PKM USAHA PRODUKSI JAMUR TIRAM DANOLAHANNYA DI NAGARI BISATI SUNGAI SARIAK KECAMATAN VII KOTO KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN

Nagari Bisati Sungai Sariak merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan VII Koto Kabupaten Padang Pariaman yang sebagian besar penduduknya merupakan petani.Salah satu usaha pertanian yang mulai berkembang di Nagari Bisati yaitu usaha budidaya jamur tiram yang tergolong kedalam industri ekonomi produktif. Salah satu usaha budidaya jamur tiram terdapat di Nagari Bisati yang dikelola oleh ibu Delvia.Usaha produksi jamur tiram ini belum mampu memproduksi jamur tiram dengan jumlah yang banyak.Hasil produksi jamur tiram hanya cukup untuk dipasarkan di daerah sekitar dan di beberapa pasar tradisional saja. Hal ini disebabkan beberapa hal seperti, keterbatasan alat dalam penyediaan media baglog jamur tiram; Terbatasanya pengetahuan dalam pengembangan budidaya jamur tiram; Terbatasnya pengetahuan dalam pengolahan hasil panen jamur tiram; Terbatasnya pengetahuan tentang sanitasi proses budidaya jamur tiram; serta Permasalahan permodalan dalam menunjang kegiatan budidaya jamur tiram; Keterbatasan alat sterilisasi baglog dan alat inokulasi bibit jamur. Metode pemecahan masalah yang digunakan berupa pelatihan penggunaan alat sterilisasi baglog dan inokulasi bibit jamur, pengenalan sanitasi pada proses budidaya jamur tiram, pengenalan dan pelatihan pembuatan produk olahan jamur tiram dan pengemasan produk olahan jamur tiram. Dari kegiatan pendampingan dan pembinaan pada mitra diharapkan dapat meningkatkan jiwa kewirausahaan sehingga nantinya dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan mitra.Dengan adanya usaha pengolahan jamur tiram menjadi produk pangan maka produk-produk olahan tersebut dapat dipasarkan didaerah sekitar dan ke pasar modern. Kata kunci : Jamur Tiram, Budidaya, Produk Olahan, Inovasi Teknologi ABSTRACT Nagari Bisati Sungai Sariak is one of the villages in VII Koto Subdistrict, Padang Pariaman Regency where most of the population are farmers. One of the agricultural businesses that have begun to develop in Nagari Bisati is the cultivation of oyster mushrooms which is classified as a productive economy industry. One of the oyster mushroom cultivation businesses is in Nagari Bisati which is managed by Mrs. Delvia. This oyster mushroom production business has not been able to produce oyster mushrooms in large quantities. The production of oyster mushrooms is only sufficient to be marketed in the surrounding area and in several traditional markets. This is due to several things such as limited tools in the supply of oyster mushroom baglog media; Limited knowledge in the development of oyster mushroom cultivation; Limited knowledge in processing oyster mushroom harvest; Limited knowledge about the sanitation of oyster mushroom cultivation process; as well as capital problems in supporting oyster mushroom cultivation activities; Limited baglog sterilizer and mushroom seed inoculation tools. The problem-solving method used is in the form of training in the use of baglog sterilizers and inoculation of mushroom seeds, introduction to sanitation in the oyster mushroom cultivation process, introduction and training in making oyster mushroom products and packaging of processed oyster mushroom products. From mentoring and coaching activities to partners, it is hoped that it can increase the spirit of entrepreneurship so that later it can increase partner income and welfare. With the business of processing oyster mushrooms into food products, these processed products can be marketed in surrounding areas and to modern markets. Keywords: Oyster Mushrooms, Cultivation, Processed Products, Technological Innovation

Use of Spent Mushroom Substrate in New Mushroom Crops to Promote the Transition towards A Circular Economy

The use of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) in new cultivation cycles has already been reported due to its economic and environmental viability. When considering the application of the circular economy concept in the production of edible mushrooms, the re-use of the SMS within the same process is highly attractive, because it allows a better use of the biomass and the energy involved in the process and, therefore, tends to improve energy efficiency and resource conservation. However, this alternative generates important challenges, which derive from maintaining the quality standards of the mushrooms produced and, at the same time, not incurring excessive costs that are detrimental to the process itself. In our opinion, the main difficulty of the process in achieving success is regarding the biological and agronomic parameters that involve the production of the mushroom. It is useless to apply SMS in new cycles if the mushroom harvest is impaired and farms become non-viable. However, numerous examples are reported here where SMS was recycled into new substrates for either the same or different mushroom species without negatively affecting yield compared with using substrates prepared from 100% fresh raw materials. Thus, we suggest that each farm has its own specific technological study, since a small variation in the raw material of the compost, and mushroom cultivation practices and casing layer used, can influence the entire viability of the mushroom circular economy.

Infra Red Spectra of Different Species of Cultivated Oyster Mushrooms Possible Tool for Identifying Bioactive Compounds and Establishing Taxonomic Linkage

Mushrooms are macrofungi that serve as a vegetarian source of protein along with various bio-active molecules of primary health importance. The activity of the bio-active molecules range from antioxidant, immunomodulation, hepatoprotection. Cultivated oyster mushrooms are also rich in these components which may be estimated quantitatively by skill intensive ‘destructive’ chemical techniques. Infra Red spectroscopy provides a non-destructive user friendly technique to quickly assess the presence of bio-active compounds in mushroom species to be used as a quality control measure as this non-destructive tool can be used to segregate mushroom harvest according to availability of bioactive compounds. IR spectra based strain classification and taxa delimitation of mushroom samples are also attempted vis a vis DNA sequence based phylogeny analysis of the same, but no correlation is observed between the two types of phylogeny analysis.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SERBUK KAYU JATI (Tectona grandis) SEBAGAI MEDIA TUMBUH JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus ostreotus)

Teak particle produced from sawmill industrial waste can be used as an alternative raw material for growing mushroom media. This study aims to get the productivity of oyster mushrooms that grow on teak particle growing media. The first treatment was carried out on teak particle before the particle was mixed with other ingredients, namely soaking teak particle using hot water (each for one, two and three hours) and cold water (each for five, seven and nine days). Soaking of teak particle influences the rate of fungal mycelium closure, the time of appearance of the mushroom fruit body, the fresh weight of mushrooms and the amount of mushroom harvest in each blog. On nine days of cold soaking, the blog is entirely covered by fungal mycelium on the 28th day, the mushroom fruit body appears on the 32nd day, the average fresh weight of mushrooms harvested 90 g and in one blog can collect mushrooms 2-3 times. The treatment of soaking wood particle in cold water for nine days showed better results compared to controls and other treatments.Key words: Pleurotus ostreotus, Tectona grandis, growing media

Pengaruh posisi bukaan plastik baglog dan konsentrasi pupuk fosfor terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus)

The decrease in mushroom produc-tivity due to openings at the top of the baglog needs to be balanced with phosphor to increase the mushroom harvest. The research study the interaction effect of opening position plastic baglogs and concentration of phosphor fertilizers to growth and yield of oyster mushroom. The experiment has been done in Mushrooms House, Faculty of Agriculture, Winaya Mukti University, Sumedang with altitude of 850 m above sea level. It was carried out from September until December 2015. The experimental design used in this experiment was completely randomized design and treatment design was factorial. The treatment consisted of two factors: the opening position of plastic baglogs and fertilizer concentrations of phosphor fertilizer. Opening position of plastic baglogs consists of a 6 levels that b1 = vertically baglog, the top of baglog opened entirely, b2 = vertically baglog, left side baglog opened at areas 3cm x 1cm, b3 = vertically baglog, left and right side baglog opened at areas 3cm x 1cm, b4 = horizontally baglog, left and right side baglog opened entirely, b5 = the left side baglog opened at areas 3cm x 1cm, and b6 = left and right side baglog opened at areas 3cm x 1cm. The concentration of phosphor fertilizer consisted of 3 levels that p0 = 0 g L-1 solution, p1 = 0.25 g L-1 solution, and p2 = 0.50 g L-1 solution. All treatment was replicated 2 times. The results showed that there was interaction between opening position of plastic baglog and a concentration of phosphor fertilizer to height of mushroom fruiting bodies.Keywords: Baglog, Oyster Mushrooms, Phosphor Sari. Penurunan produktivitas jamur akibat bukaan plastik pada bagian atas baglog perlu diimbangi dengan pemberian fosfor untuk meningkatkan hasil panen jamur tiram. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh interaksi posisi bukaan plastik baglog dan konsentrasi pupuk fosfor terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jamur tiram putih. Percobaan telah dilakukan di Kumbung Jamur Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Winaya Mukti (UNWIM), Kabupaten Sumedang dengan ketinggian tempat 850 m di atas permukaan laut dan dilaksanakan mulai dari bulan September sampai bulan Desember 2015. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan rancangan perlakuan adalah faktorial. Perlakuan terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu posisi bukaan plastik baglog dan konsentrasi pupuk fosfor. Posisi bukaan plastik baglog terdiri dari 6 taraf faktor yaitu b1 = baglog diberdirikan, bagian atas baglog dibuka seluruhnya, b2 = baglog diberdirikan, samping kiri baglog bagian tengahnya dibuka seluas 3cm x 1cm, b3 = baglog diberdirikan, samping kiri dan kanan baglog bagian tengahnya dibuka seluas 3cm x 1cm, b4 = baglog ditidurkan, samping kiri dan kanan baglog dibuka seluruhnya, b5 = baglog ditidurkan, samping kiri baglog bagian tengahnya dibuka seluas 3cm x 1 cm, dan b6 = baglog ditidurkan, samping kiri dan kanan baglog bagian tengahnya dibuka seluas 3cm x 1 cm . Konsentrasi pupuk fosfor terdiri dari 3 taraf faktor yaitu p0 = 0 g L-1 Larutan, p1 = 0,25 g L-1 Larutan , dan p2 = 0,50 g L-1 Larutan, sehingga terdiri dari 18 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 2 kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan terjadi interaksi antara posisi bukaan plastik baglog dengan konsentrasi pupuk fosfor terhadap tinggi tubuh buah jamur.Kata kunci : Baglog, Fosfor, Jamur Tiram

Chemical composition of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél., substrates and residue after cultivation

The cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius was carried out on different substrate: cotton waste (A) leaves of Cymbopogon citratus (B) and leaves of Panicum maximum Jacq. (C). The mushroom had a varied chemical composition; nevertheless they contained a good composition for to be used as a good source of protein for human kind. The results showed the higher protein content (29.19%) and fibre (9.0%) for the mushroom that were cultivated on cotton peel. The substrate composition and the residue composition after the mushroom harvest were: Protein for the substrate "A" (10.63% and 9.35%), "B" (7.87% and 4.24%) and "C" (7.55% and 5.90 %); Lipids "A" (4.17% and 2.03%), "B"(2.77% and 3.20%) and "C" (0.91% and 2.05%); Fibres "A" (49.02% and 37.02%), "B" (28.40% and 23.26%) and "C" (37.50% and 26.66%) respectively. The substrate "A" showed 0.048% of iron and "C" 0.14% of magnesium, 0.31% of potassium and 0.26% of calcium. In the substrate "B" the quantity of the minerals were very low in comparison to the other substrates. The residues after the harvest of mushroom could be used as fertiliser or as complement in the composition for animal feed.