Μελέτη της κλινικής αποτελεσματικότητας (αντικειμενική - ιατροκεντρική εκτίμηση) της λειτουργικής αποκατάστασης και της ποιότητας ζωής (υποκειμενικές -ασθενοκεντρικές εκτιμήσεις) μετά από αναθεώρηση αρθροπλαστικών ισχίου

Η αξιολόγηση των αποτελεσμάτων μετά από μία χειρουργική επέμβαση ανακατασκευής της άρθρωσης του ισχίου γίνεται συνήθως με αντικειμενικές κλίμακες και ανάλυση επιβίωσης. Στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία υπάρχει αυξημένο ενδιαφέρον από τους μελετητές για την υποκειμενική αξιολόγηση των αποτελεσμάτων αυτών. Βασικό πρόβλημα στην αξιολόγηση και κατανόηση των αποτελεσμάτων αυτών των χειρουργικών επεμβάσεων είναι η ανομοιομορφία των χρησιμοποιούμενων τεχνικών και εμφυτευμάτων, και οι διαφορετικές αιτίες αποτυχίας (συγχυτικοί παράγοντες). Μακροχρόνια αποτελέσματα μετά από αναθεώρηση ολικής αρθροπλαστικής ισχίου είναι σχετικά σπάνια στην βιβλιογραφία. Ιδιαίτερα, δεν υπάρχουν πολλές μελέτες όπου μελετάται συγκριτικά το κλινικό αποτέλεσμα, η λειτουργικότητα των ασθενών και η ποιότητα ζωής μετά από τέτοιες επεμβάσεις. Στη μελέτη αυτή συμπεριελήφθησαν εκατό είκοσι δύο ασθενείς (130 ισχία) που υπεβλήθησαν σε αναθεώρηση χωρίς τη χρήση οστικού τσιμέντου λόγω άσηπτης χαλάρωσης χρησιμοποιώντας συγκεκριμένη τεχνική και υλικά (TMT cup, Wagner SL stem, Zimmer Biomet) (ομάδα Α). Οι ασθενείς αυτοί συγκρίθηκαν με εκατό ασθενείς (100 ισχία) με παρόμοια χαρακτηριστικά οι οποίοι υπεβλήθησαν σε πρωτογενή αρθροπλαστική (ομάδα Β). Στην τελική επίσκεψη οι ασθενείς μελετήθηκαν με:•Αντικειμενικές μετρήσεις βάδισης, οι οποίες περιελάμβαναν την ταχύτητα βάδισης και το Timed-up-and-Go τεστ.•Την αντικειμενική κλίμακα αξιολόγησης της άρθρωσης του ισχίου Harris hip score.•Υποκειμενικές κλίμακες λειτουργικής αποκατάστασης, συμπληρούμενες από τον ίδιο τον ασθενή (patient reported outcome measures, PROMs) οι οποίες περιελάμβαναν την ειδική για οστεοαρθρίτιδα κλίμακα Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), την ειδική για την άρθρωση του ισχίου Oxford hip score (OHS), όπως επίσης και την ειδική για τα κάτω άκρα υποκειμενική κλίμακα Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS).•Υποκειμενικές κλίμακες δραστηριότητας, οι οποίες περιελάμβαναν την κλίμακα Parker mobility σκορ και την κλίμακα University of California at Los Angeles activity σκορ (UCLA).•Υποκειμενικές κλίμακες ποιότητας ζωής, οι οποίες περιελάμβαναν την κλίμακα 12 (SF-12) και την κλίμακα EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L).Μετά από ένα μέσο χρόνο παρακολούθησης 11.1 χρόνων (εύρος, 7-16) 96% (95% CI; 96-99%) των ισχίων παρέμενε χωρίς αναθεώρηση για οποιοδήποτε λόγο στην ομάδα Α και 98% (95% CI; 97-99%) στην ομάδα Β. Στατιστικώς σημαντική διαφορά ανάμεσα στις δύο ομάδες βρέθηκε για το WOMAC (Mann-Whitney U test, p= 0.014), το OHS (Mann-Whitney U test, p= 0.020) και το σκέλος της φυσικής δραστηριότητας του SF-12 (Mann-Whitney U test, p= 0.029). Η ομάδα Α των αναθεωρήσεων, προεγχειρητικά, είχε καλύτερη φυσική δραστηριότητα και λειτουργία από την ομάδα Β των πρωτογενών αρθροπλαστικών. Παρόλα αυτά, η ομάδα Β βελτιώθηκε περισσότερο από την ομάδα Α των αναθεωρήσεων, με αποτέλεσμα η ομάδα Α να έχει στατιστικώς και κλινικώς σημαντικά χαμηλότερες τιμές στις λειτουργικές κλίμακες από την ομάδα Β των πρωτογενών αρθροπλαστικών.Στην ομάδα Α, στην πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση βρέθηκε ότι η νοητική λειτουργία (p=0.001), το ΒΜΙ (p=0.007) και ο μετεγχειρητικός πόνος (p=0.022) ανεξάρτητα επηρέαζαν την λειτουργικότητα των ασθενών όπως μετρήθηκε με το WOMAC σκορ. Παράλληλα, στην πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση βρέθηκε πως ο μετεγχειρητικός πόνος (p=0.03) επηρέαζε την ποιότητα ζωής των ασθενών αυτών όπως αυτή αξιολογήθηκε με το EQ-5D-5L.Συμπερασματικά, σε μακροχρόνια βάση, η αναθεώρηση ολικής αρθροπλαστικής ισχίου έχει ικανοποιητικά αλλά κατώτερα λειτουργικά αποτελέσματα από την πρωτογενή αρθροπλαστική ισχίου, σύμφωνα με υποκειμενικές κλίμακες αξιολόγησης συμπληρωμένα από τον ίδιο τον ασθενή. Η λειτουργία του ισχίου και κινητικότητα σύμφωνα με αντικειμενικές κλίμακες συμπληρωμένες από τους μελετητές παρουσιάζεται επίσης βελτιωμένη μετά από την αναθεώρηση αλλά όχι σε τέτοιο βαθμό όπως στις πρωτογενείς αρθροπλαστικές. Τέλος, η ποιότητα ζωής, όπως μετρήθηκε με το SF-12 ήταν φτωχότερη στην ομάδα των αναθεωρήσεων. Ο εμμένων πόνος, ο αυξημένος δείκτης σώματος (BMI) και η επηρεασμένη νοητική λειτουργεία έχουν αρνητική επιρροή στους παραπάνω δείκτες. Οι ασθενείς θα πρέπει κατά την προεγχειρητική συζήτηση να ενημερώνονται επαρκώς σύμφωνα με τα παραπάνω δεδομένα, για τη βέλτιστη διαχείριση των προσδοκιών τους και για να μην εγείρονται ιατρονομικά ζητήματα.

Evaluation of the Oxford Hip Score: Does it still have content validity? Interviews of total hip arthroplasty patients

Background The Oxford Hip Score is used to evaluate the outcome after total hip arthroplasty. The Oxford Hip Score was developed more than 20 years ago with only some degree of patient involvement. We question if the Oxford Hip Score is still relevant for the present-day total hip artrhoplasty patients. We aimed to determine whether the Oxford Hip Score contains items that are relevant for present-day patients with osteoarthritis undergoing total hip arthroplasty, thus investigating the content validity. Methods Patients aged 60–75 years, undergoing total hip arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis were recruited to participate in focus group interviews preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months after primary total hip arthroplasty. We conducted 6 focus group interviews in which 30 patients participated. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, we inductively organised the interview transcripts into particular items/themes which we then compared to items in the Oxford Hip Score. Results We identified 6 general items with 41 sub-items. The 6 general items were pain, walking, physical activities, functional abilities, quality of life and psychological health. We found that items in the Oxford Hip Score were all in some way relevant to the patients but that the Oxford Hip Score lacks several important items relevant for present-day total hip artrhoplasty patients, including several physical activities, functional abilities and certain aspects of quality of life and psychological health. Conclusion We found that the Oxford Hip Score lacks important items for present-day patients in our population. Due to findings regarding several additional items that are not present in the Oxford Hip Score, particularly concerning physical activities and quality of life, we question the content validity of the Oxford Hip Score for a present-day population. Our findings indicate a need for a revision of the Oxford Hip Score.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Indonesian version of the Oxford Hip Score

Aims The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of Oxford Hip Score (OHS) to Indonesian, and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods We performed a cross-cultural adaptation of Oxford Hip Score into Indonesian language (OHS-ID) and determined its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, floor-ceiling effect, responsiveness, and construct validity by hypotheses testing of its correlation with Harris Hip Score (HHS), vsual analogue scale (VAS), and Short Form-36 (SF-36). Adults (> 17 years old) with chronic hip pain (osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis) were included. Results A total of 125 patients were included, including 50 total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients with six months follow-up. The OHS questionnaire was translated into Indonesian and showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89) and good reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.98). The standard error of measurement value of 2.11 resulted in minimal detectable change score of 5.8. Ten out of ten (100%) a priori hypotheses were met, confirming the construct validity. A strong correlation was found with two subscales of SF-36 (pain and physical function), HHS (0.94), and VAS (-0.83). OHS-ID also showed good responsiveness for post-THA series. Floor and ceiling effect was not found. Conclusion The Indonesian version of OHS showed similar reliability and validity with the original OHS. This questionnaire will be suitable to assess chronic hip pain in Indonesian-speaking patients. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(9):765–772.

A continuous PREMs and PROMs Observatory for elective hip and knee arthroplasty: study protocol

IntroductionScholars, healthcare practitioners and policymakers have increasingly focused their attention on patient-centredness. Patient-reported metrics support patient-driven improvement actions in healthcare systems. Despite the great interest, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are still not extensively collected in many countries and not integrated with the collection of patient-reported experience measures (PREMs). This protocol describes the methodology behind an innovative observatory implemented in Tuscany, Italy, aiming at continuously and longitudinally collecting PROMs and PREMs for elective hip and knee total replacement.Methods and analysisThe Observatory is digital. Enrolled patients are invited via SMS or email to online questionnaires, which include the Oxford Hip Score or the Oxford Knee Score. Data are real-time reported to healthcare professionals and managers in a raw format, anonymised and aggregated on a web platform. The data will be used to investigate the relationship between the PROMs trend and patients’ characteristics, surgical procedure, hospital characteristics, and PREMs. Indicators using patient data will be computed, and they will integrate the healthcare performance evaluation system adopted in Tuscany.Ethics and disseminationThe data protection officers of local healthcare organisations and the regional privacy office framed the initiative referring to the national and regional guidelines that regulate patient surveys. The findings will be reported both in real time and for publication in peer-reviewed journals.

The Olympia anatomic polished cemented stem is associated with a high survivorship, excellent hip-specific functional outcome, and high satisfaction levels: follow-up of 239 consecutive patients beyond 15 years

Introduction The Olympia femoral stem is a stainless steel, anatomically shaped, polished and three-dimensionally tapered implant designed for use in cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). The primary aim of this study was to determine the long-term survivorship, radiographic outcome, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of the Olympia stem. Patients and methods Between May 2003 and December 2005, 239 patients (264 THAs) underwent a THA with an Olympia stem in our institution. Patient-reported outcome measures were assessed using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS), EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) score, and patient satisfaction at mean 10 years following THA. Patient records and radiographs were then reviewed at a mean of 16.5 years (SD 0.7, 15.3–17.8) following THA to identify occurrence of complications or revision surgery for any cause following surgery. Radiographs were assessed for lucent lines and lysis according to Gruen’s zones Results Mean patient age at surgery was 68.0 years (SD 10.9, 31–93 years). There were 156 women (65%, 176 THAs). Osteoarthritis was the indication for THA in 204 patients (85%). All cause stem survivorship at 10 years was 99.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97.9%–100%) and at 15 years was 97.5% (94.6%–100%). The 15-year stem survival for aseptic loosening was 100%. Analysis of all-cause THA failure demonstrated a survivorship of 98.5% (96.3%–100%) at 10 years and 95.9% (92.4%–99.4%) at 15 years. There were 9 THAs with non-progressive lucent lines in a single Gruen zone and 3 had lines in two zones, and no patient demonstrated signs for lysis. At a mean of 10-year (SD 0.8, 8.7–11.3) follow-up, mean OHS was 39 (SD 10.3, range 7–48) and 94% of patients reported being very satisfied or satisfied with their THA. Conclusions The Olympia stem demonstrated excellent 10-year PROMs and very high rates of stem survivorship at final follow-up beyond 15 years.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of Steinberg I and II avascular necrosis of the femoral head: a report of fifteen cases and literature review

Purpose This article aimed to report a case series of pre-collapse avascular necrosis of the femoral head treated with hyperbaric oxygen and review the most recent literature on the topic. Methods The data from a prospectively followed registry of 15 patients with Steinberg I and II avascular necrosis of the femoral head was collected. Functional outcome, pain scores, and radiographic changes at an average follow-up of 22 months were analyzed and reported. Results Thirteen patients had satisfactory outcome at final follow-up with an average Oxford hip score of 37.3, pain scores were significantly improved at final follow-up (P < 0.001), and 26.7% of hips progressed to collapse on follow-up radiographs with no complications reported in all patients. Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for pre-collapse avascular necrosis of the femoral head is considered a safe alternative with satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes and low complications rate.

Cement-in-cement femoral component revision

Aims Cement-in-cement revision of the femoral component represents a widely practised technique for a variety of indications in revision total hip arthroplasty. In this study, we compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of two polished tapered femoral components. Methods From our prospectively collated database, we identified all patients undergoing cement-in-cement revision from January 2005 to January 2013 who had a minimum of two years' follow-up. All cases were performed by the senior author using either an Exeter short revision stem or the C-Stem AMT high offset No. 1 prosthesis. Patients were followed-up annually with clinical and radiological assessment. Results A total of 97 patients matched the inclusion criteria (50 Exeter and 47 C-Stem AMT components). There were no significant differences between the patient demographic data in either group. Mean follow-up was 9.7 years. A significant improvement in Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and 12-item Short-Form Survey (SF-12) scores was observed in both cohorts. Leg lengths were significantly shorter in the Exeter group, with a mean of -4 mm in this cohort compared with 0 mm in the C-Stem AMT group. One patient in the Exeter group had early evidence of radiological loosening. In total, 16 patients (15%) underwent further revision of the femoral component (seven in the C-Stem AMT group and nine in the Exeter group). No femoral components were revised for aseptic loosening. There were two cases of femoral component fracture in the Exeter group. Conclusion Our series shows promising mid-term outcomes for the cement-in-cement revision technique using either the Exeter or C-Stem AMT components. These results demonstrate that cement-in-cement revision using a double or triple taper-slip design is a safe and reliable technique when used for the correct indications. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7):1215–1221.

Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures in Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA): Comparison Between Osteosynthesis and Revision

Background Periprosthetic fractures are challenging complication of hip arthroplasty and a rare injury, but their incidence is increasing. The surgical treatment is demanding to achieve early mobilization and avoid the complications of prolonged recumbency. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment in periprosthetic femoral fractures of hip arthroplasty, making a comparison between implant revision and reduction and internal fixation of the fracture.Methods Authors retrospectively reviewed a series of 117 patients with total hip arthroplasty treated for periprosthetic femur fractures in the period between January 2013 and March 2018 at a single tertiary referral center. We collected the data of 70 patients who satisfied inclusion criteria. The fractures were classified according to the Unified Classification System (UCS) and randomized in two groups: reduction and internal fixation (G1) or revision arthroplasty (G2). Clinical outcomes were assessed with Oxford Hip Score post and pre-surgery, Barthel Score in relation to CIRS score (Cumulative illness rating scale), the type of fracture and post-operative complications with a minimum follow up of one year.Results Nominal univariable statistical analysis revealed significantly results concerning the difference between the post and pre-operative Oxford Hip Score (D Oxford) with type of treatment (p=0,008) and with the CIRS score (p=0,048). Moreover, we observed a strong significant relationship between type of treatment and type of fracture (P=0,0001). Multivariable analyses revealed that CIRS score was independently associated with Oxford Score improvement after surgery (P=0,024).Conclusions Authors reported how the surgical revision has a better functional outcome in B2 type of fracture than B1 or C, but the chosen treatment should be related to surgeon’s experience and patient’s comorbidities and a multidisciplinary team.

Long-term Results of the Thrust Plate Prosthesis, 21-year Follow-up: A Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: The thrust plate prosthesis (TPP) is a type of cementless hip replacement. Aimed to preserve femoral diaphyseal bone, it was favored by some orthopedic surgeons in younger patients as they could potentially undergo multiple revision arthroplasties during their lifetime. Of particular note, the preserved diaphyseal bone allows for the implantation of a subsequent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Case Report: We reported on a 64-year-old male patient who underwent thrust plate prosthesis (TPP) implantation 21 years ago (1999) for the treatment of primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the right hip joint. At 21-year follow-up, he had not developed any post-operative complications, and he reported a SF12 score of 32 and Oxford hip score of 47/48. Conclusion: TPP proved to be successful clinically and radiologically, especially in the young patient. It loads directly to the cortex of the proximal femoral metaphysis as in a native hip joint. It is a bone preserving prosthesis which allows for good bone stock in the case of revision surgery that was a victim of commercial considerations. Keywords: Thrust plate prosthesis, thrust plate prosthesis, arthroplasty.