Factors Influencing Fatalities or Severe Injuries to Pedestrians Lying on the Road in Japan: Nationwide Police Database Study

To help reduce the number of pedestrians lying on the road suffering fatal or severe injuries as a result of vehicle collisions, we investigated the influencing factors. We conducted an analysis of the records of the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis Japan between 2012 and 2018; we found that 2452 pedestrians lying on the road were involved in collisions (797 fatalities, 784 severely injured, 871 mildly injured). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following as major factors that positively influenced the fatalities: head or neck injuries (odds ratio [OR], 90.221); trunk injuries (OR, 71.040); trucks as offending vehicle (OR, 2.741); collision velocity of 10–20 km/h (OR, 31.794), 20–30 km/h (OR, 2.982), 30–40 km/h (OR, 8.394), 40–50 km/h (OR, 16.831), and >50 km/h (OR, 18.639); and hit-and-run cases (OR, 1.967). The following had a positive influence on severe injuries: trunk injuries (OR, 4.060); collision velocity of 10–20 km/h (OR, 2.540), 20–30 km/h (OR, 3.700), 30–40 km/h (OR, 5.297), 40–50 km/h (OR, 5.719), and ≥50 km/h (OR, 5.244); and hit-and-run cases (OR, 2.628). Decreasing the collision velocity, avoiding collisions to the head and neck or trunk, and preventing hit-and-run cases would be effective in reducing fatal or severe injuries to pedestrians lying on the road.

Evaluating traffic parameters of vehicles according to registrars when conducting automotive research

The main tendencies in developing the methods of evaluating vehicles movement according to registrars when conducting automotive research of road accidents are considered. It is noted that modern video recorders, in addition to the standard recording of events in the form of video, have additional functions of recording the parameters of traffic, which allows more objective and in-depth investigation of the circumstances of road accidents. Goal. The aim of the work is development of the method of obtaining quantitative data that allow to estimate the parameters of vehicle movement on video recordings made with the help of DVR MiVue-j85. Methodology. Theoretical data of the functionality of the MiVue-j85 video recorder were verified and analyzed during the real experiment. The study includes an analysis of quantitative data to assess the parameters of vehicle movement on video recordings made using a video recorder MiVue-j85. Results. It is noted that this method currently has a number of disadvantages, which are the imperfect system of synchronization, display and recording of the received data using software designed for the DVR. The presence of integrated in the DVR GPS-navigation and G-sensor, make it possible to determine the parameters of the vehicle and the coordinates of the location of the vehicle in the process of changing its dynamics, but with a significant error that does not meet the requirements of accident research. Originality. For the first time, the method of obtaining vehicle motion parameters using a video recorder with a built-in G-sensor is shown. Practical value. The obtained results can be used in practice in the study of the circumstances of the accident. Application of the certain method will allow facilitating the process of reception of initial data, namely the parameters of vehicle movement when studying road accidents.

Specialized Medical Care for Victims of Chernobyl Accident: Specifics of Organization, Types and Volumes, Leading Classes of Diseases

The purpose of the study is to summarize the experience and identify the features of the organization and provision of specialized medical care (SpMP) to victims of the Chernobyl accident on the basis of the A. M. Nikiforov All-Russian centre of emergency and radiation medicine of EMERCOM of Russia. Materials and methods of research. Materials of the study were the data on types and volume of specialized medical assistance in 2014-2020 on the basis of the Centre; on the leading classes of diseases demanding specialized medical care in remote period to those affected by the Chernobyl accident. Research results and their analysis. 1. The system of organization of specialized medical care for victims of the Chernobyl accident in the framework of the Union State of Russia – Belarus includes 5 main stages: planning, coordination, information and analytical, hospital and final – analytical stages. 2. The main reasons for hospitalization of victims of the Chernobyl accident were diseases of the circulatory system, of the digestive system and of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. 3. When providing therapeutic SpMP, special attention was paid to the diagnosis and correction of comorbid pathology; when providing surgical SpMP, to individual selection of anesthetic aids, the use of minimally invasive endoscopic surgical interventions and prevention of postoperative complications. 4. The main reasons for medical rehabilitation were diseases of the Central nervous system and sensory organs, diseases of the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system and peripheral nervous system.

Validation of a driving simulator for research into human factors issues of automated vehicles

This study evaluated the behavioural validity of the Monash University Accident Research Centre automation driving simulator for research into the human factors issues associated with automated driving. The study involved both on-road and simulated driving. Twenty participants gave ratings of their willingness to resume control of an automated vehicle and perception of safety for a variety of situations along the drives. Each situation was individually categorised and ratings were processed. Statistical analysis of the ratings confirmed the behavioural validity of the simulator, in terms of the similarity of the on-road and simulator data.

PENGARUH PERILAKU PENGENDARA TERHADAP KECELAKAAN PEJALAN KAKI-SEPEDA MOTOR

Accidents within rider and pedestrian are increased during the last five years period. Conflict street users occur due to factors such as behavior and facility available. This research aims to analyze rider behavior and its influence on the pedestrian-motorcycle accident. The research location is North Sulawesi Province, with the distribution of the questionnaire. Accident data reference is used to evaluate factors that influence the accident. Research result shows differences and similarity judgment for rider behavior in urban dan rural area. Majority choice show rider understanding of aspects in reducing the number of accidents. Differences in the location have a different facility available and the use of traffic lines for rider and pedestrian. Although it is not a majority, a choice against factors to reduce accidents can be fatal to the user. However, this option needs further research related to factors to influence such a choice. It is crucial to put safety pedestrian and rider into priority by strong regulation. Kecelakaan yang melibatkan pejalan kaki dan sepeda motor meningkat dalam kurun waktu lima tahun terakhir. Konflik pengguna jalan terjadi disebabkan berbagai faktor seperti perilaku dan ketersediaan fasilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perilaku pengendara dan pengaruhnya terhadap kecelakaan pejalan kaki-sepeda motor. Lokasi penelitian di provinsi Sulawesi Utara dengan metode penyebaran kuisioner. Rujukan data kecelakaan digunakan untuk mengevaluasi faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kecelakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan dan persamaan penilaian yang menggambarkan perilaku pengendara di area perkotaan dan perdesaan. Mayoritas penilaian menunjukkan pemahaman terhadap aspek-aspek yang dapat mengurangi kecelakaan. Perbedaan lokasi kecelakaan memiliki perbedaan fasilitas yang tersedia dan penggunaan jalur lalu lintas bagi pengendara dan pejalan kaki. Meskipun bukan mayoritas pilihan tapi pertentangan akan faktor untuk mengurangi kecelakaan dapat berakibat fatal. Namun hal ini perlu diteliti lebih lanjut faktor yang mempengaruhi pilihan tersebut. Penting sekali untuk mulai mengutamakan keselamatan pejalan kaki dan pengendara sepeda motor dengan peraturan yang tegas.