Comparison of the visual texture calculation methods by image analysis, applied to mirror and scaled carp skin

Regions of interest (ROI) representative of the visual texture of images of mirror carp Cyprinus carpio carpio and scaled carp Cyprinus carpio were taken. Red, green, blue and grayscale (R, G, B, GS) histograms of these ROI were calculated. The following methods of visual texture calculations were performed on the ROIs: 1) image energy based on histograms, 2) image entropy based on histograms, 3) image energy based on co-occurrence matrices, 4) image entropy based on co-occurrence matrices, 5) texture based on fractal dimensions, 6) texture based on texture primitives method. Calculations were performed for color and grayscale images. The identification of the smoothest and roughest ROIs depended on the method used. The largest range between the minimum and maximum values was found in the co-occurrence matrix-based entropy calculation. A close second was the texture change index (TCI) method.

Genetic structure of the carp population (Cyprinus carpio carpio) grown in the aquaculture in the Republic of Belarus

In this study, we presented a panel of 14 microsatellite loci (MFW1, MFW2, MFW6, MFW9, MFW10, MFW11, MFW13, MFW16, MFW20, MFW24, MFW26, MFW28, MFW29 and Cid0909), with which we studied the genetic structure of Cyprinus carpio carpio of the breed “Izobelinsky” in the Republic of Belarus. Four offshoots of carp were included in the study: two mirrory (“Smes’ zerkal’naya”, “Tri prim”) and two scaly (“Smes’ cheshujchataya”, “Stolin XVIII”).As a result, it was found that the carp breed “Izobelinsky” exhibits a high level of in-breed genetic variability. In the studied microsatellite loci, 231 alleles were identified, 62 % of the total number of alleles were rare alleles with a frequency of occurrence of less than 5.0 %. The number of effective alleles (Ne) at the loci ranged from 3.082 (MFW10) to 9.754 (MFW26). The Shannon biodiversity index (I) was 2.082 ± 0.075. The highest value of the expected heterozygosity index (He) was noted for the MFW26 locus (0.897), the lowest – for the MFW10 locus (0.676).The greatest genetic diversity is characteristic of the scaly carp “Smes’ cheshujchataya” and “Stolin XVIII”. The highest total percentage of rare alleles was determined for fishes from “Stolin XVIII”. The minimum values of this parameter were found for specimens of the carp “Smes’ zerkal’naya” and “Tri prim”.The results of this study indicate a fairly high genetic diversity of four offshoots of the carp breed “Izobelinsky”, which was established using the marker loci optimally selected for analysis. This makes it possible to differentiate the layering among themselves.

Comparative Morphology and Morphometry of Blood Cells in Zebrafish (Danio rerio), Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio), and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Several diagnostic tools are available for veterinarians and fish health professionals to evaluate fish health and their abnormalities. However, reference data regarding the character and size of fish blood cells are limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphology and morphometry of normal blood cells in zebrafish (Danio rerio), common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio), and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). To get a representative sample, we took blood from ten 6-mo old healthy fish from each species. Fish were purchased from an ornamental fish market and the local government fish breeding center in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 100 erythrocytes and a maximum of 30 leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) were randomly sampled and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, including morphometric analysis of both the long axis (LA) and short axis (SA) of these cells. All data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA statistical tests to compare the blood cells in each species with SPSS software. The findings revealed distinct differences in both morphology and morphometry of the blood cells among the species. Basic knowledge obtained from this research will aid in the development of biomarkers and other ancillary diagnostic tools for further hematology research, conservation, and clinical diagnosis in these 3 fish species.

MONITORING RESULTS OF SAZAN (CYPRINUS CARPIO CARPIO LINNAEUS, 1758) POPULATION IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE TAGANROG BAY AND THE DON RIVER DELTA

The materials for 2003-2018 on the biological state of sazan of the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay and the Don River delta were summarized. It has been shown that the catches of sazan in the study area consisted of more than half of the fish of younger age groups, the length of which was less than the commercial measure. The ratio of linear and weight growth of sazan is shifting towards a decrease in the mass of one-dimensional specimen, which is indirect evidence of the deterioration of the natural living conditions of semi-migratory fish. In 2019, the carp parasite fauna was represented by 7 species related to monogenes - 2 species, cestodes - 3 species, nematodes - 1 species, crustaceans - 1. The state of the sazan population needs further research.

Assessment of vitamin compositions and cholesterol levels of carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) caviars

In this study, roes obtained from carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) that were caught from Keban Dam Lake (Elazığ) and the cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were processed as caviar and compositions of proximate and vitamins, cholesterol levels were determined in the products. In the research, roes obtained from mature fish were processed under aseptic conditions by suitable procedures for different fish species. The obtained caviars were weighed as 75 grams and filled in 200 ml capped glass jar and stored in +4 ºC for 28 days. As a result of the analysis in the study, the amount of dry matter was determined to be 35.94% in roes obtained from rainbow trout and 31.28% in roes obtained from carp. The average protein content in raw roe obtained from rainbow trout was determined to be 24.32%, it was determined to be 18.25 % in carp. In this study, the fat content in roes obtained from rainbow trout was determined to be 9.14%, but it did not show much change during processing and it was determined to be 8.84% in the end product. During the production and storage of the caviar produced from rainbow trout and carp, the fat-soluble vitamin composition and cholesterol levels were determined. During the study, it was found that the amounts of vitamin A between rainbow trout and carp caviars were significantly different (p <0.001). Vitamins D and K were not detected in the caviar samples. As a result of analyzes, cholesterol levels were determined 73.76 mg/100 g in rainbow trout roe and 10.82 mg/100 g in carp roe and it was observed that these values were not changed significantly during the processing and storage periods (on 0th, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days ).

Tingkat Kejadian Aeromonasis Pada Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio carpio) Yang Terinfeksi Myxobolus koi Pada Derajat Infeksi Yang Berbeda [ Aeromonasis Incidence Rate In Koi (Cyprinus carpio carpio) That Infected Myxobolus koi At Different Degrees Of Infection ]

Myxobolus infection in koi fish allows followed by opportunistic microorganisms infection. Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria classified as opportunistic because it can cause illness in certain condition such as when environmental conditions change, stress and the condition of the host that has been infected by the parasite. This study purpose to determine the incidence rate Aeromonasis in koi (Cyprinus carpio carpio) infected Myxobolus koi at different degrees of infection. The results showed that of 120 samples taken, infected with M. koi in a mild degree of infection is 68.3%. Furthermore the medium infection is 22.5%, 1.7% severe infection and uninfected fish 7.5%. Each level of infection of M. koi taken samples for examination bacteria with skin samples and water. The results of bacterial examination showed that 17 positive samples of fish infected with A. hydrophila (85%) from 20 fish sample. 17 positive samples of fish infected with A. hydrophila consist of 3 sample normal fish, 7 sample M. koi mild infection, 6 sample M. koi medium infection and 1 sample severe infection. The results showed that the fish infected or not infected with M. koi, positive with A. hydrophila infection that needs to be done by using a bacterial colony calculation method of determining the Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) or Total Plate Count (TPC). The calculation results from the number of bacterial colony in various levels of infection of M. koi are sample 1 (normal koi fish) of 1.15 x108 CFU/ml, sample 2 (koi fish with a mild infection of M. koi) as much as 1.3 x108 CFU/ml. While the sample 3 (koi fish with a medium infection of M. koi) 2.02 x108 CFU/ml and sample 4 (with the severe infection of M. koi) 2.60 x108 CFU/ml.

The applicability of 10 ml cryotubes for sperm cryopreservation in a Hungarian carp landrace (Cyprinus carpio carpio morpha accuminatus)

In our study, the comparison of 5 ml straw and 10 ml cryotube during sperm cryopreservation in a Hungarian carp landrace (Cyprinus carpio carpio morpha accuminatus) was carried out. Three different dilution ratios (1:1, 1:4 and 1:9) were also tested using the cryotube. A significantly higher pMOT was recorded using the cryotube in comparison with the straw. VCL and STR were similar in both groups. Cryopreservation had a negative effect on pMOT and VCl using the cryotube and also the straw where, STR was not reduced significantly. An increasing tendency was observed using higher dilution of sperm during cryopreservation; however, significant difference was not recorded between the three groups. VCL and STR were similar in all groups. Cryotube was applicable for the sperm cryopreservation of the Hungarian carp landrace. However, the standardization for the freezing method specified for this volume is recommended. The different dilution ratios needed be tested also during fertilization.