Advanced Improvement in Speed of Operation of 3-Stage CMOS Ring Oscillator Clock Generation using CPG

The Ring oscillator is a member of time delay Oscillators. In this Ring oscillator it uses odd number of inverters and has a gain greater than one. In normal Ring Oscillator architecture the performance is very low due to power gating mechanism. By using CPG technique the performance is increased and also utilizes low power for operation. This Ring oscillator by using CPG technique is affected by pressure and temperature variations. By using 3-stage CMOS ring oscillator the efficiency and performance is increased. In CMOS Ring oscillator power supervision (PS) and efficiency is increased. Most of the architecture is planned for cut back the ability within the IPs to provide power gating, with the task of falling system level control gating. In this CMOS Ring oscillator the output of each NOT gate is given to next stage in order to improve the system latency. For CMOS Ring oscillator, there is no output is given to system, but Reset pulse will drive the entire architecture. In CPG power of the device will change in cyclic manner, device will be ON and OFF over small duration of time. By this proposed method over all power consumption and speed of operation is increased

Algoritma Robot Otomatis Pelempar Shuttlecock

Robot otomatis pada Kontes Robot ABU Indonesia (KRAI) 2018 memiliki tugas melempar bola (shuttlecock) di ring yang telah ditentukan setelah menerima shuttlecock dari robot manual. Ada tiga titik tempat robot untuk melemparkan shuttlecock, tiga titik tersebut diberi nama Throwing Zone 1,2 dan 3. Dari masing Throwing Zone robot akan melemparkan shuttlecock ke normal ring dan golden ring dengan jarak dan tinggi yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, untuk menyelesaikan misi ini maka dibuat algoritma pada robot otomatis ini dengan tahapan pemetaan, susunan pergerakan dan flowchart. Dari hasil pengujian, robot otomatis dapat berjalan dengan tingkat keberhasilan 90%.

CEPC booster design study

In September 2012, Chinese scientists proposed a Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) in China at 240 GeV center-of-mass energy for Higgs studies. The booster provides 120 GeV electron and positron beams to the CEPC collider for top-up injection at 0.1 Hz. The design of the full energy booster ring of the CEPC is a challenge. The ejected beam energy is 120 GeV and the injected beam energy is 6 GeV. In this paper we describe two alternative schemes, the wiggler bend scheme and the normal bend scheme. For the wiggler bend scheme, we propose to operate the booster ring as a large wiggler at low energy and as a normal ring at high energy to avoid the problem of very low dipole magnet fields. For the normal bend scheme, we implement the orbit correction to correct the earth field.

Separate roles of IQGAP Rng2p in forming and constricting the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cytokinetic contractile ring

Eukaryotic cells require IQGAP family multidomain adapter proteins for cytokinesis, but many questions remain about how IQGAPs contribute to the process. Here we show that fission yeast IQGAP Rng2p is required for both the normal process of contractile ring formation from precursor nodes and an alternative mechanism by which rings form from strands of actin filaments. Our work adds to previous studies suggesting a role for Rng2p in node and ring formation. We demonstrate that Rng2p is also required for normal ring constriction and septum formation. Systematic analysis of domain-deletion mutants established how the four domains of Rng2p contribute to cytokinesis. Contrary to a previous report, the actin-binding calponin homology domain of Rng2p is not required for viability, ring formation, or ring constriction. The IQ motifs are not required for ring formation but are important for ring constriction and septum formation. The GTPase-activating protein (GAP)–related domain is required for node-based ring formation. The Rng2p C-terminal domain is the only domain essential for viability. Our studies identified several distinct functions of Rng2 at multiple stages of cytokinesis.

α-Actinin and fimbrin cooperate with myosin II to organize actomyosin bundles during contractile-ring assembly

The actomyosin contractile ring assembles through the condensation of a broad band of nodes that forms at the cell equator in fission yeast cytokinesis. The condensation process depends on actin filaments that interconnect nodes. By mutating or titrating actin cross-linkers α-actinin Ain1 and fimbrin Fim1 in live cells, we reveal that both proteins are involved in node condensation. Ain1 and Fim1 stabilize the actin cytoskeleton and modulate node movement, which prevents nodes and linear structures from aggregating into clumps and allows normal ring formation. Our computer simulations modeling actin filaments as semiflexible polymers reproduce the experimental observations and provide a model of how actin cross-linkers work with other proteins to regulate actin-filament orientations inside actin bundles and organize the actin network. As predicted by the simulations, doubling myosin II Myo2 level rescues the node condensation defects caused by Ain1 overexpression. Taken together, our work supports a cooperative process of ring self-organization driven by the interaction between actin filaments and myosin II, which is progressively stabilized by the cross-linking proteins.

A Note on Minimal Prime Divisors of an Ideal

We explore several equivalent conditions for finiteness of the set of minimal prime divisors of an ideal and conclude the results of Anderson, Gilmer and Heinzer as especial cases. It is proved that in the ring of polynomials K[X], in which K is a Noetherian ring and X a (possibly infinite) set of indeterminates over K, these conditions are necessary and sufficient. In particular, it is proved that in K[X], an ideal has a finite number of minimal prime divisors if and only if all its minimal prime divisors have finite height. The same results are proved for the derived normal ring of a Noetherian integral domain and the quotient ring K[X]/I, in which I is generated by a K[X]-regular sequence of finite length. We also give a counterexample to show that the conditions of Anderson, Gilmer and Heinzer are not sufficient.

Dynamic response of a thick functionally graded material tube under a moving load

An analysis for axisymmetric steady-state response of an arbitrarily thick, isotropic, and functionally graded circular cylindrical shell of infinite length subjected to an axially moving normal ring load is presented. The mechanical properties of the graded shell are assumed to vary smoothly and continuously with the change of volume concentrations of the constituting materials across the thickness of the shell according to a power law distribution. The problem solution is derived by using Fourier transformation with respect to a moving reference frame in conjunction with the T-matrix solution technique that involves a system global transfer matrix, formed by applying continuity of the displacement and stress components at the interfaces of neighbouring layers. The analytical results are illustrated with numerical examples in which a metal-ceramic functionally graded material (FGM) pipe, composed of aluminium and zirconia, is subjected to a normal ring load travelling along the tube at constant speed. Four types of pipes are configured, i.e. a ceramic-rich composition with the ceramic at the inner (or outer) interface, and also a metal-rich composition with the metal at the inner (or outer) interface of the pipe. The presented model is used to determine the critical velocity of the moving load as a function of shell thickness for the selected material compositional gradient profiles. The effects of load velocity and shell thickness on the basic dynamic field quantities such as the mid-plane radial displacement and hoop stress amplitude along the pipe axis are also evaluated and discussed. Moreover, the response curves for the FGM shells are compared with those of equivalent bi-laminate shells containing comparable total volume fractions of constituent materials. Limiting cases are considered and good agreements with the solutions available in the literature are obtained.