Identification and Regionalization of Cold Resistance of Wine Grape Germplasms (V. vinifera)

With the extreme changes of the global climate, winter freezing injury has become an important limiting factor for the development of the global grape industry. Therefore, there is a significant need for the screening of cold-resistant wine grape germplasms and cold regionalization for cold-resistant breeding and the development of grapevine cultivation in cold regions. In this study, the low-temperature half-lethal temperature (LT50) values were determined for the annual dormant branches of 124 wine grape germplasms (V. vinifera) to evaluate their cold resistance. The LT50 values of the 124 tested germplasms ranged from −22.01 °C to −13.18 °C, with six cold-resistant germplasms below −20 °C. Based on the LT50 values, the 124 germplasms were clustered into four types, with cold resistance from strong to weak in the order of type Ⅱ > type Ⅰ > type Ⅳ > type Ⅲ, corresponding to the four cold hardiness zones. Zones 1, 2, 3, and 4 included 6, 22, 68, and 28 germplasms, respectively, with decreasing cold resistance. The number of germplasms in different hardiness zones followed a normal distribution, with the most in zone 3. In Type Ⅱ, the fruit skin color of germplasms was positively correlated with cold hardiness, while the temperature of origin was negatively correlated with cold hardiness. The average LT50 of germplasms in different origin regions ranged from −17.44 °C to −16.26 °C, with differences among some regions. The cold regionalization analysis resulted in the distribution of 124 germplasms in four temperature regions in China with six germplasms in region A (−22 °C ≤ LT50 ≤ −20 °C), 30 germplasms in region B (−20°C ≤ LT50 ≤ −18°C), 71 germplasms in region C (−18 °C ≤ LT50 ≤ −15 °C), and 17 germplasms in region D (−15 °C ≤ LT50 ≤ −13 °C). Strong cold-resistant wine grape germplasms (V. vinifera) were identified, and these could be used as parental material for cold-resistant breeding. In some areas in China, soil-burial over-wintering strategies are used, but our results suggest that some wine grapes could be cultivated without requiring winter burial during overwintering. The results of this study should provide guidance for the selection of promising strains for cold-resistant breeding for expanded cultivation of improved varieties for wine grape production in China.

THE RESULTS OF THE TRIALS OF MICROENCAPSULATED "ENZYMESPORINE" WITH AN ENZYME ON THE PIGS OF SELECTION OF GENESUS

59 терапии воспалительных заболеваний кишечника / И.Л. Халиф [и др.] // Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. – 2013. – № 3. – С. 3-10. 4. Чистяков, В.Т. Современное развитие селекции и генетики в отечественном свиноводстве/ В.Т. Чистяков // Вестник Воронежского государственного аграрного университета. – 2018. – № 4 (59). – C. 71-78. 5. Шевелева, М.А. Современные представления при применении различных групп пробиотических средств при антибиотикотерапии / М.А. Шевелева, Г.А. Равенская // Антибиотики и химоитерапия. – 2009. – Т. 54. – № 3-4. – С. 61-68. 6. Шакиров, Ш.К. Кормовая добавка для свиней / Ш.К. Шакиров, Л.П. Зарипова, Р.Г. Гареев, С.Б. Федоров, М.К. Гайнуллина, Р.С. Сунгатов// Патент на изобретение RU 2147200 С1, МПК A23K1/16; заявка № 98121914/13 от 07.12.1998; опубл. 10.04.2000. 7. Hill, C. Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic / C. Hill, F. Guarner, G. Reid [et al.] // Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. – 2014. – № 11(8). – P. 506–14. 8. Evaluating the efficiency of Enzyme-enriched Enzymesporine probiotic feed additive and its impact on the productive properties of pigs in the fattening process / D.V. Trubnikov [et al.] // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. – 2020. – V. 548. – 082089 – P. 1-6. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИСПЫТАНИЙ МИКРОКАПСУЛИРОВАННОГО ПРОБИОТИКА «ЭНЗИМСПОРИН» С ФЕРМЕНТОМ НА СВИНЬЯХ СЕЛЕКЦИИ GENESUS Горобец А.Ю., Трубников Д.В. Резюме В статье приведены данные, полученные при проведении научно-хозяйственного опыта по испытанию микрокапсулированного пробиотического препарата «Энзимспорин» с ферментом на свиньях селекции Genesus в условиях современного животноводческого ком-плекса. Результаты исследований показали положительное влияние изученного препарата на приросты живой массы, содержание в крови эритроцитов, гемоглобина, общего белка, аль-буминов, глюкозы, общего кальция, иммуноглобулинов, что свидетельствует об активизации обменных процессов и повышении иммунологического статуса у подопытных свиней. THE RESULTS OF THE TRIALS OF MICROENCAPSULATED "ENZYMESPORINE" WITH AN ENZYME ON THE PIGS OF SELECTION OF GENESUS Gorobets A.Y., Trubnikov D.V. Summary In the article there are presented data that are obtained during the scientific and economic experiment on testing of the microencapsulated probiotic preparation "Enzymesporine" with an en-zyme on pigs of selection of Genesus in conditions of modern livestock complex. The results of the researches showed positive influence of discovered preparation on life weight gains, containing in the blood of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, total protein, albumins, glucose, total calcium, immunoglogulins, that is reveal the intensity of metabolic processes and increasing of immunological status of tested pigs.

Effects of Isochoric Freezing Conditions on Cut Potato Quality

Isochoric freezing is a pressure freezing technique that could be used to retain the beneficial effects of food storage at temperatures below their freezing point without ice damage. In this study, potato cylinders were frozen in an isochoric system and examined using full factorial combinations of three processing procedures (immersed in water, vacuum-packed and immersed in ascorbic acid solution), four freezing temperatures/pressures (−3 °C/37 MPa, −6 °C/71 MPa, −9 °C/101 MPa and −15 °C/156 MPa) and two average compression rates (less than 0.02 and more than 0.16 MPa/s). The effects of process variables on critical quality attributes of frozen potatoes after thawing were investigated, including mass change, volume change, water holding capacity, color and texture. Processing procedure and freezing temperature/pressure were found to be highly significant factors, whereas the significance of the compression rate was lower. For the processing procedures, immersion in an isotonic solution of 5% ascorbic acid best preserved quality attributes. At the highest pressure level of 156 MPa and low compression rate of 0.02 MPa/s, potato samples immersed in ascorbic acid retained their color, 98.5% mass and 84% elasticity modulus value. These samples also showed a 1% increase in volume and 13% increase in maximum stress due to pressure-induced hardening.

A systematic study on α-decay chains of superheavy nuclei, Z = 126 & 138

The [Formula: see text]-decay chain of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is studied using cubic plus proximity potential with improved transfer matrix (CPP-ITM) model. The nuclear mass models DD-PC1, WS4, WS3.3 are employed to evaluate the [Formula: see text]-decay energies. Thus calculated [Formula: see text]-decay half-lives and decay chain lengths are found to be in good agreement with other theoretical formalisms. The spontaneous fission (SF) half-lives are calculated using the formalism of Xu et al. [Phys. Rev. C 71 (2005) 014309; Phys. Rev. C 78 (2008) 044329] to have a vision on the possible decay modes and decay chain lengths, and the most probable decay chains associated with the isotopes of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. This paper unveils the mass region that survives fission and also predict the long [Formula: see text]-decay chains of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] emitting 6[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] emit 5[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 4[Formula: see text] particles, while for [Formula: see text] chains will have [Formula: see text] emission. The SF for [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] occur at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. These current predictions may pave way to detect/synthesize the most probable isotopes of the superheavy elements [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] in the laboratory through future experiments.

Radiographic findings in 240 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Objective: to analyze the most frequent radiographic features of COVID-19 pneumonia and assess the effectiveness of CXR in detecting pulmonary alterations.Materials and Methods: CXR of 240 symptomatic patients (70% male, mean age 65±16 years), with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were clustered in four groups based on the number of days between symptom onset and CXR: A (0-2 days) 49 patients, B (3-5) 75 patients, C (6- 9) 85 patients and D (>9) 31 patients. Alteration’s type (reticular/opacification/consolidation) and distribution (bilateral/unilateral, upper/middle/lower fields, peripheral/central) were noted. Statistical significance was tested using chi-squared test.Results: among 240 CXR, 60 (25%) were negative (A 36.7%, B 28%, C 18.8%, D 16.1%). Opacification was observed in 124/180 (68.8%), reticular alteration in 113/180 (62.7%), consolidation in 71/180 (39.4%). Consolidation was significantly less frequent (p<0.01). Distribution among groups was: reticular alteration (A 70.9%, B 72.2%, C 57.9%, D 46.1%), opacification (A 67.7%, B 62.9%, C 71%, D 76.9%), consolidation (A 35.5%, B 31.4%, C 47.8%, D 38.5%). Alterations were bilateral in 73.3%. Upper, middle and lower fields were involved in 36.7%, 79.4%, 87.8%. Lesions were peripheral in 49.4%, central in 11.1% or both in 39.4%. Upper fields and central zones were significantly less involved (p<0.01). Conclusions: the most frequent lesions in COVID-19 patients were opacification (intermediate/late phase) and reticular alteration (early phase) while consolidation gradually increased over time. The most frequent distribution was bilateral, peripheral, with middle/lower predominance. Overall rate of negative CXR is 25%, progressively decreased over time.

Endpoint Temperature Influences Sarcoplasmic Proteome Profile of Cooked Beef Longissimus Lumborum

ObjectivesCooking ensures safety and enhances the palatability attributes of meat. Denaturation of myoglobin results in the dull-brown color of cooked meats. The denaturation of sarcoplasmic proteins is influenced by the degree of heat treatment, and their solubility is decreased with an increase in the endpoint cooking temperature. While previous studies examined the relationship between myoglobin denaturation, cooked color, and internal temperature in beef, investigations are yet to be undertaken to characterize the association between endpoint temperature, sarcoplasmic proteome, and color attributes in cooked steaks. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the influence of endpoint cooking temperature (60 and 71°C) on sarcoplasmic proteome and internal color of beef longissimus lumborum (LL) steaks.Materials and MethodsEight (n = 8) beef LL muscles (14 d postmortem; USDA Choice) were obtained from a commercial packing plant. Two 2.5-cm thick steaks were fabricated from the center of the muscles and were cooked to internal endpoint temperature of 60°C (C-60) or 71°C (C-71) in a clam-shell grill. Cooked steaks were immediately cooled in slushed ice, sliced parallel to the grilled surface, and internal redness (a* value) and color stability (R630/580) were evaluated instrumentally. Sarcoplasmic proteome from the interiors of the cooked steaks was analyzed using 2-dimensional electrophoresis, and the gel images were digitally analyzed. The protein spots exhibiting more than 2.5-fold intensity differences (P < 0.05) between C-60 and C-71 were subjected to in-gel tryptic digestion and were identified by tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsThe C-60 steaks demonstrated greater (P < 0.05) a* and R630/580 than their C-71 counterparts. Seven differentially abundant proteins were identified and were over-abundant (P < 0.05) in C-60 compared to C-71. The differentially abundant proteins belong to 6 functional groups, i.e., transport proteins (serum albumin and hemoglobin), energy metabolism (adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1), chaperones (heat shock protein β-1), antioxidant (thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase), glycolytic enzymes (fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B), and protease (cytosol aminopeptidase).ConclusionThe findings indicated that the endpoint cooking temperature influences the internal cooked color and the sarcoplasmic proteome profile of beef LL steaks. The overabundant proteins in steaks cooked to 60°C may be utilized as potential biomarkers for undercooked beef, which is a source for foodborne infections.