Electrospun Nanofibers for Scheming Water Pollution

2022 ◽  
pp. 284-308
Author(s):  
M. Shamshi Haasan ◽  
Ali Q. Alorabi ◽  
Touseef Amna
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Improve Water Quality ◽  
Exponential Population Growth ◽  
Water Borne

Water pollution is one of the key global problems which require immediate attention. Worldwide, it is predicted that more than 50% of countries will encounter water scarcities by 2025 which will increase to 75% by 2075. Each year more than 5 million people die due to water-borne diseases. The threat due to pollution by industries, exponential population growth, urbanization, by pathogenic microorganisms from human and animal waste, etc. The rise in water pollution and its subsequent effects on human health and environment is a matter of great concern. The water pollutants ought to be removed to improve water quality for human use. Nanoparticles or zero dimensional materials have been extensively studied since long, whereas one dimensional material (nanorods, nanotubes, nanowires, or nanofibers) have recently grabbed a lot of interest from global researchers. Nanofibers having large aspect ratio are grabbing incredible attention owing to dependency of physical property on directionality having high porosity and surface area as compared to normal fibers.

scholarly journals Reasons and consequences of river water pollution and their remediation: In context of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 023-024
Author(s):  
Jyoti Das ◽  
Nanda Karmaker ◽  
Ruhul A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Water Borne ◽  
River Water Pollution

As the population grows and the uncontrolled industrialization, urbanization rises as well, it is high time we should give proper attention to the fact of river pollution in our country which is deploying harmful impacts both on human health and environmental, aquatic ecosystem. A plethora of studies have been done on different aspects of river water pollution. In this paper a thorough discussion regarding this fact has been presented compiling a number of important studies on it. Major causes behind this pollution have been mentioned widely, like improper management of industrial and sewage effluents. However, to detect this contamination in the major rivers of Bangladesh, various studies have been done to see the physicochemical properties of the water, such as pH, turbidity, color, odor, DO, TOD, COD, TSS, EC, dissolved metal, and other chemical and bacteriological substances etc. The microorganisms within the water are the prime sources to cause different water borne diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Scabies and Asthma. To find out the remedies to this problem, urgent emphasis should be given on preventive measures and to take appropriate steps to halt and improve the existing pollution of the rivers. A lot of water treatment systems are being practiced throughout the world to restore the health of the rivers as well as to reuse the waste water. Though the systems are not much popular in Bangladesh, the government should facilitates the practice of them extensively and strengthen the laws against environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Drug Delivery Applications of Core-Sheath Nanofibers Prepared by Coaxial Electrospinning: A Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishweshwar Pant ◽  
Mira Park ◽  
Soo-Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Coaxial Electrospinning ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Nanofiber Membrane ◽  
Initial Burst ◽  
Initial Burst Release ◽  
Small Pore ◽  
Drug Delivery Applications

Electrospinning has emerged as one of the potential techniques for producing nanofibers. The use of electrospun nanofibers in drug delivery has increased rapidly over recent years due to their valuable properties, which include a large surface area, high porosity, small pore size, superior mechanical properties, and ease of surface modification. A drug loaded nanofiber membrane can be prepared via electrospinning using a model drug and polymer solution; however, the release of the drug from the nanofiber membrane in a safe and controlled way is challenging as a result of the initial burst release. Employing a core-sheath design provides a promising solution for controlling the initial burst release. Numerous studies have reported on the preparation of core-sheath nanofibers by coaxial electrospinning for drug delivery applications. This paper summarizes the physical phenomena, the effects of various parameters in coaxial electrospinning, and the usefulness of core-sheath nanofibers in drug delivery. Furthermore, this report also highlights the future challenges involved in utilizing core-sheath nanofibers for drug delivery applications.

Joint inversion of potential-fields data over the DO-27 kimberlite pipe using a Gaussian mixture model prior

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. SS47-SS62
Author(s):  
Thibaut Astic ◽  
Dominique Fournier ◽  
Douglas W. Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Mixture Model ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Kimberlite Pipe ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Rock Types

We have carried out petrophysically and geologically guided inversions (PGIs) to jointly invert airborne and ground-based gravity data and airborne magnetic data to recover a quasi-geology model of the DO-27 kimberlite pipe in the Tli Kwi Cho (also referred to as TKC) cluster. DO-27 is composed of three main kimberlite rock types in contact with each other and embedded in a granitic host rock covered by a thin layer of glacial till. The pyroclastic kimberlite (PK), which is diamondiferous, and the volcanoclastic kimberlite (VK) have anomalously low density, due to their high porosity, and weak magnetic susceptibility. They are indistinguishable from each other based upon their potential-field responses. The hypabyssal kimberlite (HK), which is not diamondiferous, has been identified as highly magnetic and remanent. Quantitative petrophysical signatures for each rock unit are obtained from sample measurements, such as the increasing density of the PK/VK unit with depth and the remanent magnetization of the HK unit, and are represented as a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). This GMM guides the PGI toward generating a 3D quasi-geology model with physical properties that satisfies the geophysical data sets and the petrophysical signatures. Density and magnetization models recovered individually yield volumes that have physical property combinations that do not conform to any known petrophysical characteristics of the rocks in the area. A multiphysics PGI addresses this problem by using the GMM as a coupling term, but it puts a volume of the PK/VK unit at a location that is incompatible with geologic information from drillholes. To conform to that geologic knowledge, a fourth unit is introduced, PK-minor, which is petrophysically and geographically distinct from the main PK/VK unit. This inversion produces a quasi-geology model that presents good structural locations of the diamondiferous PK unit and can be used to provide a resource estimate or decide the locations of future drillholes.

Reservoir Physical Property and Controlling Factors for the Lower Youshashan Formation in Youshashan-Dawusi Area, Southwestern Qaidam Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1363-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Min Chen ◽  
Quan Wen Liu ◽  
Min Quan Xia ◽  
Xiang Sheng Bao
Keyword(s):  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

The core data, casting thin sections and scanning electron microscopy are used to study the clastic reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of reservoir growth. It indicated that the main reservoir rock types are lithic arkose, Feld spathic sandstone, and a small amount of feldspar lithic sandstone, and with compositional maturity and low to middle structural maturity. Moreover, the primary reservoir space types are mainly intergranular pores, secondary are secondary pores, and reservoir types belong to the medium-high porosity and permeability, and the average porosity and permeability of lower Youshashan formation are 17.70% and 112.5×10-3μm2 separately. Furthermore, the reservoir body is mainly sand body result from deposits of distributary channel and mouth bar of which belong to the braided delta front, and the planar physical property tends to be better reservoir to worse reservoir from northwest to southeast. Finally, mainly factors to control the distribution of reservoir physical property, are the sedimentary environment and lithology, were worked out.

Assessing fecal coliform fate and transport in a coastal watershed using HSPF

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1096-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenya Rolle ◽  
Margaret W. Gitau ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Ashvini Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Hydrologic Simulation ◽  
Coastal Watershed ◽  
Coastal Watersheds ◽  
Bacterial Indicator ◽  
Contaminant Sources ◽  
Forested Areas

There is increasing concern regarding spread and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms in watersheds and their impacts on water quality. In agricultural and rural watersheds fecal coliform occurrence, an indicator of pathogenic contamination, is often thought to be a result of land applications of animal waste. This study used the Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) along with the Bacterial Indicator Tool to model fecal coliform transport in a coastal watershed with a view to identifying contaminant sources and key contributing areas. Results indicated that the highest levels of fecal coliform contamination (often exceeding the 400 counts/100 ml standard for the area) emanated from areas with and without livestock operations, and from largely forested areas, indicating that livestock operations were not the determining source of fecal coliform as suggested in previous studies. This study found HSPF to be an effective tool for identifying key coliform contributing areas in coastal watersheds.

Developing an acidproof breathable composite fabric based on fluorinated polyurethane/isotropic pitch electrospun nanofibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-905
Author(s):  
Yiqing Shao ◽  
Qingle Zhang ◽  
Jianjian Gong ◽  
Xin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Fluorinated Polyurethane ◽  
Composite Fabrics

To develop a series of novel acidproof and breathable fabric, electrospun fluorinated polyurethane/polyurethane and pitch nanofibers were directly deposited on polyester/cotton blended fabric. The layered and interpenetrated structured membranes were built to study the effects of different structures on the acidproof and breathable performances. The acidproof and breathable mechanism of different structured composite fabrics had been evaluated via emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, porosity, pore size, comfort and mechanical test, respectively. The results showed that the layered structured composite fabric had advantages in acidproof property, i.e. the acid (H2SO4, 80%) contact angle was 130° due to the low surface energy caused by the high fluorine content (36.96%). Meanwhile, such structured composite fabric provided double protection, which made the acid-resistance pressure to reach a high value of 1050 Pa, while the interpenetrated structured composite fabric showed superior comfort and mechanical properties. Due to the high porosity (88.01%), the water vapor transport rate and air permeability were 7554.14 g/m2·24h and 46.33 mm/s, respectively. Due to the relative slip of fluorinated polyurethane/polyurethane fibers was restricted, the tensile strength and bursting strength of interpenetrated one was 1315 N and 795 N, which were higher than layered one.

BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2030001
Author(s):  
ZHANG YANCONG ◽  
DOU LINBO ◽  
MA NING ◽  
WU FUHUA ◽  
NIU JINCHENG
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Nanofiber Diameter ◽  
Surface Microscopy ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Electrospun technology is a simple and flexible method for preparation of nanofiber materials with unique physical and chemical properties. The nanofiber diameter is adjustable from several nanometers to few microns during the preparation. Electrospun nanofiber materials are easy to be assembled into different shapes of three-dimensional structures. These materials exhibit high porosity and surface area and can simulate the network structures of collagen fibers in a natural extracellular matrix, thereby providing a growth microenvironment for tissue cells. Electrospun nanofibers therefore have extensive application prospects in the biomedicine field, including in aerospace, filtration, biomedical applications, and biotechnology. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize many fields, such as surface microscopy, silicon fabrication, biochemistry, molecular biology, physical chemistry, and computational engineering, while the advent of nanofibers has increased the understanding of nanotechnology among academia, industry, and the general public. This paper mainly introduces the application of nanofiber materials in tissue engineering, drug release, wound dressing, and other biomedicine fields.

Relationship between rock physical properties and spectral mineralogy applied to exploration for an unconformity-related uranium deposit (Saskatchewan, Canada)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1349-1364
Author(s):  
Arthur Menier ◽  
Régis Roy ◽  
Grant Harrison ◽  
Ryan W. Zerff ◽  
Dwayne Kinar
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Uranium Deposits ◽  
Athabasca Basin ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Alteration Processes

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been used to characterize clay and clay-sized minerals present in drill cores that are associated with unconformity-related uranium deposits. Physical properties have been measured on samples to gain empirical data about the rock types and associated relationships with geophysical survey data. These data can be used to build three-dimensional geological models and constrain geophysical inversions. The objective of this study is to verify whether a relationship exists between rock physical properties and IR spectral mineralogy. Physical properties were measured on 427 core samples collected from the Martin Lake project, which is located in the southeastern Athabasca Basin (Saskatchewan, Canada). Results indicate that resistivity, density, and porosity are correlated to each other, especially within basement units. A comparison of their distribution with the IR spectral mineralogy demonstrates a relationship for each altered and unaltered samples. The samples with low resistivity and density, and high porosity are characterized by the presence of a di-trioctahedral (Al–Mg) chlorite (sudoite) due to the hydrothermal alteration processes. The unaltered samples with higher resistivity and density, and low porosity contain a tri-octahedral (Fe–Mg) chlorite as a result of metamorphic processes. Eleven mineralogical classes can be established based on IR spectroscopy. A percentile-based approach has been proposed and tested to define physical property ranges for each of the classes to predict resistivity and density values downhole.

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