Recent Shift in the State of the Western Pacific Subtropical High due to ENSO Change

The boreal summer western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) exhibits a remarkable decadal shift in its spatial pattern and periodicity around the late 1990s. In the former period, the WPSH is primarily characterized by a large-scale uniform pattern over Asia and its surrounding area with an oscillating period of ~4–5 yr. However, the WPSH-related atmospheric circulations shift to a dipole structure and oscillate at ~2–3 yr in the recent period. We found that this decadal shift is largely contributed by the ENSO regime change. During the former period, the tropical Pacific was dominated by the conventional eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with an oscillating period of ~4–5 yr. Strong anticyclone anomalies usually are maintained over the western North Pacific (WNP) during the EP El Niño decaying summer, accounting for most of the WPSH temporal and spatial variability. In contrast, the recent period features much more frequent occurrence of central Pacific (CP) El Niño events in the tropical Pacific with a ~2–3-yr oscillating period. A dipole structure in the WNP and Indian Ocean is evident during both developing and decaying summers of CP El Niño, consistent with the WPSH leading mode after the late 1990s. The results have important implications for seasonal prediction of the WPSH and associated Asian summer climate anomalies.

Temperature effect on strong coupling polaron in a parabolic quantum wire in finite well

The ground state energy E0, first excited state energy E1, excitation energy ΔE and oscillating period t of the polaron are calculated by using the linear combination operator and the unitary transformation methods. The variation of the above quantities with the temperature T and the potential well width L, we found that E0, E1 and ΔE all increase with increasing T and decrease with increasing L, but t changes with T and L in the opposite.

Determination of europium by using the chemical oscillating system of Ce(IV)-KBrO3-acetone-oxalic acid-H2SO4

A sensitive and convenient method for the determination of trace europium ions using an oscillating chemical reaction involving Ce(IV) - KBrO3 - acetone - oxalic acid - H2SO4 was proposed. The results indicated that the changes in oscillating period (T) was linearly proportional to the negative logarithmic concentration of Eu3+ (-log C) in the range of 1.41 × 10−8 ˜ 1.41 × 10−4 mol L−1 (r = 0.9982) with a detection limit of 1.04 × 10−9 mol L−1. The recoveries were limited to the range of 99.5% to 100.8%. Under the same conditions, other rare earth ions did not interfere with the determination of Eu3+. In addition, a perturbation mechanism was also discussed briefly.

Mechanical Behavior during Self-Oscillating of NIPAAm-Co-(Ru(bpy)3 Gel

Self-oscillating gel is designed by copolymerizing the catalyst for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction with thermosensitive polymer. The cylindrical-shaped specimens of NIPAAm-co-(Ru(bpy)3 gel were prepared by copolymerizing (Ru(bpy)3) monomer as catalyst with NIPAAm as thermosensitive polymer. Swelling behavior during self-oscillating of gel by BZ reaction was observed using CCD camera and the force due to this reaction was evaluated using semiconductor gauge. Self-oscillating swelling-deswelling behavior in samples with different swelling ratio was evaluated by this apparatus, and mechanical parameters such as Young’s modulus, stress amplitude and oscillating period were quantitatively estimated.

Determination of sulfanilamide based on the Mn(II)-catalyzed oscillating chemical reaction

A convenient and sensitive method for determination of sulfanilamide (SNA) was described based on the Mn(II)-catalyzed oscillating chemical reaction. Under optimum conditions, a linear relationship existed between the changes of oscillating period or amplitude and the negative of logarithm of SNA concentration in the range of 4.27 × 10−8 mol ·L−1 ∼ 7.41 × 10−6 mol ·L−1 (RSD, 0.85%) and 9.33 × 10−8 mol ·L−1 ∼ 3.02 × 10−6 mol ·L−1 (RSD, 1.08%), respectively. The lower limit of detection was found to be 2.69 × 10−8 mol ·L−1 and 6.03 × 10−8 mol ·L−1, respectively.

Muscular Contraction following rapid Electrical Stimulation of Central Nervous System

(Abstract)Kronecker, Hall, Schäfer, Horsley, and others have found, when stimulating the spinal cord with rapid induced currents (ten, twenty, thirty, forty times per second), that the muscles always responded by giving a curve showing oscillations of one invariable period, no matter what the period of the stimulation may have been. With rapid stimulation, the muscles in the hands of the first named observers gave oscillations of twenty a second, in the hands of the latter observers of ten a second. These results are to be explained in the following way. When the central nervous system is stimulated, the muscles contract but never smoothly, for local fascicular movement, as the author has elsewhere shown, always occurring. These cause the registering apparatus to oscillate at its own period, just as any swinging body may be kept in motion by occasional disturbances. We can thus explain how each observer obtained the same number of oscillations every time he stimulated the nervous system; it was because he used the same recording apparatus each time. We can also see that the different periods observed by different observers are due to the fact that they each used a different recording apparatus. The author finds that on changing the recording apparatus (lever or tambour) the tracing obtained can be changed at will, and is practically a tracing of the oscillating period of the instrument used.