A Novel Current-Mode Multifunction Inverse Filter using Single CFA

A novel current-mode multifunction inverse filter configuration using single current feedback amplifier (CFA) is presented. The proposed filter employs only one CFA and few passive components. The proposed circuit realizes inverse lowpass, inverse bandpass and inverse highpass filter functions with proper admittances. The characteristics of proposed multifunction inverse filter configuration are- current-mode realization; use of only one CFA; use of grounded passive components except one virtually grounded and realizing all three basic inverse filters. The proposed current-mode inverse filter circuit has been tested by TINA PRO simulation program and results justified the theoretical analysis.

Application of DBN and GWO-SVM in analog circuit fault diagnosis

For large-scale integrated electronic equipment, the complex operating mechanisms make fault detection very difficult. Therefore, it is important to accurately identify analog circuit faults in a timely manner. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a novel fault diagnosis method based on the deep belief network (DBN) and restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) optimized by the gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. First, DBN is used to extract the deep features of the analog circuit output signal. Then, GWO is used to optimize the penalty factor c and kernel parameter g of support vector machine (SVM). Finally, GWO-SVM is used to diagnose the signal features extracted by the DBN. Fault diagnosis simulation was conducted for the Sallen–Key band-pass filter and a four-opamp biquad highpass filter. The experimental results show that compared with the existing algorithms, the algorithm proposed in this paper improves the accuracy of Sallen–Key bandpass filter circuit to 100% and shortens the fault diagnosis time by about 90%; for four-opamp biquad highpass filter, the accuracy rate has increased to 99.68%, and the fault diagnosis time has been shortened by approximately 75%, and reduce hundreds of iterations. Moreover, the experimental results reveal that the proposed fault diagnosis method greatly improves the accuracy of analog circuit fault diagnosis, which solves a major problem in analog circuitry and has great significance for the future development of relevant applications.

Analysis, Design, and Actual Fabrication of a Hybrid Microstrip-SIW Bandpass Filter Based on Cascaded Hardware Integration at X-Band

In this paper, the Microstrip-Substrate Integrated Waveguide (M-SIW) bandpass filter is designed, simulated, and fabricated based on the theoretical analysis. The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) highpass filter and the microstrip lowpass filter are combined in a hybrid design to achieve the M-SIW bandpass filter in the X-band. This design is more comprehensible and easier to achieve a bandpass filter at a desired frequency. The SIW highpass filter and the microstrip lowpass filter are connected in series to achieve the bandpass filter. To the measured results of the fabricated M-SIW bandpass filter, the center frequency is 10.20 GHz and the bandwidth is 2.40 GHz. When the analytical and measurement results are compared, the frequency change in the cut-off frequency is 6.02 % and the frequency change in the bandwidth is 8.74 %. It is generally seen that analytical, simulation, and measurement results are compatible with each other. The M-SIW bandpass filter can be broadly used in radar, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and satellite technologies. The filters are simulated in Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite.

The Data-Processing Multiverse of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs): A Roadmap for the Optimization and Standardization of ERP Processing and Reduction Pipelines

In studies of event-related brain potentials (ERPs), numerous decisions about data processing are required to extract ERP scores from continuous data. Unfortunately, the systematic impact of these choices on the data quality and psychometric reliability of ERP scores or even ERP scores themselves is virtually unknown, which is a barrier to the standardization of ERPs. The aim of the present study was to optimize processing pipelines for the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) by considering a multiverse of data processing choices. A multiverse analysis of a data processing pipeline examines the impact of a large set of different reasonable choices to determine the robustness of effects, such as the impact of different decisions on between-trial standard deviations (i.e., data quality) and between-condition differences (i.e., experimental effects). ERN and Pe data from 298 healthy young adults were used to determine the impact of different methodological choices on data quality and experimental effects (correct vs. error trials) at several key stages: highpass filtering, lowpass filtering, ocular artifact correction, reference, baseline adjustment, scoring sensors, and measurement procedure. This multiverse analysis yielded 3,456 ERN scores and 576 Pe scores per person. An optimized pipeline for ERN included a .01 Hz highpass filter, 15 Hz lowpass filter, ICA-based ocular artifact correction, and a region of interest (ROI) approach to scoring. For Pe, the optimized pipeline included a .10 Hz highpass filter, 30 Hz lowpass filter, regression-based ocular artifact correction, a -200 to 0 ms baseline adjustment window, and an ROI approach to scoring. The multiverse approach can be used to optimize pipelines for eventual standardization, which would support efforts toward establishing normative ERP databases. The proposed process of analyzing the data-processing multiverse of ERP scores paves the way for better refinement, identification, and selection of data processing parameters, ultimately improving the precision and utility of ERPs.

Design of Compact Highpass Filter for 5G mm-wave Applications Using Complementary Split Ring Resonator

This article presents a design of highpass filter (HPF) for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications using a square complementary split-ring resonator (SCSRR). A miniaturized size HPF filter is obtained by overlapping the Right-Hand (RH) and Left-Hand material. The arrangement of inter-digital parallel coupled capacitor and SCSRR offers low insertion loss, high selectivity with a sharp roll-off factor over a wide bandwidth of 15.9 GHz (from 34.1 to 50 GHz). Generally, SCSRR offers narrow passband/stopband however this prototype has a passband over a wide range of frequency. The proposed HPF has an appreciable agreement between simulated and fabricated results. Further, the filter is realized in the equivalent circuit model and their electrical elements functions are also discussed. This prototype has a cut-off frequency (fc) of 34.1 GHz with a maximum passband insertion loss of 1.45 dB. The fabricated area of the filter is 0.16λg × 0.09λg × λg and where λg is the guided wavelength at cutoff frequency fc.