Social Media Marketing in Practice of Polish Nationwide Catholic Opinion-Forming Weeklies. Case of Instagram and YouTube

This article, as the fourth in the cycle, presents the conclusions of the research project analysing marketing activities of Polish Catholic opinion-forming weeklies on the chosen social media platforms. This paper aims at presenting the results of the study on the use of Instagram and YouTube as marketing tools by the aforementioned weeklies. The authors focus on such topics as: (1) social media as a way of creating and distributing media products; (2) social media as a way of commercialising the content; (3) social media as carriers of marketing communication (including self-promotion). The empirical research is based on case studies and the content analysis of the social media profiles of the five selected magazines (Gość Niedzielny (GN), Tygodnik Katolicki Niedziela (TKN), Przewodnik Katolicki (PK), Idziemy (I) and Tygodnik Rodzin Katolickich Źródło (TRKŹ)). It can be concluded that some Catholic weeklies manage their accounts in a moderately professional way, using their visual and distribution potential and some functions of the platforms quite efficiently. On the other hand, they do not apply a regular and purposeful self-promotion strategy, do not use important mechanisms of the platforms such as the Shop and IGTV (on Instagram), and do not consistently build a profile or create playlists on YouTube.

I’TIBĀR AL MA'ALAT PRINCIPLES IN MUI FATWA NUMBER 14 OF 2020 CONCERNING ORGANIZATIONS OF WORSHIP IN SITUATIONS OF THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK

This study aims at examining the use the principle of i`tibar al ma'alat in the MUI fatwa number 14 of 2020 concerning the organization of worship in situations of the Covid-19 outbreak. MUI fatwa number 14 of 2020 forced most Muslims in Indonesia to worship out of the box. the results of the study it was found that the MUI in issuing fatwa number 14 of 2020 had considered the principle of i'tibar al ma'alat, the prohibition of worshiping in congregation in areas with high distribution potential was determined in order to anticipate the spread of the Covid-19 outbreak. However, the MUI does not generalize all regions, this is also done based on the principle of i'tibar al ma'alat to avoid the practice of tafrith to religious orders in the midst of society

The Modeling of Leachate Distribution Potential in Rasau Jaya Landfill

Rasau Jaya landfill applies an open dumping system. That system results in leachate that potential to cause environmental pollution. One of the efforts that can anticipate this problem is modeling the leachate distribution patterns. This study aimed to model the potential of leachate distribution below the surface both vertically and horizontally. The using method in this study to model leachate distribution patterns is the Wenner configuration geoelectric method. Results showed that the indicated leachate spread 30 m to the northeast and 30-40 m to the southwest. The most in-depth indication of leachate distribution is up to a depth of 20.3 m

Who are the champions? Inequality, economic freedom and the Olympics

Does inequality affect outcomes? To answer, we use the microcosm of Olympic competitions by asking whether a country's level of inequality diminishes its performance. If it does, is it conditional on institutional factors? We argue that the ability of economically free societies to win medals will not be affected by inequality. In these societies, institutions generate incentives to invest in the talents of individuals at the bottom of the income distribution (potential athletes otherwise constrained in the ability to expend resources on training). These effects mitigate those of inequality. The incentives that promote investments in skills across the income distribution are weaker in unfree societies and they cannot mitigate the effects of inequality. Using the Olympics of 2016 in combination with the Economic Freedom data, we find that inequality only matters in determining medal numbers for unfree countries. We link these results to inequality and its effects on economic outcomes.