Ambulatory and Social Performance Status After Transfemoral Prosthetic Rehabilitation Regarding Age, Gender, and Marital Status

Objectives: This study aims to determine the association of ambulatory and social performance status of transfemoral prosthetic users with their age, gender, and marital status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 transfemoral prosthesis users. A sample was recruited from both genders aged 10-60 years using the prosthesis for at least one year. They were selected using the non-probability convenience sampling method from the Pakistan Institute of Prosthetic and Orthotic Sciences from July 2019 to December 2019. Lower extremity functional scale and short form-36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) were used for data collection, followed by statistical analysis. Results: Ambulatory status (as measured by the total lower extremity functional scale) revealed significant association (P<0.001) with age. The highest score belonged to the 10-30 years age group. Also, there was a significant association (P=0.003) with marital status with the highest scores for unmarried ones. However, no significant (P=0.705) gender association was noted though scores were higher for the male gender. As regards, the social performance was measured by SF-36. The findings revealed a significant association (P<0.05) of most domains of SF-36 with age groups, with the highest scores for the age group of 10-30 years. Also, a significant association with the gender with higher scores in females was noted in most domains. In contrast, no significant association with marital status was reported in most domains. Discussion: Ambulatory status has a significant association with age and marital status with no significant gender association. While social performance has a significant association with gender, most domains had significant associations with age groups. However, no association with marital status was present.

Μελέτη της κλινικής αποτελεσματικότητας (αντικειμενική - ιατροκεντρική εκτίμηση) της λειτουργικής αποκατάστασης και της ποιότητας ζωής (υποκειμενικές -ασθενοκεντρικές εκτιμήσεις) μετά από αναθεώρηση αρθροπλαστικών ισχίου

Η αξιολόγηση των αποτελεσμάτων μετά από μία χειρουργική επέμβαση ανακατασκευής της άρθρωσης του ισχίου γίνεται συνήθως με αντικειμενικές κλίμακες και ανάλυση επιβίωσης. Στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία υπάρχει αυξημένο ενδιαφέρον από τους μελετητές για την υποκειμενική αξιολόγηση των αποτελεσμάτων αυτών. Βασικό πρόβλημα στην αξιολόγηση και κατανόηση των αποτελεσμάτων αυτών των χειρουργικών επεμβάσεων είναι η ανομοιομορφία των χρησιμοποιούμενων τεχνικών και εμφυτευμάτων, και οι διαφορετικές αιτίες αποτυχίας (συγχυτικοί παράγοντες). Μακροχρόνια αποτελέσματα μετά από αναθεώρηση ολικής αρθροπλαστικής ισχίου είναι σχετικά σπάνια στην βιβλιογραφία. Ιδιαίτερα, δεν υπάρχουν πολλές μελέτες όπου μελετάται συγκριτικά το κλινικό αποτέλεσμα, η λειτουργικότητα των ασθενών και η ποιότητα ζωής μετά από τέτοιες επεμβάσεις. Στη μελέτη αυτή συμπεριελήφθησαν εκατό είκοσι δύο ασθενείς (130 ισχία) που υπεβλήθησαν σε αναθεώρηση χωρίς τη χρήση οστικού τσιμέντου λόγω άσηπτης χαλάρωσης χρησιμοποιώντας συγκεκριμένη τεχνική και υλικά (TMT cup, Wagner SL stem, Zimmer Biomet) (ομάδα Α). Οι ασθενείς αυτοί συγκρίθηκαν με εκατό ασθενείς (100 ισχία) με παρόμοια χαρακτηριστικά οι οποίοι υπεβλήθησαν σε πρωτογενή αρθροπλαστική (ομάδα Β). Στην τελική επίσκεψη οι ασθενείς μελετήθηκαν με:•Αντικειμενικές μετρήσεις βάδισης, οι οποίες περιελάμβαναν την ταχύτητα βάδισης και το Timed-up-and-Go τεστ.•Την αντικειμενική κλίμακα αξιολόγησης της άρθρωσης του ισχίου Harris hip score.•Υποκειμενικές κλίμακες λειτουργικής αποκατάστασης, συμπληρούμενες από τον ίδιο τον ασθενή (patient reported outcome measures, PROMs) οι οποίες περιελάμβαναν την ειδική για οστεοαρθρίτιδα κλίμακα Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), την ειδική για την άρθρωση του ισχίου Oxford hip score (OHS), όπως επίσης και την ειδική για τα κάτω άκρα υποκειμενική κλίμακα Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS).•Υποκειμενικές κλίμακες δραστηριότητας, οι οποίες περιελάμβαναν την κλίμακα Parker mobility σκορ και την κλίμακα University of California at Los Angeles activity σκορ (UCLA).•Υποκειμενικές κλίμακες ποιότητας ζωής, οι οποίες περιελάμβαναν την κλίμακα 12 (SF-12) και την κλίμακα EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L).Μετά από ένα μέσο χρόνο παρακολούθησης 11.1 χρόνων (εύρος, 7-16) 96% (95% CI; 96-99%) των ισχίων παρέμενε χωρίς αναθεώρηση για οποιοδήποτε λόγο στην ομάδα Α και 98% (95% CI; 97-99%) στην ομάδα Β. Στατιστικώς σημαντική διαφορά ανάμεσα στις δύο ομάδες βρέθηκε για το WOMAC (Mann-Whitney U test, p= 0.014), το OHS (Mann-Whitney U test, p= 0.020) και το σκέλος της φυσικής δραστηριότητας του SF-12 (Mann-Whitney U test, p= 0.029). Η ομάδα Α των αναθεωρήσεων, προεγχειρητικά, είχε καλύτερη φυσική δραστηριότητα και λειτουργία από την ομάδα Β των πρωτογενών αρθροπλαστικών. Παρόλα αυτά, η ομάδα Β βελτιώθηκε περισσότερο από την ομάδα Α των αναθεωρήσεων, με αποτέλεσμα η ομάδα Α να έχει στατιστικώς και κλινικώς σημαντικά χαμηλότερες τιμές στις λειτουργικές κλίμακες από την ομάδα Β των πρωτογενών αρθροπλαστικών.Στην ομάδα Α, στην πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση βρέθηκε ότι η νοητική λειτουργία (p=0.001), το ΒΜΙ (p=0.007) και ο μετεγχειρητικός πόνος (p=0.022) ανεξάρτητα επηρέαζαν την λειτουργικότητα των ασθενών όπως μετρήθηκε με το WOMAC σκορ. Παράλληλα, στην πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση βρέθηκε πως ο μετεγχειρητικός πόνος (p=0.03) επηρέαζε την ποιότητα ζωής των ασθενών αυτών όπως αυτή αξιολογήθηκε με το EQ-5D-5L.Συμπερασματικά, σε μακροχρόνια βάση, η αναθεώρηση ολικής αρθροπλαστικής ισχίου έχει ικανοποιητικά αλλά κατώτερα λειτουργικά αποτελέσματα από την πρωτογενή αρθροπλαστική ισχίου, σύμφωνα με υποκειμενικές κλίμακες αξιολόγησης συμπληρωμένα από τον ίδιο τον ασθενή. Η λειτουργία του ισχίου και κινητικότητα σύμφωνα με αντικειμενικές κλίμακες συμπληρωμένες από τους μελετητές παρουσιάζεται επίσης βελτιωμένη μετά από την αναθεώρηση αλλά όχι σε τέτοιο βαθμό όπως στις πρωτογενείς αρθροπλαστικές. Τέλος, η ποιότητα ζωής, όπως μετρήθηκε με το SF-12 ήταν φτωχότερη στην ομάδα των αναθεωρήσεων. Ο εμμένων πόνος, ο αυξημένος δείκτης σώματος (BMI) και η επηρεασμένη νοητική λειτουργεία έχουν αρνητική επιρροή στους παραπάνω δείκτες. Οι ασθενείς θα πρέπει κατά την προεγχειρητική συζήτηση να ενημερώνονται επαρκώς σύμφωνα με τα παραπάνω δεδομένα, για τη βέλτιστη διαχείριση των προσδοκιών τους και για να μην εγείρονται ιατρονομικά ζητήματα.

Normative Data for Lower Extremity Functional Scale in Young Adult Healthy Population

Objective: To determine the prescriptive/ normative data for the Lower Extremity Functional Scale in young adult healthy Population. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 1500 participants of normal healthy population. Health of the Participants was assessed by using the SGA-Subjective Global Assessment form. The study comprised of a brief set of questions in which age [as a constant variable and categorized into 3 groups (20-30, 31-40, and 41-50 years)] and sex of the individuals were noted. Next, they were given the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) questionnaire. The LEFS have twenty queries in four groups. For each query, 0 to 4 points can be obtained, so 80 points can be received in total-demonstrating optimum lower extremity function (Binkley et al. 1999). Data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: Result showed that mean outcome/ score for their LEFS for the entire human population was 74.12 (out of 80). Men and Women had mean scores (57.31 and 77.88 respectively). Women scores high as compared to men, as the scores decreases with increasing age. Conclusion: Result showed that Lower extremity functional scale scores vary according to the age and also the gender of the participants. Lower extremity functional score decreases with increasing age. Women have relatively higher scores than men. Key words: Lower Extremity Functional scale

Systematic Review of Outcome Measures Used After Proximal Hamstring Repair

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures are important to determine outcomes after orthopaedic procedures. There is currently no standard for outcome measures in the evaluation of patient outcomes after proximal hamstring repair. Purpose: To identify and evaluate outcome measures used after proximal hamstring repair. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify all English-language articles assessing outcomes after proximal hamstring repair in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, MEDLINE via OvidSP, and Web of Science between 2000 and 2019. After duplicates were removed, studies were selected using eligibility criteria established by the authors. Image reviews, anatomic/histology studies, literature reviews, surgical technique reports, systematic reviews, narrative reviews, case studies, and studies with <5 patients were excluded. Extraction, synthesis, and analysis of outcome measure data were performed using Microsoft Excel. Quality assessment of included studies was performed using Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies criteria. Results: After duplicate articles were removed, a total of 304 unique articles were identified and 27 met the inclusion criteria. The mean number of patients with proximal hamstring repairs per study was 40. The most frequently reported outcome measures were return to sport (14/27; 51.9%), custom survey/questionnaire (13/27; 48.1%), and isokinetic hamstring strength testing (13/27; 48.1%). Six of the 10 most commonly used outcome measures were validated and included Lower Extremity Functional Scale, 12-Item Short Form Health Survey, visual analog scale for pain, Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool (PHAT), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, and Tegner Activity Scale. Of those, PHAT was the only validated outcome measure designed for proximal hamstring repair. Conclusion: There is currently no consensus on the best outcome measurements for the evaluation of patients after proximal hamstring repair. We recommend an increased commitment to the use of return to sport, isokinetic strength testing, Lower Extremity Functional Scale, and PHAT when assessing such injuries. Future studies should aim to define the most reliable methods of outcome measurement in this patient population through consistent use of tools that are clinically relevant and important to patients and can easily be employed in a variety of clinical scenarios.

Exploring the Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool and Lower Extremity Functional Scale in a Proximal Hamstring Avulsion Cohort: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: The goal of treatment for a proximal hamstring avulsion (PHA) is an objectively restored muscle and a subjectively satisfied, pain-free patient at follow-up. Different self-reported and performance-based outcome measures have been used to evaluate recovery, but their validity is poorly investigated. Purpose: To investigate 1) the correlation between the commonly used self-reported outcome measurements, the Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool (PHAT) and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS); 2) to what extent these scores can be explained by physical dysfunction as measured by performance-based tests; 3) whether performance-based tests can discriminate between the injured and uninjured extremity; and 4) which activity limitations are perceived by patients several years after the injury. Study design: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We included a consecutive series of patients treated for or diagnosed with PHA in our department between 2007 and 2016 having at least 2 tendons avulsed from the ischial tuberosity. Participants attended 2 study visits, answered questionnaires (PHAT, LEFS, and Patient-Specific Functional Scale [PSFS]), and performed physical performance–based tests (single-leg hop tests, single–step down test, and isometric and isokinetic strength tests). Results: A total of 50 patients were included (26 men [52%], 24 women [48%]; mean age, 50.9 years [SD, 9.8 years]). The mean follow-up time was 5.5 years (SD, 2.7 years), and 74% had been surgically treated. The correlation between PHAT and LEFS was strong ( r = 0.832) and statistically significant ( P < .001). Seven of the performance-based tests exhibited a statistically significant but weak correlation with LEFS (0.340-0.488) and 3 of the tests to PHAT (–0.304 to 0.406). However, only peak torque could significantly discriminate between the extremities. The activity limitation most commonly mentioned in PSFS was running (16 patients [32%]). Conclusion: Although PHAT and LEFS correlated strongly, the correlations between functional tests and the patient-reported outcome scores were weak, and most functional tests failed to discriminate between the injured and uninjured lower extremity in patients with PHA 5 years after injury. In general, patients alleged few activity limitations, but running difficulty was a common sequela after PHA.

Effect of Discharge Plan on Outcomes of Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery

Context: Discharge planning for patients undergoing lumbar disc herniation surgery is considered a strategy for promoting their home and community outcomes. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the discharge plan's effect on patients' outcomes with lumbar disc herniation surgery. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was utilized to conduct this study. The study was conducted in the neurosurgical ward at El-Demerdash hospital and outpatient clinic at Ain Shams University Hospital, affiliated to Ain Shams University. A purposive sample of 60 patients with lumbar disc herniation surgery was selected according to specific inclusion criteria. The sample size was determined statistically by power analysis considering the total number of patients with lumbar disc herniation surgery in El Demerdash hospital (2016). Tools of the study included patients’ interviewing questionnaire regarding patients’ demographic characteristics, assessment of patients' knowledge, and patients' outcomes assessment tools that include Oswestry disability index, the lower extremity functional scale, and the social dysfunction scale and SF36 to assess psychological outcome. Results: The present study revealed that the mean age of the patients under study was 39.58±8.69, 60% of them were females, and there was a highly statistically significant difference among patients under study throughout discharge planning phases regarding their knowledge, their level of disability, their lower extremity functional scale, total social dysfunction, and total psychological outcomes pre and at follow-up. There were statistically significant relations between patients' level of knowledge and their outcome pre and three months after implementing the discharge plan. Conclusion: Application of discharge planning regarding lumbar disc herniation surgery improved patients' outcomes. The discharge plan should be available in the neurosurgical department and clinic for all patients who will be undergoing lumbar disc herniation surgery should be updated periodically.

Effectiveness of Tele-Prescription of Therapeutic Physical Exercise in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The health crisis caused by COVID-19 has had a huge impact on the provision of physiotherapists’ services during the pandemic. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a major health problem and one of the most common causes of pain in the front of the knee in outpatients. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a therapeutic physical exercise (TPE) program supervised by a physiotherapist using telematic channels in reducing pain and disability in a sample of 54 patients with PFPS in the Physiotherapy Service of the San José de la Rinconada Health Center (Seville). Subjects were evaluated pre- and post-intervention (4 weeks—12 treatment sessions). An analysis was made of perceived pain—using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the DN4 neuropathic pain questionnaire—and functional balance—through the Kujala Score test and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. The supervised TPE program in patients with PFPS produced a reduction in pain: VAS F1, 52 = 8.68 (p = 0.005) η2 = 0.14 and DN4: F1, 52 = 69.94 (p = 0.000) η2 = 0.57; and in Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) disability: F1, 52 = 19.1 (p = 0.000) η2 = 0.27 and KUJALA: F1, 52 = 60.28 (p = 0.000) η2 = 0.54, which was statistically significant (p = 0.000 for p < 0.05). Hence, the TPE program presented was effective in reducing pain and disability in patients with PFPS.