Ionic Liquids Based on Chromotropic Acid: Excellent Lubricating Additives for Aqueous System

In this paper, four ionic liquids based on chromotropate (CAILs) were prepared and applied to heighten the tribological performance of aqueous system on different metal friction contacts. Taking for the potential choice for water-based lubricating additive, CAILs exhibited excellent water solubility and corrosion resistance. Tribological results showed that the CAILs, especially the phenolic hydroxyl group decorated samples (TsnN4444 and TsnP4444), demonstrated extremely effective lubricating properties with the efficient friction and wear descent (69% and 83% for Fe, 47% and 94% for Cu, 74% and 69% for Al, respectively). Especially, the excellent load-carrying capacity was also presented with the highest PB (833N) and PD (1568N) values for TsnP4444. It is speculated that the CAIL molecular adsorption on the interface and further generation of tribochemical films are beneficial for their lubricating effects. resulting from the systematic discussion and analysis of CA, QCM, SEM, XPS, and FIB-TEM tests. However, TsN4444 and TsP4444 showed less effective lubricating performances and poor load-carrying capacities due to tribocorrosion of hydroxyl groups at the interface.

Decreasing Formaldehyde Emission from Particleboard Panels Fabricated by Adding Newly Phenolic Compounds as a Scavenger to Urea Formaldehyde Resin

This study focused on the influence of some novel scavengers on the physical, mechanical, and formaldehyde emission of particleboard produced with urea-formaldehyde resin. Three different scavengers, alizarin red sulfonate, alizarin yellow-GG, and chromotropic acid, were incorporated to the UF resin at 1, 3, 5, and 7% (by weight) loading levels based on the oven-dried weight of the resin. Other manufacturing parameters were kept constant in the producrion of particleboards. The results indicated that the formaldehyde emission of the particleboards significantly reduced with increasing amount of the scavengers. The lowest formaldehyde emission was found in the specimens containing alizarin red sulfonate (0.38 mg/l), followed by chromotropic acid (0.43 mg/l), and alizarin yellow-GG (0.49 mg/l), respectively, at 7 wt% loading level of the scavengers. Although the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards decreased with the increasing content of the scavengers, they met the requirements of particleboards for interior fitments (including furniture) for use in dry conditions (P2 grade) of EN 312 standard. According to the results of technological properties and formaldehyde emission of the particleboards, it can be said that alizarin red sulfonate is the best scavenger among the investigated scavengers.

Coordination chemistry of Be2+ ions with chelating oxygen donor ligands: further insights using electrospray mass spectrometry

The electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) behaviour of various complexes of beryllium have been investigated in the work described in this paper. These beryllium complexes were analysed in situ on a small scale by preparing appropriate molar mixtures of the Be2+ ion with ligands in a range of solvent systems. In view of the toxicity of beryllium compounds, this combinatorial type screening, involving miniscule amounts of material in solution, proved to be a safe strategy to pursue the coordination chemistry of beryllium. A variety of beryllium complexes were generated with various ligands in solutions and subjected to detailed characterisation by ESI-MS. These ligands, containing functional groups or architecture of interest, varied from simple ligands such as the acetate ion to more common beryllium chelators including hydroxy keto ligands (maltol, tropolone), malonic acid, chromotropic acid and citric acid. Generally, there was excellent correlation between the species observed in the mass spectrum and those confirmed to exist in solution by other techniques. This lent strong credence to the ESI-MS methodology used as an efficient analytical technique for the easy screening of a diverse range of potential ligands for the divalent beryllium ion.

Quantification of Some Herbal Distillates’ Methanol to Evaluate a New Diagnostic Kit

Methanol naturally exists in all plant products. In recent years, the consumption of certain kinds of herbal distillates has led to blurred vision, leading to neurotic blindness in Iran. The advanced methods needed for determination of methanol are not available in all parts of poor and developing countries. In this study, we evaluated some herbal distillates’ methanol with a new kit compared to gas chromatography for determining the efficacy of the kit. A gas chromatography apparatus was used to determine methanol concentration of 57 herbal distillates. At the same time, a spectrophotometer device was also used along with a newly designed kit based on the modified chromotropic acid method for the same purpose. All examined samples have different amounts of methanol from 21 to 770 mg/l. The methanol content of all samples was higher than the used kit’s limit of quantification (5 mg/l). The attained results by two used methods were very close together in both minimum (21 and 22 mg/l) and maximum (770 and 690 mg/l) amounts. The comparison of results was shown, and some of available herbal distillates in Iran have enough amounts of methanol to create chronic type of methanol poisoning. Our results suggested that the used kit had suitable efficacy for quantitative determination of herbal distillates’ methanol content. It was proved that the type of the herbal distillate did not affect the kit’s function. The new kit can be easily used with minimal equipment for quality control of herbal distillates in food industry area.