THE EXPERIENCE OF MIDWIVES WHO EXPERIENCED THE TRAUMATIC CHILDBIRTH

Background: The high rate of medicalization in a woman reduces her ability to give birth and negatively impacts labor. Negative birth emotion in a midwife affects the quality of care. METHOD: This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The sampling technique was purposive sampling consisting of 10 respondents based on inclusion and exclusion criteria setted by the researcher. Data was obtained by conducting in-depth interviews. Data was analysed by reducing data, presenting data, coding, categorizing, and drawing conclusions. RESULTS: Three themes that identified the causes of labor trauma to midwives in this study were complications, pain during labor and post sc, and the absence of a baby sitter. Besides being caused by having previous illnesses, providers who are impatient and prioritize their agendas cause women experience complications that make them traumatized. The attitude of providers and things around women can influence women's perceptions of women's pain. The absence of a baby sitter causes theintense stress for women during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Providers should have good effective communication skills and pay attention to women's mental readiness during pregnancy and birth. The government ensures that the services provided during childbirth focus on the needs of women so as to reduce the number of trauma.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING STYLE AND CHILDREN'S DEVELOPMENT AGED PRE-SCHOOL

Background: Development is related to the increase in the structure of bodily functions which Include tge ability of gross and fine motor skill, languange, and socializationand independence. One of the factors that influence a child's development is parenting, which is the pattern of interaction between parents and children. Early detection of development needs to be done in order to know deviations in development. Method: This research method used an observational analytic cross-sectional study design. The number of samples was 69 toddlers with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. The independent variable is parenting and the dependent variable is child development. The instruments used were parenting questionnaire and child development questionnaire, namely KPSP. Data analysis technique used was the spearman with α = 0.05 and the analysis of the closeness of the two relationships using correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that there were 33.3% of respondents with permissive parenting had developmental status in accordance with or normal with their age, parents with democratic parenting also had 53.7% of respondents whose development was in accordance with or normal with their age, while authoritarian parenting there are 40.0% of respondents who are appropriate or normal for their age. Spearmen test results are known for each parenting, namely permissive parenting with p value 0.928, democratic parenting with p value 0.023, and authoritarian parenting with p value 0.420. Conclusion: the data shows that there is a relationship between parenting and developmental patterns, those are democratic parenting and permissive parenting.Keywords: child development, parenting, toddlers

THE FACTORS OF KNOWLEDGE AND FAMILY’S SUPPORT WITH THE BEHAVIOR OF GENITAL HYGIENE

Background : Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. When girls experience menstruation, their reproductive organs are functioning properly, so it’s important to maintain the cleanliness of the genital organs to avoid reproductive health problems such as vaginal discharge. The case number of reproductive tract infection in East Java on 2006 was 86.5%. There are many factors that influence adolescents to behave in genital hygiene, including the level of knowledge and family support. The purpose of this study was to determine there was a relationship between the level of knowledge and family support with genital hygiene behavior in adolescent. Methods: This study uses a relationship research method with a cross sectional. Thisresearch place at SMPN 1 Jabon, Sidoarjo. The sample in this study amounted to 170 people using proportional random sampling. Collecting data using a questionnaire. Data analysis used chi-square correlation test and Spearman rank correlation test. Results: From the results of this study, it was found that most of the respondents had poor knowledge (53%), adequate family support (52%), and fairly clean genital hygiene behavior (59%). There is a relationship between the level of knowledge with genital hygiene behavior in adolescent (p = 0.045), there is a relationship between family support and genital hygiene behavior in adolescent (p = 0.001). The results of multivariate analysis showed a relationship between the level of knowledge and family support with genital hygiene behavior in adolescent (p = 0.008), where family support had a significant relationship (p = 0.002).

THE KNOWLOEDGE OF THE IMPACT SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AND ADOLESCENTS DATING BEHAVIORS IN HIGH SCHOOL SURABAYA

Background: Knowledge is one of the factors that encourage adolescents to engage in sexual behavior that deviates outside the bond of marriage through the culture of dating adolescent. According to previous research, it was reported that only a small proportion of adolescents had heard about the container or place of obtaining information and consultation regarding reproductive health. This study aims to determine the relationship of knowledge about the impact of premarital sexual behavior with dating behavior in adolescents. Methods: This research method is observational analytic with cross sectional research design. The number of samples was 56 adolescents in high school “X” Surabaya with the sampling technique using stratified random sampling. The independent variable was knowledge about the effects of premarital sexual behavior. The dependent variable was adolescent dating behavior. Results : The results showed that the level of adolescents knowledge on the impact of premarital sex behavior was included in the good category (62,5%) with while dating behavior was in the moderate category (55,4%). Spearman rank test results knowledge with dating behavior in adolescents p = 0.002 (p <0.05). Conclusion : The data showed that there was a relationship of knowledge about the impact of premarital sexual behavior with dating behavior in adolescents.

CORRELATION BETWEEN MOTHER’S KNOWLEDGE AND HUSBAND’S SUPPORT WITH THE USE OF IUD IN BOAWAE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER

Background: The intrauterine device (IUD) is an effective and efficient long-term method of contraception which has effect of delaying and spacing more than three years of birth. NTT is one of the province with the most dominant short-acting contraception methods usage and IUD contraceptive usage is lowest in Boawae Community Health Center. The low use of IUD can be influenced by two factors such as mother’s knowledge and husband’s support. This study aims to analyse relationship between mother’s knowledge and husband’s support. with the use of IUD. Method: This study was observational analytic study with cross sectional approach. There were 104 mothers consisted of 52 IUDs and 52 non IUDs, were selected by simple random sampling technique and assessed with questionnaire. The independent variable are mother's knowledge and husband's support, while the dependent variable is the use of IUD. Data analysis was achieved by chi square and multiple regression logistic test. Results: The results showed that most of mothers with IUD had good knowledge as much as 67.3% and most of non-IUDs’s mothers had less knowledge of 40,4%. Husband’s support of mother’s with IUDs was 67,3% and in non-IUD’s mothers was only 15,4%. There were significant association between mother’s knowledge (p value =0,000) and husband’s support (p value = 0,000) with the use of IUD. Multiple logistic regression test showed that husband support was the most dominant factor with p value = 0,000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: There were relationship between knowledge and husband’s support with the use of IUD. Husband's support is the most dominant factor in the use of IUD.

FACTORS RELATED TO NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

Background: The problem of nutrition in children at Indonesia was still an unresolved problem. Unicef said that one in ten children were underweighted and a fifth of children were overweighted or obesed. This number will not decrease and it will increase if we not handled this problem seriously. This study was conducted with the aimed of analyzed the factors that influenced nutritional status in pre-school children, so that more effective prevention and treatment can be carried out. Method: This research was a cross sectional study with a total sample of 150 preschool child in the age of 3 to 6 years old and the parents with online questionnaire. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling. The study was conducted in PAUD at Tanah Kali Kedinding, Kenjeran, Surabaya. The data was analyzed with Spearmean test, Chi-square, and Fisher exact. Result: Knowledge p value = 0,025 r = 0,182. Income p value < 0,001 r = 0,368. Eating frequency p value < 0,001 r = 0,721. The amount of food p value < 0,001 r = 0,738. The kind of food p value < 0,001 C = 0,443. Physical activity p value = 0,438. Conclusion: Parental knowledge and income, and children's eating patterns were related to the nutritional status of pre-school children, while the physical activity of children does not affected the nutritional status of children.

REDUCING LABOR PAIN WITH WARM COMPRESS ON THE 1ST STAGE LABOR OF ACTIVE LABOR PHASE

Background: Labor pain is a visceral nociceptive pain caused by contraction and dilatation of the cervix. This condition affects the mother physically and psychologically. Pain that cannot be handled alone will cause anxiety and stress. Various techniques have been used to reduce pain during labor, which reduce emotional stress, increase calm, and physical contact while reducing pain. Warm compresses are a non-pharmacological method that can reduce labor pain. In addition, warm compresses are also a method that is cheap, simple, safe, and effective, without adverse side effects, and in accordance with the competence of midwives. This study aims to determine the effect of warm compresses in the first stage of the active phase on reducing labor pain. Methods: This research method is pre experimental designs with one group pretest-posttest research design. The number of samples as many as 10 maternity with purposive sampling sampling technique. This research was conducted in September-October 2019. Data analysis used the dependent T test. Results: The results showed that based on the results of the dependent t-Test test, the p value / Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.005, <0.05, thus there is a significant (significant) decrease between the average labor pain before which is 8.12 and after warm compresses is 6.86. Thus, there is an effect of warm compresses during the first stage of the active phase on reducing labor pain. Conclusion: There is an effect of warm compresses on decreasing labor pain scale.

RISK FACTORS OF STUNTING EVENTS IN TODDLERS AGED 24-59 MONTHS

Background: Stunting is one priority problem in Indonesia. The incidence of stunting in toddlers at the Tambak Wedi Public Health Center Surabaya in 2015 and 2016 were 31.3% and 33%, respectively. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months in Tambak Wedi Health Center Surabaya. Method: This observational analytic research used cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 220 and the sample size was 110 mothers and toddlers. Samples were selected by proportional cluster random sampling from the population of 220 pairs mothers and toddlers. Independent variables of the mothers include height, upper arm circumference, frequency of ANC visits, weight gain during pregnancy, meanwhile of the toddlers included birth length and birth weight. The dependent variable was stunting. Statistical analysis used chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests. Results: There were 100 pairs of mother and toddlers in the study. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between maternal height (p = 0.025, RR = 0.406), frequency of ANC visits (p = 0.017, RR = 0.382), increase in maternal weight during pregnancy (p = 0.017, RR = 0.328), the baby’s birth length (p = <0.001, RR = 0.256), and the baby's birth weight (p = <0.001, RR = 0.208) with stunting. Multivariate analysis showed maternal height and ANC visit as the significant risk factors of stunting. Conclusion: Maternal height and the frequency of ANC visits were the risk factors for stunting among toddlers aged 24-59 months in Tambak Wedi Public Health Center in Surabaya.

MATERNAL FACTORS ON LABOR WITH CESAREAN SECTION HISTORY

Background : Cesarean section without medical indications can have negativity in developing or developed countries. Cesarean section is a medical intervention in certain circumstance but must be recognized as a major surgical procedure with potential risks to the mother and baby. This research aim to analyze maternal factors in labor with a history of cesarean esction. Method : this research was a cross sectional method with collected 72 medical records in RSUD Dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya. Result : Maternal age, interpregnancy interval, indication of past Cesarean section, and BMI during pregnancy, did not correlate with method of delivery. Factors which correlated to method of delivery after Cesarean section were prior vaginal delivery (p=0,044) and length of stay (p=0,000). Conclusion : There is a relationship between the factors of vaginal birth history and length of stay with delivery method.

CORRELATION KNOWLEDGE WITH PSYCHOLOGY RESPONSE OF TEENAGE GIRLS IN CONFRONT MENARCHE

Background: Adolescence is a transition from children to adulthood. In adolescence menarche will occur, menarche is the first menstruation in young women which occurs between 1.5 to 3 years after thelarche. The average menarche occurs at the age of 12 and 13 years. When Menarche happens, many changes occur, one of which is psychological change. Changes in the level of knowledge of adolescents about the level of knowledge of adolescents about menarche. Knowledge about menarche can be obtained through families, print media, electronics, or health workers (midwives, doctors, nurses). Examining the relationship of knowledge level with prepubertal adolescent girls psychological responses in menarche conversation. Method: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional study design. The number of samples was 41 students with total sampling techniques. To find out the relationship between variables, the data test with the chi-square test. Results: The results showed that most teenagers' knowledge in the knowledge category was 70.73%. While the psychological response is mostly in the negative category (68.3%). Contingency coefficient results showed a p value of 0.270 (p <0.05). Conclusion: These data indicate that there is no correlation between knowledge and psychological responses of pre-puberty teenage girls in the face menarche.