Circulating Exosomal miR-1290 for Diagnosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

The aim of the study was to develop a new diagnostic biomarker for identifying serum exosomal miRNAs specific to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and to find out target gene of the miRNA for exploring the molecular mechanisms in EOC. A total of 84 cases of ovarian masses and sera were enrolled, comprising EOC (n = 71), benign ovarian neoplasms (n = 13). We detected expression of candidate miRNAs in the serum and tissue of both benign ovarian neoplasm group and EOC group using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry were constructed using formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue to detect expression level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 (SOCS4). In the EOC group, miRNA-1290 was significantly overexpressed in serum exosomes and tissues as compared to benign ovarian neoplasm group (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05). We observed area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for miR-1290, using a cut-off of 0.73, the exosomal miR-1290 from serum had AUC, sensitivity, and specificity values of 0.794, 69.2 and 87.3, respectively. In immunohistochemical study, expression of SOCS4 in EOC was lower than that in benign ovarian neoplasm. Serum exosomal miR-1290 could be considered as a biomarker for differential diagnosis of EOC from benign ovarian neoplasm and SOCS4 might be potential target gene of miR-1290 in EOC.

Evaluating intraoperative cytology with histopathology diagnosis and its importance in ovarian tumors

Background: Touch/ imprint cytology has been utilized for intraoperative evaluations of tumors to complement frozen sections in order to reach diagnosis prior to histopathology diagnosis. The main aim of this study is to find role of touch imprint in determining histopathology diagnosis of ovarian neoplasm. Materials and Methods: All together one hundred three cases were evaluated using both touch/imprint and histopathology diagnosis. The histopathology diagnoses consisted of Benign (n=85), borderline (n=4), and malignant (n=12). Touch imprint cytology consists of Negative for malignancy (n=90), Positive for malignancy (n=11) and inadequate (n=2). Inadequate smear was excluded from the study. Results: Both touch / imprint cytology were able to diagnose benign and malignant ovarian neoplasm. Out of 103 cases, in cytology showed 89.1% patients were negative and 10.9% patients were positive. Histopathology shows 84.2% of benign ovarian neoplasm, 3.9% borderline neoplasm and 11.9% of malignant. Diagnostic accuracy of touch/ imprint was 99% with sensitivity 100% and specificity was 91.67%. Positive predictive value was 98.89% and negative predictive value was 100%. Conclusion: Touch/ imprint cytology examination is simple, rapid and useful test in evaluation of ovarian neoplasms. It plays very important role in preliminary intraoperative diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms.

Collision Glial Neoplasms Arising in an Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma: A Rare Event

Germ cell neoplasms represent around 20% of all ovarian tumors. They most frequently affect children and young adults. Mature cystic teratoma is a common benign ovarian neoplasm comprising about 95% and is made up of all three germ cell embryonic layers. By definition, mature cystic teratoma may be derived from any of the three germ cell lines. On the other hand, immature teratomas contain primitive neuroepithelial elements. However, it is quite uncommon in the English literature to have a neuroepithelial glial neoplasm arising in a mature cystic teratoma of an adolescent. Interestingly enough, all published cases described a single type of glial neoplasm arising in mature ovarian teratoma. Herein, the authors discuss a unique case of concomitant occurrence of two different glial neoplasms, namely pilocytic astrocytoma and subependymoma arising in an ovarian mature cystic teratoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case with such a distinctive histopathologic finding.

Signet Ring Stromal Cell Tumor: A Legitimate (Benign) Mimic of Krukenberg Tumor

Signet ring stromal cell tumor is a rare, benign ovarian neoplasm thought to arise from ovarian stromal cells. The pathophysiology of these tumors is poorly understood. They present in women in a wide age range, often with nonspecific symptoms including lower abdominal or pelvic pain. Their morphologic appearance raises a critical differential diagnosis of Krukenberg tumor, an aggressive malignancy with significant implications for patient management. For this reason, it is important for the pathologist to be aware of signet ring stromal cell tumor and its differentiating features, including useful histochemical and immunohistochemical ancillary tests. These tumors are curable with surgical excision, and there have been no recurrences or metastases among reported cases.

Huge Benign Ovarian Cystic Teratoma in a Patient with a History of Hansen’s Disease

Mature ovarian cystic teratomas are common benign ovarian neoplasm derived from germ cells. With increasing availability of ultrasound services even in developing countries, the diagnosis of benign ovarian tumour is made earlier and the size of the ovarian tumour at diagnosis is relatively small. It is unusual to find an ovarian cystic teratoma larger than 10 cm. We report a huge mature ovarian cystic teratoma in a multipara with a history of Hansen’s disease. We conclude that, in circumstances where women have restricted access to health care, the unusual finding of mature ovarian cystic teratoma larger than 10 cm is possible due to delayed presentation for diagnosis and treatment.