A study on mushroom management perception of employees in Provincial Directorates of Youth and Sports (Niğde province example)

It seems that the mushroom management metaphor has become a new research area in management sciences. This management style takes its name from mushroom cultivation in terms of method similarity. In mushroom cultivation; mushrooms are left in the dark and only allowed to grow by giving them the resources they need. In the mushroom management metaphor, managers leave employees in a kind of darkness. They provide only the resources they need without conducting mutual communication with them and does not need to share information with the employees. At the end of this process, managers expect an increase in performance from their employees. Within the scope of this study, it was aimed to measure the mushroom management perceptions of 4-a and 4-b employees in Niğde Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports. The sample of the study consists of 92 civil servants, 42 women and 50 men, working in the Niğde Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports. Personal information form and the “Mushroom Management Scale” developed by Birioğlu and Tekin (2018) were used as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of the data, T-test was used for pairwise comparisons, and ANOVA test was used for more than two comparisons. As a result, according to the findings, it was determined that the employees had a medium level of mushroom management perception. No significant difference was found between the sub-dimensions of administrative duty, gender, age, and tenure. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Mantar yönetim metaforunun, yönetim bilimlerinde yeni bir araştırma alanı haline geldiği görülmektedir. Bu yönetim tarzı ismini metot benzerliği açısından mantar yetiştiriciliğinden almaktadır. Mantar yetiştiriciliğinde; mantarlar karanlıkta bırakılır ve sadece ihtiyacı olan kaynaklar verilerek yetişmesi sağlanır. Mantar yönetim metaforunda da yöneticiler, çalışanları bir çeşit karanlıkta bırakır; onlarla karşılıklı iletişim yürütmeden sadece onların ihtiyacı olan kaynakları sağlar ve çalışanlarla bilgi paylaşımına gerek duymaz. Bu sürecin sonunda yöneticiler, çalışanlardan performans artışı beklerler. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Niğde Gençlik ve Spor il Müdürlüğünde 4-a ve 4-b çalışan personellerin mantar yönetim algılarının ölçülmesi amaçlamıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini, Niğde Gençlik ve Spor İl Müdürlüğünde çalışan, 42 kadın, 50 erkek olmak üzere toplam 92 memur oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu ve Birincioğlu ve Tekin (2018) tarafından geliştirilen “Mantar Yönetim Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ikili karşılaştırmalarda T-testi, ikiden fazla karşılaştırmalarda Anova testi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; elde edilen bulgulara göre çalışanların orta düzeyde mantar yönetim algısına sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. İdari görev, cinsiyet, yaş ve görev süresi ile alt boyutlar arasında hiçbir anlamlı farklılık tespit edilememiştir.

Are EUIPO Trade Mark Examiners and the Boards of Appeal Bound by Precedent Decisions?

Are EUIPO examiners and appeal bodies bound by previous decisions of the office they belong to? Before the decision in Puma was issued, there was a succession of frequently referred to ECJ precedents which were apparently disregarded. EUIPO offices had been considered bound to the sole law (and, where precedents are concerned, only to ECJ case-law). However, after Puma, pursuant to the administrative duty to act consistently and to state the grounds on which decisions are based, it is concluded that relevance of EUIPO precedents (and of the ‘Trade mark guidelines’, as far as they are based on them) should not be set aside simply because they are not formal sources of law. Instead, they should be appreciated as rules of administrative procedure. In this sense, precedent EUIPO decisions should be recognised as more than just a persuasive power (which they share with all other relevant ‘precedents’ such as Member States case-law or offices’ decisions). In fact, it should be acknowledged that they also have a role within the duty of motivation of administrative decisions. So if EUIPO decides to depart from a precedent or from its ‘Trade mark guidelines’, explicit and detailed motivation of such departure is required. Even if the EUIPO is under a general duty to take into account the decisions already taken in respect of similar applications, a specific duty to take into consideration a given precedent requires that such precedents are duly reported with all relevant elements to be taken into consideration (factual context and legal reasoning) within the decision to be issued.

LEGAL NATURE OF PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THEIR STATE REGISTRATION

The relevance of the article is that the property rights of citizens and businesses are not only the basis of Ukraine's economy - they are based on family relations, they are also the material basis of local governments and state organizations, institutions and enterprises. In other words, without their proper registration and protection, it is impossible to ensure any other sphere of public life. In Ukraine, some attention is paid to the legislative definition of property rights and the problem of their state registration. And if with the first part of the outlined, in our opinion, a certain harmony is reached, then the issue of protection of property rights in today's conditions is acute. Its violations, in particular raids on enterprises and other violations of the property rights of individuals and legal entities, although decreased in number, but such facts have not remained in the past. The leading instrument of administrative legal protection of property rights is the institution of state registration of property rights, which in today's conditions is undergoing a process of further transformation and improvement in the effectiveness of protection of the rights of property rights. The artіcle reveals and descrіbes the legal nature of property rіghts and theіr state regіstratіon. Thіs іs done on the basіs of the theory of natural law, the theory of admіnіstratіve law, the theory of cіvіl law, as well as domestіc legіslatіon. Іt іs proved that the legal nature of the state regіstratіon of real rіghts to іmmovable property іs that іn іts іmplementatіon there are specіfіc admіnіstratіve and legal relatіons of a protectіve nature. It is concluded that the legal nature of state registration of property rights to property rights is that in its implementation there are classic administrative and legal protection relations, which involve applicants or their authorized persons, usually private legal entities, and public ( public) registrars as subjects of power. The content of these relations is: 1) the subjective right of the applicant to receive a kind of public protection in formal form (security document) and in essence - to use the entire public apparatus of protection and state coercion in his case in case of violation of registered property rights; 2) the administrative duty of a special subject of public administration (registrar) is a public obligation to carry out such registration. In turn, the registrar has the right to demand from the applicant provided by the current legislation confirmation of ownership of the property rights submitted for registration. Legal facts in the analyzed area of administrative and legal relations are the entry in the register of decisions on state registration, which directly lead to a change or termination of legal relations. A separate line in this area should be noted administrative-legal, administrative-procedural and economic-procedural legal relations that arise when appealing the decisions of state registrars to refuse registration (registration) of property rights to administrative or (and) judicial authorities.

Investigation of Teachers’ Violence Sensitivity Levels Towards Children According to Different Variables

The study aims to reveal relationship between the secondary school teachers’ violence sensitivity levels towards children according to different variables. The study sample consists of 563 teachers working in Erzurum, Turkey in the academic year of 2017-2018. In this study, “Violence Sensitivity towards Children” scale, which was developed by Arzu Özyürek (2017), was used. SPSS 21 package program was used to analyze the data. In the analysis of the data, frequency distribution was used to determine the demographic characteristics, the Independent Samples T test was used to examine the differentiation status between two independent variables and the violence sensitivity level towards children, and the One Way Anova analysis tests were conducted to examine the differentiation status between more than two variables and the violence sensitivity level towards children. All these tests were analyzed in SPSS 21 package program and the significance was evaluated at p<0.05 level.Findings of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the teachers’ violence sensitivity levels towards children and gender, age, status of having a child, place of childhood, administrative duty status and tenure of office. However, no significant difference was found between variables of family structure and employment status.Measures should be taken to prevent children’s exposure to violence by identifying violence sensitivity levels of teachers towards children, who play an active role in the teaching and the development of the children, and by examining the variables that differ in their sensitivity levels. In addition, the study suggests further researches on different groups and more comprehensive studies for better understanding of and awareness about the subject of violence and children.

La formación de los empleados públicos desde el punto de vista jurídico y organizacional. Dos perspectivas necesariamente entrelazadas

LABURPENA: Administrazio Publikoen zerbitzura lan egiten duten enplegatuen prestakuntza ikuspuntu juridikotik aztertu daiteke —langilearen eskubidea eta betebeharra den aldetik—, bai eta erakunde-ikuspegitik ere —erakundeko helburuen arabera prestakuntza ezartzeko modurik onena zehazteko ikuspegian oinarrituta—. Ikuspegi juridikoan, zehazki, prestakuntza jasotzeko betebeharra urratzeak dakartzan ondorioak aztertuko ditugu. Halaber, berariaz ikertuko dugu prestakuntzaren eta berdintasunerako eskubidearen arteko harremana, bai eta administrazioak interes orokorra lortzeko duen betebeharrarekiko lotura ere. Azken alderdi horrek, hain zuzen ere, erakunde-ikuspegiarekin egingo du bat. Horren barruan aztertuko ditugu, besteak beste, planifikazio estrategikoa aldez aurretik egiteko beharrizana, eta prestakuntza, ezagutza teknikoak eskuratzera ez ezik, beste era bateko eskumenak garatzera bideratzeko beharrizana; hori guztia, interes orokorra lortzen dela bermatzeko. RESUMEN: La formación de los empleados al servicio de las Administraciones Públicas puede analizarse desde un punto de vista jurídico —como derecho y deber del empleado— y desde una perspectiva organizacional —óptica basada en determinar el mejor modo de configurar la formación con arreglo a los objetivos de la organización—. Respecto a la perspectiva jurídica, estudiaremos las consecuencias del incumplimiento del deber de formarse, analizando igualmente la relación existente entre la formación y el derecho a la igualdad, así como su conexión con el deber administrativo de perseguir el interés general. Esto último enlazará con el punto de vista organizacional donde recogeremos, entre otros extremos, la necesidad de realizar una planificación estratégica de forma anticipada y de orientar la formación no solo a la adquisición de conocimientos de tipo técnico sino también al desarrollo de competencias de otra índole; todo ello como garantía para el logro del propio interés general. ABSTRACT: The training of Public Administration employees can be analyzed from a legal point of view —as a right and duty for the employee— or from an organizational perspective —from an optic based in determining the best way to configure the training in accordance with the objectives of the organization—. With regard to the legal perspective, we will study the consequences of infringement of the duty of training, also examining the relationship between training and right to equality, together with its connection to the administrative duty to pursue the general interest. This latter will link with the organizational point of view where we will reveal, amongst other things, the need for establishing an anticipated strategic planning and for targeting the training not only to to acquire technical knowledge but also to develop competences of a different type; all as a guarantee for achieving the general interest.

Leisure Participation, Job Stress, and Life Satisfaction: Moderation Analysis of Two Models

I explored the relationships among leisure participation, job stress, and life satisfaction of Taiwanese high school teachers and college professors (N = 488) and investigated the moderating effects of taking on an extra administrative duty and type of school (college vs. high school). Results revealed that leisure participation negatively predicted job stress, and job stress negatively explained life satisfaction. Additionally, both taking on an extra administrative duty and type of school moderated the relationship between job stress and life satisfaction. Research implications are discussed.