type of fracture
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Author(s):  
Oksana Andriivna Tatarinova ◽  
Dmytro Vasylovych Breslavsky

The paper presents the formulation of a two-dimensional problem of the creep theory for the case of finite strains. A description of the foundations of the calculation method presents. The method is based on the use of the generalized Lagrange-Euler (ALE) approach, in which the boundary value problem in the current solid configuration is solved by using FEM. A triangular element is involved in the numerical modeling. At each stage of creep calculations in the current configuration, the initial problem is solved numerically using the finite difference method. The preprocessing data preparation is carried out in the homemade RD program, in which two-dimensional model is surrounded by a mesh of special elements. This feature implements the ALE algorithm for the motion of material elements along the model. The examples of preprocessing as well as of the mesh rebuilding in the case of finite elements transition are given. Creep calculations are performed in the developed program, which is based on the use of the FEM Creep software package in the case of finite strains. The regular mesh is used for calculations, which allow us to use the efficient algorithm for transition between current configurations. The numerical results of the creep of specimens made from aluminum alloys are compared with the experimental and calculated ones obtained by integrating the constitutive equations. It was concluded that for material with ductile type of fracture the presented method and software allow to obtain results very close to experimental only by use of creep rate equation. Creep simulations of material with mixed brittle-ductile fracture type demand use the additional equation for damage variable.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Prakriti Raj Kandel ◽  
Bipan Shrestha ◽  
Kishor Man Shrestha ◽  
Shreshal Shrestha ◽  
Pradip Chhetri

INTRODUCTION: The ideal management of proximal humerus fracture is still controversial despite various treatment options. Conservative treatment with slab is fraught with shoulder stiffness and malunion while surgical treatment with plates and nail is fraught with infection and blood loss. Therefore, Joshi External Stabilization System (JESS) being a minimally invasive percutaneous procedure can be the ideal treatment for these fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective and observational hospital based study was carried out in Orthopedics Department, Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH) from December 2018 to January 2021. All patients with traumatic proximal humerus fracture who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study and were treated with JESS. Fracture was classified according to Neer classification and functional outcome was assessed according to Constant Murley Score (CMS) system. Post-operatively patients were regularly followed at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference in VAS score (p<0.05) measured at six weeks, three months and six months; and CMS (p<0.05) at three months and six months. There was statistically significant difference between fracture type (Neer type) and fracture union (p<0.05). But the association between functional outcome and type of fracture was statically insignificant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Displaced proximal humerus fracture when treated surgically with JESS has good functional and radiological outcome. It produces less pain, less stiffness and greater Range of Motion (ROM).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Ansari ◽  
Fatemeh javadi ◽  
Kiana Hanjani ◽  
Ahmad Najafi Abrandabadi ◽  
Mahshid Gashtasb ◽  
...  

Abstract Aim and Background: Restoration of severely damaged primary anterior teeth are deemed as serious challenges for pediatric dentists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of primary canines restored with flowable or packable composite resin posts. Material and Methods This study was conducted on a group of extracted primary canines. After cutting the coronal section, standard pulpectomy was performed and root canals were filled with ZOE paste leaving 3 mm coronal root space. A liner was placed above the root canal filling as a barrier. Samples were then randomly divided into two groups of fifteen. Both groups, received etch, bond, then in group I Core Flo Composite resin placement into canal, in group II, post shaping using designated packable composite resin and inserted into the canal. Followed by Core buildup and Crown reconstruction using Z250 composite resin. Samples were mounted at 148 ° angle on the acrylic blocks and stored in de-ionized water for 72 hours. Fracture resistance was measured using Universal Testing Machine. Data analysis were performed using independent t-test. Chi- square test were also employed to assess the type of fracture within groups. Results The mean fracture resistance in the group I was 830.31(+/-328.69N) and 803.09(+/-326.45N) in group II. Moreover, statistical analyses of the results showed no significant difference between the mean values of the fracture resistance (p-value=0.822) of groups as well as the type of fracture (p-value=0.79) between groups. Conclusion The ease of use and proper adhesion of the Core Flo composite resin, seems to help its use in the reconstruction of severely destructed anterior primary teeth.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Filipe de Carvalho Nogueira ◽  
Rosa Rayanne Lins de Souza ◽  
Ladyanne Pavão de Menezes ◽  
Pedro Henrique De Souza Lopes ◽  
Ozawa Brasil Júnior ◽  
...  

Introduction: Fractures of the frontal bone correspond to 5 to 15% of all facial fractures. This type of fracture can lead to difficulties in restoring bone congruence and to postoperative secondary aesthetic problems. Objective: This paper aims to present a clinical case report of frontal bone fracture where a late reconstruction was performed using a titanium mesh with the aid of stereolithographic model prototyping. Case report: Female patient, 26 years old, with aesthetic sequelae in the upper third of the face after a motorcycle accident. The imaging exams showed a comminuted frontal bone fracture, as well as upper edge and right orbit ceiling involvement. The planning consisted of reconstruction of the affected area with the use of a titanium mesh pre-shaped in a stereolithographic model. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia and coronal access. After installation of the fixation material, pericranial flap rotation and suture of the surgical wound were performed. The patient progressed well, with considerable improvement in facial aesthetics. Conclusion: This paper reports the importance of good planning in cases of frontal bone fracture sequel, in which the use of model-shaped mesh in a stereolithographic model tends to optimize surgery, bringing aesthetic and psychosocial benefits.   Keywords Frontal bone; Titanium; Craniocerebral trauma.


QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Samir Masoud ◽  
Ahmad Fathi El Sherif ◽  
Raghda Elsayed Tallal ◽  
Mahmoud Mahrous Mohamed Waly

Abstract Background Metacarpal fractures are among the most common fractures of the skeletal system and account for 36 % of hand and wrist fractures. Aim of the Work To determine the functional outcome and postoperative complications for both these surgical techniques in the treatment of second and third metacarpal bones fractures. Patients and Methods The systematic review was restricted to clinical studies of both these surgical techniques in the treatment of closed second and third metacarpal fractures. We reviewed studies that include management of metacarpal fractures with open reduction and internal fixation using plate and screws versus percutaneous crossed Kirschner wires fixation. Results No specification was made about the type of fracture, other than shaft fractures located in the second and the third metacarpal. All fractures were operated because of instability, angulations’ or rotational deformity. No comparison can therefore be made between fracture type (i.e. spiral, oblique) and functional results. As all studies reported identical indication for surgical fixation a comparison between type of fixation and functional result can be made. Conclusion Based on the reported results there is no evidence to suggest one fixation technique over another. The reported complications however for ORIF and K-wire fixation in the treatment of metacarpal fractures are unmistakably different for the two types of fixation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
Yogesh Sharma ◽  
Yogesh Malik ◽  
Dhritobroto Bhattacherjee ◽  
Rijuta De ◽  
Dhruv Gautam ◽  
...  

Introduction: Trochanteric fractures are among the most common injuries which are usually resulting from minimal to moderate physical trauma to areas of bone signicantly weakened by osteoporosis. The greatest problems for the orthopaedic surgeon to treating the unstable trochanteric fracture and the complications (implant failure, varus collapse, non-union) occur from xation that result of instability. The implants have evolved from extramedullary implants like dynamic hip screw to the intramedullary types of PFNA2 nail. 50 patients were included in our study from July 2019 to July 2021. 25 patient Material And Methods : s were treated with PFNA2 (Group I) and 25 patients with PFN (Group II) Nails. Mean blood loss during surgery was 153.8±10.92 Results : & 201.6±38.48 in group I & group II respectively and the mean duration of surgery in group I and group II was 65.24+6.57 min and 85.44 + 11.08 min respectively. Conclusion : We concluded that use of helical blade PFN is certainly better in 31A2.2 and 31A3.3 type of fracture than screw PFN.


Author(s):  
Amarjeet Singh ◽  

Introduction: Older people with diseased conditions are more prone to fracture irrespective of gender. Osteoporosis is the most common cause of elderly fractures. Objectives: 1) To ascertain the profile and pattern of geriatric fracture cases reporting a tertiary care institution, 2) To ascertain the extent of mortality and complications in geriatric fracture cases, and 3) To ascertain the functional outcomes of geriatric fracture cases discharged from the tertiary care institute. Methodology: A list of geriatric fracture inpatients of an institution was made for 2014 - 2018. The data on the profile of patients, type of fracture, treatment received, the lag time between the reporting and the surgery, comorbidities, past medical history, cause/ place of fracture, length of stay, and status at the time of the phone-based interview were analysed through SPSS software. Results: The highest range of the age for fracture occurrence was 60-70 years. Female patients were more than the male ones. Femur fracture was the most common. The most common direct cause of the fracture was fall (indoor). Open reduction, internal fixation and arthroplasty were the commonest treatment performed. The lag time between the patient arrival to the health care and surgery was 0-5 days. The highest length of stay by the patients in the hospital was 0-10 days. Conclusion: The possible direct causes of the fracture reported in the study were falls, roadside accidents, trauma etc.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Lina Marlina ◽  
Bambang S.R. Utomo ◽  
Fransiskus H. Poluan

AbstrakFraktur pada wajah dapat menyebabkan defisit fungsional dan estetika jika tidak ditangani dengan baik. Tatalaksana akut yang tepat dari fraktur wajah harus didasarkan pada evaluasi cepat dan menyeluruh. Keberhasilan rekontruksi wajah merupakan keadaan darurat yang perlu dievaluasi dalam waktu 24 jam dari trauma. Berbagai jenis reduksi dan fiksasi tergantung pada fungsi, lokasi, jenis fraktur, dan usia pasien. Kasus ini diajukan untuk memperlihatkan keberhasilan tatalaksana trauma akut maksilofasial. Dilaporkan seorang laki-laki 37 tahun dengan panfasial fraktur yang dilakukan reduksi dan fiksasi 3 hari setelah trauma dengan pemasangan plat dan sekrup, serta fiksasi mukoginggival kombinasi antara arch bardan quickfix. Reduksi, reposisi dan fiksasi dilakukan setelah edema mukosa hebat disertai kombinasi antara arch bar dan quickfix pada mukoginggival merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi risiko perdarahan dan memudahkan reposisi.Kata kunci: fraktur wajah, panfasial fraktur,edema mukosa.Management of Maxillofacial Traumawith Panfacial FractureAbstractFacial fractures can cause functional and aesthetic deficits if not treated properly. Appropriate acute management of facial fractures should be based on a rapid and thorough evaluation. Successful facial reconstruction is an emergency that needs to be evaluated within 24 hours of trauma. Different types of reduction and fixation depend on the function, location, type of fracture, and the age of the patient. This case is presented to demonstrate the success of acute maxillofacial trauma management. Reported a 37-year-old man with a facial fracture who underwent reduction and fixation 3 days after trauma with plate and screw installation, and combination mucogingival fixation between arch bar and quickfix. Reduction, reposition and fixation performed after severe mucosal edema accompanied by a combination of arch bar and quickfix on the mucogingival is an alternative to reduce the risk of bleeding and facilitate repositioning.Keywords: facial fracture, panfacial fracture, mucosal edema.


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