A REVIEW ON UNDERSTANDING KASHTARTAVA THROUGH DYSMENORRHOEA: AN INTEGRATED CONCEPTUAL APPROACH

Menstruation, a complex cyclic phenomenon, is an inevitable natural occurrence in women’s life and is considered as landmark of homeostatic condition of reproductive system. In Ayurvedic classics all gynecological problems are described under the broad term Yoni Vyapat. Painful menstruation is called Kashtartava. The present article explores the cause – mechanism effect of Symptom Kashtartava and it is critically reviewed under the light of modern disease Dysmenorrhea. Primary Dysmenorrhoea is considered as Kashtartava and is a common complaint seen in all gynecological OPD’s.

Considerations on Cycling in the Case of Linear Programming Problem (Lpp)

Ever since the onset of algorithms for determining the optimal solution or solutions for a linear programming problem (LPP), the question of the possibility of occurrence of cycling when one or other of these algorithms are applied was born. Thus, the fundamental question regarding this issue is under what conditions the cyclic phenomenon appears for a problem of linear programming and how to construct examples in which to do so, and as a continuation of it, which methods can be developed to avoid this phenomenon. In this study we will present some aspects regarding this issue starting from the primal simplex algorithm, by highlighting some general aspects that occur when this phenomenon happens

Impact of Climate Change on the Retreat of Himalayan Glaciers and Its Impact on Major River Hydrology

Himalayan Glaciers are the largest freshwater resource on earth and the rivers originating from them are an important source of water. They significantly modify stream flow both in quantity and timing as annual basin run-off is enhanced or decreased in years of negative or positive glacier mass balance respectively. Although glacial advances and retreats are a part of its natural cyclic phenomenon, the rate of de-glaciations has accelerated in recent times due to climatic changes and global warming caused by anthropogenic activities. Some of the important glaciers of Himalayas are receding at an alarming rate, which could have dire consequences on river hydrology of the main rivers of this region namely, Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra, initially causing floods and the paradoxically, scarcity of water later. This chapter is an attempt to summarize some of the studies on Himalayan glacier retreats and also to assess its impact on the availability of freshwater in the sub-continent.

Impact of Climate Change on the Retreat of Himalayan Glaciers and Its Impact on Major River Hydrology

Himalayan Glaciers are the largest freshwater resource on earth and the rivers originating from them are an important source of water. They significantly modify stream flow both in quantity and timing as annual basin run-off is enhanced or decreased in years of negative or positive glacier mass balance respectively. Although glacial advances and retreats are a part of its natural cyclic phenomenon, the rate of de-glaciations has accelerated in recent times due to climatic changes and global warming caused by anthropogenic activities. Some of the important glaciers of Himalayas are receding at an alarming rate, which could have dire consequences on river hydrology of the main rivers of this region namely, Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra, initially causing floods and the paradoxically, scarcity of water later. This chapter is an attempt to summarize some of the studies on Himalayan glacier retreats and also to assess its impact on the availability of freshwater in the sub-continent.

The Studying on Design Communication and Conveyance in Project Plan

One of the most crucial factors in a design organization is the contact and communication that is to be maintained with its clients. Most often, design organizations are confronted with communication problems due to the attitudes and perceptions of their client’s design as well as their communication expectations. This study on “Design Communication and Conveyance in Project Plan” intends to underline the importance of a designer's role and working methods in the development of a design and will help improve design communication problems faced by design organizations. The study also throws light on the importance of the deep involvement of a client through frequent communication in the design process in order to maintain the essence of the project. When the goals set by the organization cannot be accomplished in the traditional way, the plans of the project play a considerable role. A business organization, in order to complete a particular project or job from various departments will require the professional and technical personnel involved in the plan to setup a temporary task group that is responsible for dealing with the plan or operation. In design practices, the communication between design managers and designers forms a cyclic phenomenon that is coined by the term CAFE which stands for "Comprehension", "Adaptation” and "Fit-IN" three-stage cycle in order to maintain an "equal" state. Design communication and conveyance are two essential factors when it comes to achieving design goals. The design of communication is affected by the four elements, namely, organization of architecture and design 3P (Project, Process and People). Being a key role in the design of communication, a key figure in the "contact window ", "sender" and "coordinator" is called "a design communication conveyance". In design communication and conveyance in project plan, this study will explore the concept, the difficulties, influencing factors, the types of categories and the framework. Keywords: design communication, project plan

Dust particles in low-pressure plasmas: Formation and induced phenomena

Formation of dust particles is a common mechanism in low-pressure plasmas. These big particles (in comparison with other plasma species) are sometimes the desired final products of the process, but they may also constitute a severe drawback in certain contexts. In either situation, it is necessary to understand growth mechanisms well, in order to control or avoid dust particle formation. One of the problems that has to be overcome is that dust particle growth is usually a continuous mechanism: once started, it can enter into a cyclic regime where new generations of dust particles are succeeding one after the other. This cyclic phenomenon often induces a side effect consisting of instabilities of a few tens of Hz. This paper discusses the main characteristics of dust successive generations, and particularly the importance of dust-free spaces (void) involved in this process. Finally, some aspects related to deposition when several generations coexist will be presented.

A Noncyclic Method for Plastic Shakedown Analysis

Shakedown is a cyclic phenomenon, and for its analysis it seems natural to employ a cyclic analysis method. Two problems are associated when this direct approach is used in finite element analysis. First, the analysis typically needs to be stabilized over several cycles, and the analysis of each individual cycle may need a considerable amount of computing time. Second, even in cases where a stable cycle is known to exist, the finite element analysis can show a small continuing amount of strain accumulation. For elastic shakedown, noncyclic analysis methods that use Melan’s theorem have been proposed. The present paper extends noncyclic lower bound methods to the analysis of plastic shakedown. The proposed method is demonstrated with several example problems.

A Non-Cyclic Method for Plastic Shakedown Analysis

Shakedown is a cyclic phenomenon, and for its analysis it seems natural to employ a cyclic analysis method. Two problems are associated when this direct approach is used in finite element analysis. Firstly, the analysis typically needs to be stabilized over several cycles, and the analysis of each individual cycle may need a considerable amount of computing time. Secondly, even in cases where a stable cycle is known to exist, the finite element analysis can show a small continuing amount of strain accumulation. For elastic shakedown, non-cyclic analysis methods that use Melan’s theorem have been proposed. The present paper extends non-cyclic lower bound methods to the analysis of plastic shakedown. The proposed method is demonstrated with several example problems.

Hydroxyurea-induced marked oscillations of platelet counts in patients with polycythemia vera

Two prospectively studied patients with polycythemia vera (PV) whose platelet counts showed marked periodic fluctuation during treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) are reported. Cycle lengths in both were approximately 28 to 30 days. In one patient, the cyclic process was no longer evident when treatment with HU was withheld, and it reappeared on treatment rechallenge. Circulating thrombopoietin (TPO) levels fluctuated out of phase with the platelet count despite markedly reduced TPO-receptor (c-Mpl) expression in bone marrow megakaryocytes. These observations suggest that the cyclic phenomenon may be related to both a transient state of HU-induced depletion of megakaryocytes and a concentration-dependent mitigation by TPO of the HU effect on megakaryocytes and their precursors. It is conceivable that the affected patients harbor a megakaryocyte progenitor pool whose apoptotic activity is differently modulated by either HU or high concentrations of TPO.