibiscus, Malva, Pavonia, Senra and Sida) of Malvaceae from Saudi Arabia were studied by using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Quantitative and qualitative pollen morphological characters which vary among investigated taxa are found in the pollen polarity, symmetry, size, shape, polar axis, equatorial diameter, P/E ratio, average height and width of spine, aperature character and spine index. The pollen grains vary from spheroidal, prolate spheroidal, oblate spheroidal to suboblate. All taxa were characterized by relatively large to medium sized pollen grains, numerous pores scattered irregularly all over the grain, and echinate sculpturing. Sida ovata is the largest size pollen grain (138.95) µm. On the other hand, Malva parviflora showed the smallest pollen size (52.28 µm). The average height and width of spine varied greatly among studied taxa. The highest spines (20.65µm) found in Sida ovata, while the shortest (3.19 µm) was found in Abutilon pannosum. Results of the pollen shape, size, and exine sculpture characters offered useful data for evaluating the taxonomy of Malvaceae both on subgeneric and sectional levels. A key for the identification of the investigated taxa based on pollen grains characters is also provided

Use of Pollen Morphology Traits for Identifying Species of Centaurea L. Asteraceae in Kurdistan-Iraq

The polleniferous material of Centaurea taxa grow in Kurdistan-Iraq was collected. Samples were tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). In the polar view, pollen grain outlines are mostly triangular or triangular-circular. In equatorial view, the elliptic shape is common, while circulars or semicircular shapes are rare. The exine sculpture is scabrate, and the tectum is perforate. Number of sculpture microspinules/ µm², and their heights together with the number of wall perforations provide significant characters for taxa delimitation. Pollen grains of all species are of medium size, very few of some species pollen are larger or smaller in size. Species producing subprolate pollen shape is common, while oblate spheroidal and Prolate spheroidal shapes are less common. The principal component analysis and the discriminant analysis can recognize 65.478% and 87.54% of the total variability respectively; moreover, the discriminant function can correctly classify 125 or 78.125% out of 160 observations for pollen traits.

Pollen Morphology and Variability of Abies alba Mill. Genotypes from South-Western Poland

The objective of this study was to investigate pollen morphology and ranges of intraspecific variability of Abies alba Mill. Pollen grains were collected from nine clonal seed orchards of A. alba in the Sudety Mountains, (South-Western Poland). At each seed orchard, 4–6 grafts were selected. Each individual (graft) was represented by 30 pollen grains and 1440 pollen grains were measured totally. Eight quantitative and four qualitative features of pollen grains were analysed. The diagnostic features of pollen grains for the studied species were: Exine surface of pollen corpus (cappa and leptoma) and sacci, the length of the polar axis (P), pollen shape (P/E ratio), and a new trait—saccus shape (A/B ratio — saccus width (A) to his length (B)). Pollen features made possible to differentiate seven individual genotypes (samples). To our knowledge, this is the first time that the intraspecific and interindividual variability of pollen grains of A. alba were investigated. The most different were the pollen grains from samples—genotypes 13 (Bystrzyca Kłodzka) and 18 (Jugów), and also (although to a lesser extent) genotypes—11 (Kamienna Góra), 30, 31 (Jugów), and 44 (Szklarska Poręba). No significant relationships were observed between the pollen grain traits and the geographical location of the collection sites.

Identification of Pollen Characteristics as Apis cerana Feed Sources in Honeycomb, in Serang Purbalingga

Serang Purbalingga village is a fertile area and has the potential for the development of Apis cerana honeybee business. Honeybee products are known to have high economic value. The development of honeybee business will be better if supported by the avaibility of pollen from flowering plants as feed sources. Pollen that use to be A. cerana feed sources are taken from plants flower around the beehive and matched with pollen inside honeycomb. The purpose of this research is to determine the diversity and character of pollen from plants found around beehive and inside A. cerana honeycomb. This research conducted by descriptive survey method where the data obtained from field used as material for analysis and describing the characteristics of pollen found. Variable in this research is pollen characters with parameters are pollen units, size, shape, apertures and ornamentation. Based on results, there are 23 species of plants included in 17 families found around the beehive with varying of pollen shape, namely spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, sub-prolate, and prolate. The smallest to largest pollen sizes are minutae, mediae, and magnae. Types of pollen ornamentations are rugulate, reticulate, echinate, psilate, scabrate, to baculate. Pollen apertures are varies monosulcate, monoporate, tricolporate, tricolpate, tetracolpate, hexacolpate to syncolpate. Pollen characters inside honeycomb are identical to 12 pollen of plant species found around the beehive where the pollen shape are spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, sub-prolate and prolate. There are several types of ornamentation, namely reticulate, rugulate, echinate, psilate and sacbratte. Apertures are varies from monosulcate, monoporate, tricolporate, tricolpate to syncolpate. Key words : Apis cerana, characters,diversity, pollen, Purbalingga

Distinguishing Oblacinska sour cherry clones (Prunus cerasus L.) by pollen morphology

Morphology and ultrastructure of pollen grains were studied in 13 Obla?inska sour cherry clones in three years using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All studied clones had isopolar, radially symmetric and tricolpate pollen grains. Length and width of pollen grains varied in a range of 50.03-55.97 ?m and 25.16-28.37 ?m respectively. Pollen shape in all the studied clones was identified as prolate. The smallest colpus length was found in the clone 8 (43.73 ?m), and the highest in the clone 3 (49.16 ?m). The highest colpus and mesocolpium width had the clone 3 (1.73 ?m; 14.87 ?m) and the lowest had the clone 7 (1.46 ?m; 13.78 ?m). All studied clones had striate exine ornamentation. Number of ridges per 100 ?m2 of the exine surface was the highest in the clone 11 (16.7) and lowest in the clone 2 (14.1). Ridge and furrow width ranged from 0.46 to 0.61 ?m and from 0.45 to 0.59 ?m, respectively. The clones have been classified into three clusters based on all studied properties. Pollen grains examination by SEM indicated that several morphological parameters (pollen size and exine characteristics) can be used to distinguish Obla?inska sour cherry clones.

Pollen Morphology of Some Turkish Salvia L. (Lamiaceae: Mentheae) Species

ABSTRACT: In this presented work, the pollen morphologies of twenty-one taxa, nine of them endemic from Turkey, belonging to the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae: sub-family Nepetoideae: tribe Mentheae: sub-tribe Salviinae), S. aethiopis L., S. argentea L., S. aytachii Vural & Adigüzel, S. blepharochlaena Hedge & Hub.-Mor., S. cadmica Boiss., S. ceratophylla L., S. cryptantha Montbret & Aucher, S. frigida Boiss., S. fructicosa Miller, S. halophile Hedge, S. napifolia Jacq., S. microstegia Boiss. & Bal., S. recognita Fisch. & Mey. S. sclarea L., S. smyrnaea Boiss. S. suffruticosa Montbret & Aucher, S. tchihatcheffii (Fisch. & Mey.) Boiss., S. tometosa Bertol, S. verbenaca L., S. viridis L., and S. wiedemanni Boiss. and collected throughout the Turkey, have been intensively studied by using light (LM) and a scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. The objectives of this study are to investigate the pollen morphologies of twenty-one taxa of Turkish Salvia (nine of which are endemic) and to present similar and different characteristics of the taxa. The investigated whole pollen grains had a structure of both isopolar and radial symmetry. Overall, types of aperture were mostly hexacolpate, but it was also determined that the aperture type of S. viridis was both hexacolpate and octacolpate. The pollen grains had characteristic shapes of spheroidal, suboblate, prolate and subprolate. The exine ornamentation was bireticulate and reticulate-perforate. It was determined by the results of palynological studies that pollen morphology changed amongst these studied taxa. As a conclusion, the results of the present study show that palynological characters such as pollen shape, polar axis length (P), equatorial axis length (E), aperture numbers and types and exine ornamentation, exhibit remarkable differences amongst the studied taxa.