Corellation between mother's knowledge and husband's support for the success of the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)

HIGHLIGHTS 1. Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) is one of the natural contraception methods of postpartum women.2. Mothers' knowledge and husband's support for LAM contraceptive method was suggested to contribute to its success.3. Research and statistical instruments used found that the success of LAM contraceptive was related to mothers' knowledge, but not related to husband's support. ABSTRACTObjectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between mother's knowledge and husband's support for the success of LAM contraception in Brengkok Village, Brondong District, Lamongan Regency, East Java.Materials and Methods: This study is an analytic observational study with a sample of 46 mothers who gave exclusive breastfeeding to their babies who met the inclusion criteria. The research instrument used a questionnaire to determine the level of mother's knowledge and husband's support about exclusive breastfeeding. Spearman Rank Correlation Test was used for data analysis with a significance level of 0.05.Results: More than 50% of respondents (25 respondents) successfully used the LAM method to prevent pregnancy. Statistical test showed that there was a relationship between mother's knowledge and success of LAM contraception with p value (0.000), with a correlation coefficient of 0.523. Meanwhile, husband's support is not related to the success of LAM contraception with p value (0.461) with a correlation coefficient of 0.111.Conclusion: Mother's knowledge is related to the success of LAM contraception, and there is no relationship between husband's support and the success of LAM contraception.

Breastfeeding Knowledge and Behavior in Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) as a Natural Contraceptive

The lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is a natural contraceptive that is highly effective after the three essential criteria are fulfilled. However, there is a significantly low adoption resulting from poor knowledge and correct practices. This study aimed to determine the correlation between knowledge and behavior of breastfeeding mothers on breastfeeding as a natural contraceptive. This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design involving 89 breastfeeding mothers and was performed from January to March 2018. Furthermore, data were collected using a questionnaire, and the results showed knowledge of breastfeeding mothers to be good (59.6%) and not good (51.7%). However, the individual’s behavior towards the implementation of LAM was not good (48.3%) and good (40.4%). Based on the statistical test, there was a correlation between knowledge and behavior of breastfeeding mothers, with a p-value of 0.006 (OR = 3.463; 95% CI = 1.411 – 8.498). In brief, knowledge of LAM amongst the participants is good, despite the poor application in terms of behavior. Also, a relationship was also established between the knowledge and behavior of breastfeeding mothers as a natural contraceptive.

THE DESCRIPTION OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AS LACTATION AMENORRHEA METHOD CONTRACEPTION)

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding has benefits as a natural contraceptive method, the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM). The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in East Java Province in 2018 only reached 74.3% and coverage of active family planning was still at 75.3% (Health Office of East Java, 2018). The results of a preliminary study of 10 Children’s Health Specialist Doctor Education Program of Airlangga University showed exclusive breastfeeding, but only 20% managed to menstruate for more than 6 months. This study aims to determine the description of exclusive breastfeeding as LAM at Dr Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Method: This type of research uses a descriptive method to mix method research with survey analytic methods. The number of samples used was 16 people with simple random sampling technique. Results: PPDS who got LAM success during exclusive breastfeeding, by giving on demand and frequency more than 8 times was only 37.5%, while the remaining 62.5% PPDS failed to achieve LAM. The inhibiting factors are not being able to give immediately, time for pumping, and inadequate rest. The support received by PPDS is tolerance for pumping, high determination of exclusive breastfeeding, and family support. How to give breast milk is to breastfeed directly and by bottle. The reason for using the bottle is to work. The number of PPDS with amenorrhea duration 1-3 months was 7 people, and only 1 PPDS experienced amenorrhea for 12 months. Conclusion: Nearly half of PPDS have successfully used LAM as a contraceptive.

Failure of Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) in Yogyakarta

Background: The lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is modern contraceptives that rely on exclusive breastfeeding for six months without additional food or beverage. The mother is in a state of amenorrhea and delays arranging birth to a quality family. Aim: The study aimed to determine the cause of the failure of LAM. Method: Study design with the cross-sectional analytic survey, conducted on mothers who have babies 6-24 months of age as 79 respondents. The sampling technique using purposive sampling, data analysis chi-square, and logistic regression. Result: This study showed parity (OR = 4.861; 95% CI = 0.991 - 23.852), education (OR = 0.525; 95% CI 0.073 - 3.758), work (OR = 2.087; 95% CI = 0.241 - 18.064), knowledge (OR = 20.481; 95% CI = 2.459 – 170.608), additional contraception other than LAM (OR = 2.894; 95% CI = 0.365 – 22.965), menstruation before six months (OR = 10.265; 95% CI = 1.283 – 82.150), breast pump ( OR = 1.843; 95% CI = 0.189 – 17.990) and socio-economic (OR = 9.843; 95% CI = 1.029 – 94.134). Conclusion: In conclusion, all variables influenced LAM's failure, but the most influential was knowledge, menstruation before six months, and social-economic. Keyword: LAM, breastfeeding, failure

Role of peri-partum counselling in improving choice of postpartum contraception

Background: The choice of a contraceptive method is a complex decision. Health care providers have an important role in providing information and supporting patients' decision making about contraceptive choices through counselling. Non-use of contraceptive methods, use of less effective methods, and incorrect and inconsistent use of methods underlie the high frequency of unintended pregnancy. Prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken to study the role of peri-partum counselling in improving choice of postpartum contraception at Pravara Rural Hospital Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.Methods: Four hundred and fifty women in third trimester of pregnancy were individually counselled about the postpartum contraception, using educational material and pamphlets. The choice of postpartum contraception before and after the counselling was noted.Results: Among primi gravidas, the most favored choices for postpartum contraception before counselling were condom (25%) and lactational amenorrhea method (12%). In the same group of women, the post counselling choices were PPIUCD (45%), condom (17%) and interval IUCD (7%). Among multi-gravida, the most favored choices for postpartum contraception before counselling were postpartum tubal ligation (26%), condom (20%) and lactational amenorrhea method or calendar method (17%). In the same group of women, the post counselling choices were postpartum tubal ligation (32%) PPIUCD (12%), condom (8%).Conclusions: The study supports the usefulness of good quality counselling both with respect to the interpersonal relationship between the patient and the provider and quality of information that is provided during counselling. Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD), a long acting reversible contraceptive, will fulfil the felt need of postpartum contraception in near future.

A study on effectiveness of lactational amenorrhea as a method of contraception

Background: The lactational amenorrhea method, known as LAM, is part of the World Health Organization’s list of accepted and effective methods of family planning. Studies show LAM to be 98% effective, as effective as the pill and other modern methods, when used according to guidelines. As LAM costs nothing, easy and natural to use, no medication or any devise needed, no interference with natural hormones, no interruption in conjugal life and more over the mother enjoying her motherhood life, it sounds very good as a method of contraception.Methods:This is a prospective non-comparative study. A total of 298 mothers participated in this study. The benefits of exclusive breast feeding with particular emphasis on timely breastfeeding and must feeding during the night hours were explained to the mothers and the physiology of lactational amenorrhea was explained to them. All the mothers were interviewed and followed up on monthly basis. Results:No lactating mothers conceived within the first six months of delivering their baby and only 4% mothers had evidence of pregnancy mainly after the 10th months after delivery.Conclusions:The lactational amenorrhea method is a highly effective method of contraception for 6 months if exclusive breastfeeding practices are followed. In a country like India where use of contraceptive methods are very meager, LAM may prove a boon as it provides dual benefit of exclusive breastfeeding and prevention of pregnancy.